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Topic: Street prostitution

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	Prostitution - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Prostitution is rejected by most religions as being improper or sinful, and prostitutes are considered to be shameful or individuals of low standing in most societies; their customers are typically tolerated to a greater degree.
		Prostitutes (particularly those engaging in street prostitution) are also sometimes the targets of serial killers who see themselves as justified in killing prostitutes by the religious and social stigma associated with prostitution.
		Prostitution was made illegal in almost all states between 1910 and 1915 largely due to the influence of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union which was influential in the banning of drug use and was a major force in the prohibition of alcohol.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Brothel (5548 words)

	Part III - Street Prostitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Street prostitutes and customers currently are being diverted from criminal courts in some parts of the country, which suggests that the offence is not considered very seriously by members of the administration of criminal justice where such diversion programs exist.
		When prostitutes are arrested on the bench warrants they are charged with the serious offences of obstructing police or attempting to obstruct justice for giving false identities, and failure to appear in court, all offences for which police may photograph and fingerprint.
		The short-term gain to the prostitute of an early guilty plea is the quick disposition of the charges which allows her to start serving a jail sentence immediately and then get back on the street to her livelihood in the shortest time possible.
	canada.justice.gc.ca /en/news/nr/1998/part3.html (17177 words)

	Prostitution in Canada - Stephanie Study (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Communicating for the purposes of prostitution, soliciting, keeping a common bawdy house, procuring, and living off the avails of prostitution are some examples of the type of activities that are criminalized according to the legal system.
		Prostitution exists mainly because there have always been men who are willing to pay for sex; and yet when the problem of the trade is addressed, rarely are the actions of the customers taken into account.
		Most street prostitutes have common backgrounds; they are women and men who come from the lower socio-economic strata, and who are immensely dissatisfied with some aspects of their home life (Lowman, 1992: 54).
	www.mala.bc.ca /www/crimweb/Student/Sturdy.htm (3374 words)

	WCR v4n1 Carona
		Street prostitutes referred to law enforcement as "the biggest pimp of all" in that fines and temporary incarceration were simply the cost of doing business in any given sector of town.
		He further suggested that as the street environment became more difficult, there was a change in the hierarchy of the prostitution world and that, although most prostitutes did not want to change modality many did leave the streets to work indoors.
		Prostitutes found the programs to be somewhat supportive, but few found the programs to be of help to them.
	wcr.sonoma.edu /v4n1/carona.html (1494 words)

	paradigms
		Prostitution is a predatory evil which, by preying upon society...feeds the insatiable appetite of organized crime, fosters all manner of criminality, spreads venereal disease, and victimizes and depraves the prostitute....
		The irony of assertive prosecution of street prostitutes is that prostitution is a nonviolent misdemeanor in the eyes of the law.
		Upon entering prostitution a woman typically acquires a new name, changes her appearance, and creates a fictitious past....To be a prostitute is to be an object in the marketplace: a three dimensional blank screen upon which men project and act out their sexual dominance.
	www.wmich.edu /destinys-end/paradigms.htm (6798 words)

	Prostitution in Sweden (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Prostitution is not seen as a social problem, but rather as a symptom of the inequality between the sexes.
		The prostitute is almost always unwilling to witness against the client, as she or he doesn't se herself or himself as a crime victim - and is not obliged to witness either, since nobody has to do that according to the law if it could be considered "disgracing".
		Street prostitution is halved but, according to the police, prostitution still remains in the same extent - out of society's observation, control and aid possibilities.
	fb.provocation.net /www.flashback.net/~butte/English (2408 words)

	Recidivism Among the Customers of Female Street Prostitutes: Do Intervention Programs Help?
		Davis (1993) has argued that policies focusing on the arrest of female prostitutes rather than their clients are consistent with a double-standard, one in which women are held to different sexual rules than men and often blamed for male deviance.
		Prostitutes are often compelled by poverty, drug addiction, or fear of violence from pimps and frequently face rearrest.
		Nearly all men arrested for trying to hire prostitutes in Portland are caught in sweeps in which they approach a female police officer who is posing as a prostitute, an arrest strategy employed by law enforcement agencies nationwide (Monto 2000).
	wcr.sonoma.edu /v3n2/monto.html (3030 words)

