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Topic: Strepsirhines

	Human Evolution - MSN Encarta
		Strepsirhine (meaning 'turned-nosed') primates—of which the living representatives include lemurs, lorises, and other groups of species all commonly known as prosimians—evolved earliest and are the most primitive forms of primates.
		Strepsirhines are the most primitive types of living primates.
		Strepsirhines share all of the basic characteristics of primates, although their brains are not particularly large or complex and they have a more elaborate and sensitive olfactory system (sense of smell) than do other primates.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761566394 (1223 words)

	Untitled Document
		Strepsirhine (meaning "wet nosed") primates -- of which the living representatives include lemurs, lorises, and other groups of species -- are all commonly known as prosimians.
		Strepsirhines are the most primitive of living primates.
		They share all of the basic characteristics of primates, although their brains are neither particularly large nor complex and they have a more elaborate and sensitive olfactory system (involved in the sense of smell) then do other primates.
	www.mnh.si.edu /anthro/humanorigins/faq/Encarta/primates.htm (3011 words)

	Natural History Collections: SUBORDER STREPSIRHINI
		Strepsirhines are a diverse group of small animals adapted to specialised ecological niches in Africa, Madagscar and Asia.
		Strepsirhines have special grooming tools to keep their woolly coats in good condition: a spatulate fur-grooming claw on the second digit of the foot and projecting tooth combs.
		Strepsirhines are distinguished from haplorhines by a number of physiological and morphological features of the inner ear, blood circulation and digestion.
	www.nhc.ed.ac.uk /index.php?page=24.134.165.310.513 (387 words)

	Untitled
		Strepsirhines primitively possess a postorbital bar, with the orbit confluent with the temporal fenestra; haplorhines have a closed postorbital region.
		Strepsirhini (lemurs, lorises, and galagos) are characterized by a specialized grooming claw on digit II of the foot and the presence of a "tooth comb" comprised of closely-packed, thin, cylindrical lower incisors and canines.
		Members of the Anthropoidea all have a larger braincase as compared to strepsirhines and tarsiers, the dentaries are fused to form a solid mandible (lower jaw), and all digits bear flat nails.
	ijolite.geology.uiuc.edu /02SprgClass/geo143/lectures/lect22.html (718 words)

	Evolution of Monkeys and Apes
		Whereas the strepsirhines used vision and smell about equally, haplorhines concentrated on their sense of vision at the expense of their sense of smell.
		The adapids were strepsirhines and were probably the ancestors of the living strepsirhines - lemurs and lorises.
		The brains of the strepsirhines and the tarsier have not kept up with this general increase in brain size among the mammals, so that they now have brains that are about the size of an average mammal.
	www.larryjzimmerman.com /origins/campus/lec14.html (3689 words)

	PRIMATES
		Strepsirhines have naked noses, lower incisors forming a toothcomb, and no plate separating orbit from temporal fossa.
		The second digit on the hind foot of many strepsirhines is modified to form a "toilet claw" used in grooming.
		Strepsirhines include mostly arboreal species with many primitive characteristics, but at the same time, some extreme specializations for particular modes of life.
	www.primates.com /primate (633 words)

	Strepsirrhini - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		If Chiromyiformes is to be considered as the sister only to the lemurs, then it must have evolved after the lemur/loris split 50 mya.
		The adapids are an extinct polyphyletic grouping that were most certainly prosimians and closely related to the strepsirhines.
		The omomyids are another extinct group of prosmians but they are believed to be haplorrhines, closely related to the tarsiers, but an outgroup to the rest of the haplorrhines.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Strepsirhine (614 words)

	Cheirogaleidae : dwarf lemurs and mouse lemurs
		As with other strepsirhines, they have a distinctive "toilet claw" on the second digit of their hind feet.
		Their thumb (pollex) is not as conspicuously separated from the other digits as in lemurs; and the third and fourth digits of both feet are similar in length.
		They have the typical strepsirhine tooth comb made up of lower incisors and canines, and their dental formula is 2/2, 1/1, 3/3, 3/3 = 36.
	www.primates.com /primate/cheirogaleidae.html (225 words)