	Prostitution
		Prostitution is at once a feminist and civil libertarian issue, and a law and order issue. It raises questions of morality and constitutional rights and freedoms. One of the few areas of consensual sexual activity that is still subject to legal control and the imposition of criminal sanctions, prostitution continues to engender vigorous debate.
		These by‑laws were purportedly enacted under the municipal powers, derived from the provinces, to regulate the use of the streets and to restrict activity that encourages criminality. Both by‑laws were said by police and municipal officials to deal effectively with street prostitution, but both were found to be invalid by the courts. In v.
		A report entitled Street Prostitution: Assessing the Impact of the Law was published in July 1989 by the Department of Justice. The report provided a synthesis of the site study results and concluded that although the “practice of street prostitution was modified somewhat by the communicating law...
	dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca /Collection-R/LoPBdP/CIR/822-e.htm (4505 words)

	Traditional Data Distort Our View of Prostitution
		Conservative estimates based on the ratio of female to male street prostitutes in Montreal in 1991 (4:1) and the average number of male clients they service each week (20 and 10 respectively) indicate that only 4% of those involved (or at least potentially involved) in communicating for the purpose of prostitution are women.
		Regardless of their gender, prostitutes are young and begin their careers at an early age: the mean age of the prostitutes interviewed for the Justice Department varied from 22 to 25, depending on the region, and the majority began their careers between the ages of 16 and 20.
		Not all prostitutes are victims and not all prostitution involves coercion: the majority of prostitutes work for themselves and do not necessarily have less education or more abusive backgrounds than others.
	www.walnet.org /csis/papers/shaver-distort.html (1836 words)

	Suicide and prostitution among street youth: a qualitative analysis Adolescence - Find Articles
		This method, in combination with a "pyramid effect" by which news o f the study spreads among street youth and their friends, was very effective in recruiting participants.
		Many street youth have had painful personal experiences with suicide and were motivated to offer their stories and understandings with a view to helping others in similar situations.
		An advocacy approach also helped gain access to street youth who might have never participated otherwise (e.g., youth who are extremely angry with members of mainstream society; youth who had a substantial income and for whom the compensation offered for the interview was inconsequential).
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2248/is_146_37/ai_89942840/pg_2 (594 words)

	Suicide and prostitution among street youth: a qualitative analysis Adolescence - Find Articles
		Finally, street youth involved in prostitution have also been found to be more likely to be abusers of crack cocaine, and are more entrenched (heavily identify) with the street lifestyle (Adlaf & Zdanowicz, 1999).
		This is especially likely given the differences in the experiences between street youth working as prostitutes and the mainstream populations from which many measures and much of current theory have been developed.
		The goal was to gain an understanding of what "suicid e" means to street youth who have been involved in prostitution-their understanding of the kinds of experiences and feelings that lead up to suicide, what a suicidal act is, and what happens after suicide.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2248/is_146_37/ai_89942840 (960 words)

	channel4.com - Prostitution: The Channel 4 Survey
		Spearheaded by the award-winning journalist Maggie O'Kane, Channel 4 commissioned a survey of over a hundred street prostitutes in 18 towns and cities about the safety of prostitutes on the street.
		Three quarters of street prostitutes (73%) said they had been attacked by punters in the previous 12 months – 42% on more than 3 occasions.
		50% of the street prostitutes surveyed said they’d been attacked in the previous 12 months by men who seemed respectable.
	www.channel4.com /news/microsites/D/Dispatches/prostitution/survey.html (446 words)

	AEGiS-AFP News: Moscow struggles to face up to rampant street prostitution
		Moscow is struggling to cope with pervasive street prostitution -- perhaps the worst in eastern Europe -- and officials acknowledge the problem is probably here to stay.
		While some prostitutes work in hotels and escort services, most of them walk the streets, or rather gather at designated "tochki" (points) in the city in organised groups protected by bodyguards.
		Moscow police have recently clamped down on prostitution on Tverskaya street, the capital's main thoroughfare, where women once crowded the sidewalks, drawing complaints that the city center had become a public brothrel.
	www.aegis.com /news/afp/1999/AF990720.html (903 words)