	Primates as an Adaptive Array
		Strepsirhines have a moist, glandular area around the nostrils (the rhinarium), a division or gap in the superior border of each nostril, and a divided upper lip attached to gums by a membrane (the philtrum), and a separation between the upper central incisors.
		The strepsirhine eye has a tapetum lucidum, a layer of reflective tissue behind the retina which reflects light back toward the pupil, making the eyes of nocturnal mammals visible when caught by a spotlight in the dark or by the flash of a camera.
		Strepsirhines as a group retain a highly developed sense of smell that plays important roles in their social behaviors.
	uts.cc.utexas.edu /~bramblet/ant301/eight.html (9458 words)

	Natural History Collections: ORDER PRIMATES
		The lower primates or strepsirhines (suborder Strepsirhini) include lemurs, bush babies, lorises; the higher primates or haplorhines (suborder Haplorhini) include the tarsiers, Old and New World monkeys, apes and humans.
		Strepsirhines have moist noses; haplorhines have simple, dry noses.
		Strepsirhines have longer snouts, smaller brains and a more highly developed sense of smell than haplorhines.
	www.nhc.ed.ac.uk /index.php?page=24.134.166.504 (413 words)

	Order Primates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In some, including most strepsirhines (see next paragraph), the lower incisors form a toothcomb used in grooming and perhaps foraging.
		Strepsirhines have naked noses, lower incisors forming a toothcomb, and no plate separating orbit from temporal fossa.
		The second digit on the hind foot of many strepsirhines is modified to form a "toilet claw" used in grooming.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Sciences/Zoology/Animalclassification/OrderPrimates/OrderPrimates.htm (643 words)

	Brain Structures and Life-Span in Primate Species -- Allman et al. 90 (8): 3559 -- Proceedings of the National Academy ...
		In strepsirhine primates, when the effect of body weight is removed, total brain weight does not significantly correlate with either life-span or female reproductive age.
		The centromedial complex of the amygdala is the only structure to correlate with life-span in both strepsirhine and haplorhine primates.
		This structure participates in the regulation of blood pressure and in the stress response, which may be key factors governing life-span.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/short/90/8/3559 (379 words)

	SINE Insertions in Cladistic Analyses and the Phylogenetic Affiliations of Tarsius bancanus to Other Primates -- ...
		observed for the outgroup and the strepsirhine representatives.
		bancanus and anthropoids to the exclusion of the strepsirhine
		ancestor of strepsirhines and haplorhines to the tarsier branching
	www.genetics.org /cgi/content/full/157/2/777 (4438 words)

	Lemuridae : lemurs
		Lemurs have relatively small eyes compared to other strepsirhines, and their rostrum is relatively long.
		As strepsirhines, lemurs have the dental comb made up of lower incisors and canines that is typical of that group of primates.
		The second digit of the hind feet of most lemurs also has another general strepsirhine feature, an enlarged "toilet claw" used in grooming.
	www.primates.com /primate/lemuridae.html (389 words)

	Daubentoniidae : the aye-aye
		Unlike all other strepsirhines, they lack a toothcomb.
		They do not use the "vertical clinging and leaping" style of locomotion common to many other strepsirhines.
		Little is known about their social behavior; aye-ayes are usually seen singly or in pairs.
	www.primates.com /primate/daubentoniidae.html (358 words)

	Lindenfors & Tullberg 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		An independent contrast analysis of male and female size (log weight) showed that these are tightly correlated and that size dimorphism is not a simple allometric function of size.
		We found no relationship between mating system and sexual dimorphism in strepsirhines but a strong relationship in haplorhines.
		By matched-pairs analysis, where sister groups were matched according to whether the mating system predicted higher or lower intra-sexual selection on male size, haplorhine species in more polygynous clades (with a predicted higher sexual selection) were significantly more dimorphic, had larger males, and also, but to a lesser degree, larger females.
	www.zoologi.su.se /research/lindenfors/Abstracts/98BJLS-64Sv.html (324 words)

	Comparative Placentation
		Mossman (1987) indicated that placentation of this genus is similar to other strepsirhines in being diffuse, villous and epitheliochorial but that little is known about it.
		There is, however, a very detailed report of two uteri near the end of pregnancy that were well preserved and are superbly illustrated (Hill and Burne, 1922).
		Tattersall, I.: Systematics of the Malagasy strepsirhine primates.
	medicine.ucsd.edu /cpa/aye.htm (1806 words)

	Rainforest Canopy - Primates
		The mainland lemur lineage in Africa, Europe, and North America, who were not isolated from evolutionary changes of the world, were quickly out competed by the monkeys and driven to extinction.
		Only the enclave of lemurs on Madagascar survived, although some Strepsirhines (Bushbabies, lorises, and pottos) managed to pull though by retaining their nocturnal, solitary, and insectivorous traits.
		Since their arrival, the lemurs of Madagascar have been free to radiate into the large island's many niches without much competition or predation, and some have developed adaptations similar to those of monkeys, including forming social groups, being herbivorous, and being active by day.
	www.mongabay.com /0410.htm (1877 words)

	Phylogeny (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Strepsirhines have the ancestral rhinarium (like a dog's nose).
		Although lemuriforms live in large groups, such groups are amorphous, lacking definitive heirarchies or clear patterns of organization.
		Tarsiers, although possessing less in the way of olfactory sense than the strepsirhines, have social structures similar to lorises and thus have no need of complex social identification systems.
	instruct1.cit.cornell.edu /courses/bionb424/students2004/npr3/phylogeny_workpage.htm (435 words)

	Amazon.com: "living strepsirhines": Key Phrase page
		Strepsirhines Living strepsirhines are united by at least three specialized features of "hard anatomy" that can be identified in fossils: their unusual dental...
		Of the living strepsirhines, the majority are lemurs, living exclusively in Madagascar, and we'll come to them in the tale that follows.
		However, he thought that all other living strepsirhines, including the Lorisidae, belong in a single infraorder, the Lemuriformes.
	www.amazon.com /phrase/living-strepsirhines (338 words)

	Aegyptopithecus zeuxis
		This species had a relatively small brain compared to other haplorrhines (Fleagle, 1988); the cranial capacity was about 30 cc (Conroy, 1990).
		Although the brain is advanced as compared to strepsirhines in having an expanded visual cortex, comparatively small olfactory bulbs, and a central sulcus (Conroy, 1990).
		The humerus has a head which faces posteriorly and is narrower than primates which practice suspensory behavior (Conroy, 1990).
	members.tripod.com /cacajao/aegyptopithecus_zeuxis.html (477 words)

	An Objective Time Based Phylogenetic Classification that Places Chimpanzees, Bonobos, and Humans in the Genus Homo
		For example the nonfunctional noncoding DNA evolution rate is almost twice as fast in loriform strepsirhines than in lemuriform strepsirhines (Bonner et al., 1980, 1981; Koop et al., 1989; Porter et al., 1997a).
		The age of 40 Ma for the LCA of platyrrhines and catarrhines served as the starting date for estimating the divergence dates for lineages within the platyrrhine clade.
		The age of 63 Ma for the LCA of strepsirhines and haplorhines served as the starting date for estimating the divergence dates for lineages within the strepsirhine clade and also for the haplorhine lineage to tarsiers.
	www.uchicago.edu /aff/mwc-amacad/biocomplexity/MGPAPER.html (4332 words)

	Primate Classification (Handout)
		Be familiar with the characteristics of the major taxa (suborders, infraorders, families, some subfamilies) of primates and, where known, their function/adaptive significance.
		Be familiar with the olfactory and visual characteristics of strepsirhines and haplorhines; how do they relate to their activity patterns?
		Know the processes that affect genetic variation within and between populations.
	www.csus.edu /indiv/s/strasserm/154_SG_EX1_s04.htm (393 words)

	Daubentoniidae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Unlike all other strepsirhines, they lack a toothcomb.
		They do not use the "vertical clinging and leaping" style of locomotion common to many other strepsirhines.
		Little is known about their social behavior; aye-ayes are usually seen singly or in pairs.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Sciences/Zoology/Animalclassification/OrderPrimates/Daubentoniidae.htm (372 words)