	CIR - Policy Center
		CIR has documented both street level and off-street prostitution such as escort services, massage parlors to assess the number of women and girls involved.
		During the second phase of the study, 222 women who are currently involved or who recently exited prostitution were surveyed to determine their histories and needs.
		This advocacy is being undertaken in collaboration with the newly organized Chicago-based Prostitution Alternatives Round Table (PART), a network of groups seeking to improve the service delivery and policy response to women in prostitution in Chicago.
	www.impactresearch.org /policycenter/prostitution.htm?ID=11 (246 words)

	Sex-trade advocates take aim at prostitution laws (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		An advocacy group representing Vancouver sex-trade workers is calling for a repeal of Canada's prostitution laws to make life safer for street prostitutes.
		Prostitution is legal in Canada, but communicating for the purpose of prostitution is not.
		She says the law against communicating for the purposes of prostitution forces prostitutes away from public places and into dangerous neighbourhoods where they're less likely to be seen.
	www.cbc.ca /canada/story/2005/03/29/prostitutecommittee0329.html (1152 words)

	BBC NEWS \| UK \| Scotland \| Dangers of street prostitution
		She said: "We have had reports from sex work projects in England - where kerb crawling legislation was introduced 10 years ago - that violence against women escalated significantly and did nothing to reduce the nuisance of street prostitution.
		As the law stands, the police can charge a prostitute with soliciting but they can only charge a client with breach of the peace if they have a witness.
		Officers say the impact street prostitution has on local communities can be enormous.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/uk_news/scotland/3840977.stm (800 words)

	You Are Never Alone: Reaching Out to Women Engaged in Street Prostitution. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: Prostitution is a behavior that involves the exchange of sexual services for economic compensation in the form of drugs, money or needed resources.
		Women engaged in street-level prostitution incur work-related stress injuries, traumatic injuries, musculoskeletal problems, bladder infections, and mental health issues.
		One organization attempting to change this for women engaged in prostitution is the You Are Never Alone (YANA) Project, Baltimore, Maryland.
	gateway.nlm.nih.gov /MeetingAbstracts/102274295.html (299 words)

	Italy moves to rein in street prostitution \| csmonitor.com
		But it also means returning to closed houses of prostitution, which were banned in 1958.
		Under the new law, it would not be illegal to rent apartments, condos, or homes to prostitutes, but no more than two prostitutes could inhabit one dwelling.
		International experts in prostitution and organized trafficking say the greatest benefits of the proposed law include a reduction in other crimes associated with street prostitution, such as petty theft and drug trafficking - and a safer environment for the country's estimated 30,000 to 40,000 street prostitutes, almost all of them immigrants.
	www.csmonitor.com /2003/0206/p07s01-woeu.html (740 words)

	Scoop: Select Com. Report on Street Prostitution Flawed
		Family First is disappointed that the Local Government and Environment Committee who heard submissions on the Manukau City Council (Control of Street Prostitution) Bill has recommended that it not be passed.
		“As well, there has been a large increase in street prostitution since the decriminalization of prostitution, and an increase in under-age prostitution, with reports of girls as young as 11 on the street being abused by purchasers of sex,” says Bob McCoskrie, National Director of Family First.
		- they believed that by criminalizing street prostitution, prostitutes would find it harder to leave the industry – yet there is no evidence that workers are leaving the industry now.
	www.scoop.co.nz /stories/PO0609/S00115.htm (967 words)

	STREET PROSTITUTION CONTROL: Some Canadian Reflections on the Finsbury Park Experience -- LOWMAN 32 (1): 1 -- British ...
		STREET PROSTITUTION CONTROL: Some Canadian Reflections on the Finsbury Park Experience -- LOWMAN 32 (1): 1 -- British Journal of Criminology
		he concludes that prostitution is much more opportunistic than
		of street prostitution has been intimately related to law enforcement
	bjc.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/32/1/1 (270 words)

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