	Amazon.com: "extant strepsirhines": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Here, however, it is argued that the only feature that distinguishes Adapiformes as a group apart from extant strepsirhines is its members' greater antiquity.
		poids is to note that they demonstrate about as much diversity in body mass as does the extant platyrrhines or extant strepsirhines,...
		Extant strepsirhines (prosimians such as lemurs and lorises) have some form of tooth comb, as well as laterally split nostrils, a rhinerium...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/extant-strepsirhines (319 words)

	WPRC Library & Information Service: Books Received
		The descriptions begin with the Lorisidae and the other Strepsirhines and continue on through the Haplorhines, culminating in the Hominidae.
		At the end of the volume, Nowak has provided taxonomic, morphological, physiological, behavioral and conservation data on 279 species of primate.
		Furthermore, the ambiguous use of the terms "prosimians" and "strepsirhines" when discussing tarsier phylogeny could mislead readers.
	library.primate.wisc.edu /collections/books/hogan.html (1014 words)

	Student Questions and Answers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		There is no clear dichotomy between strepsirhines and haplorhines in terms of the duration of gestation.
		Although certain lemurs (especially mouse lemurs and Varecia) have notably brief gestations compared to haplorhines of similar body size, most strepsirhines overlap with haplorhines.
		Thus haplorhines have havier offspring than strepsirhines even when you take into account the mother's body size and the length of gestation.
	www.columbia.edu /ccnmtl/draft/gumarang/v1011_spring_2000/stud_qa.html (1427 words)

	Social Research: Primate Faces and Facial Expressions - )
		A simple yet scientifically sound means to distinguish primates is by their noses.
		The strepsirhines are characterized by a rhinarium, a moist patch of mucous skin on the tip of the pointed nose, extending down to the upper lip, which is used to smell and taste.
		Since they share the rhinarium with other orders of mammals, for instance the carnivores, the strepsirhines are considered the most ancestral group of primates.
	www.findarticles.com /cf_1/m2267/1_67/62402557/p1/article.jhtml (1483 words)

	IPS 2004 Symposia
		In this symposium we shall bring together recent advances from a range of disciplines that will help to elucidate the evolution and functional significance of trichromatic vision.
		Most New World primates, and some strepsirhines, make excellent models to understand colour vision as they are polymorphic.
		Trichromatic vision is achieved through the presence of multiple alleles at a single X-chromosome-linked opsin locus, and therefore only heterozygous females can be trichromatic; homozygous females and males are dichromatic.
	www.ips2004.unito.it /Sym_BuchananSmith.html (448 words)

	Tramadol, buy tramadol, antibiotics, Weight Loss drugs, weight loss herbs, weight loss herbal formula, hair loss, hair ...
		OBJECTIVE: To identify a technique for measurement of glycated hemoglobin percentage in blood samples obtained from various species of nonhuman primates (NHPs), to determine whether these percentages varied with respect to glycemic control, and to assess whether this physiologic variable provided a suitable test for diagnosing diabetes mellitus in NHPs.
		SAMPLE POPULATION: 166 blood samples collected from 121 NHPs comprising 22 species from the Haplorhine and Strepsirhine suborders and including nondiabetic, treated-diabetic, and diabetic animals in 23 zoologic institutions throughout the United States.
		Until reference ranges are established for each species, it is recommended that results for samples from NHPs without clinical signs of diabetes mellitus be compared with results of samples collected concomitantly from NHPs with clinical signs of this condition.
	hair-loss-stop.com /ref-hemoglobin/hemoglobin-research-abs5.382.html (1887 words)

	ADW: Cheirogaleidae: Information
		The Cheirogaleidae is a small family of small (60 g to around 1 kg), mouse-like strepsirhines, sometimes considered to be a subfamily of the Lemuridae (although affinities with the lorids have also been suggested).
		Their hind foot has an elongated calcaneus and navicular.
		As with other strepsirhines, they have a distinctive "
	animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu /site/accounts/information/Cheirogaleidae.html (399 words)

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