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Topic: Strepsirrhine

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Strepsirrhini

Prosimian

Haplorhini

Simiiformes

Simian

Haplorrhini

Lorisidae

Omomyid

Atelidae

Tarsier

Tamarin

Lar Gibbon

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Monkey

Pitheciidae

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	Strepsirrhini - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Strepsirrhines are considered to have more primitive features and adaptations than their haplorrhine ("dry-nose") cousins.
		With the exception of the Aye-aye, all strepsirrhines have a dental comb - tightly clustered incisors and canine teeth - that is used for grooming.
		Another grooming adaptation is a claw on the second toe of all strepsirrhines, while the big toe is widely separated from the others allowing a vise-like grip for locomotion.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Strepsirrhine (614 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Strepsirrhini (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Strepsirrhines are considered to have more primitive features and adaptations than their haplorrhine ("dry-nose", in Greek "simple nose") cousins.
		With the exception of the Aye-aye, all strepsirrhines have a dental comb—tightly clustered incisors and canine teeth—that is used for grooming.
		It is placed in its own infraorder (Chiromyiformes), and it is uncertain whether this infraorder split off from the ancestral strepsirrhine line before the lemurs and lorises, or after.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Strepsirrhini (2310 words)

	Strepsirrhini - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Strepsirrhines are considered to have more primitive features and adaptations than their haplorrhine ("dry-nose", in Greek "simple nose") cousins.
		With the exception of the Aye-aye, all strepsirrhines have a dental comb—tightly clustered incisors and canine teeth—that is used for grooming.
		If the Aye-aye represents a form that is ancestral to all the rest of Strepsirrhini, then it evolved away from the strepsirrhine line between 63 million years ago (mya) (when the strepsirrhines split from the primitive primate line) and 50 mya (the lemur/loris split).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Strepsirrhine (740 words)

	Evolution and Function of Frontal Sinuses in Strepsirrhine Primates
		Frontal pneumatisations are reconstructed to have evolved in the lineage leading to the Malagasy lemurs and in the haplorrhines either once, in the anthropoid stem lineage or twice later during the evolution of the clade.
		Presence and relative size of frontal sinuses in strepsirrhines were analysed within both a traditional and a phylogenetic comparative framework in order to test a range of hypotheses derived from the literature.
		Strepsirrhines were used as a model to test whether the presence of a frontal sinus is associated with ecological, morphological or behavioural determinants that could support one of the formulated hypotheses.
	www.research.unizh.ch /p3678.htm (468 words)

	Scientists debate meaning of 40-million-year-old primate fossils in Nature
		The well-preserved teeth date from about 40 million years ago, twice as old as the already known fossils for these two groups of primates.
		In Karanisia, the teeth at the front of the lower jaw formed a toothcomb like that typically seen in living strepsirrhine primates, which includes bushbabies, lorises and lemurs, as one of their defining characteristics.
		"One possibility is that the strepsirrhine primates originally inhabited Indo-Madagascar, rather than Africa, and that lemurs became isolated when Madagascar separated from India," Martin says.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2003-03/fm-sdm032103.php (673 words)

	Strepsirrhine info here at en.articles-by-ken-blanchard.info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Strepsirrhines are mediated to have more primitive spotlights und adaptations than their haplorrhine ("dry-nose", in Greek "simple nose") cousins.
		With the repudiation of the Aye-aye, complete strepsirrhines have a dental combâ”tightly clustered incisors und canine teethâ”that is used for grooming.
		Strepsirrhine reproduction is bes distinct conspicuously compared to haplorrhine reproduction.
	en.articles-by-ken-blanchard.info /Strepsirrhine (779 words)

	Haplorrhini (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Haplorrhines are considered to be less primitive than the strepsirrhines, the other suborder of primates.
		Despite similar gestation periods, haplorrhine newborns are relatively much larger than strepsirrhine newborns, but have a longer dependence period on their other.
		The remaining clade is the infraorder Simiiformes (formerly Anthropoidea), which is made up of the Platyrrhini (the New World monkeys) and Catarrhini (the Old World monkeys, apes, and humans).
	www.free-download-soft.com /info/haplorrhine.html (403 words)

	Evolution and Function of Frontal Sinuses in Strepsirrhine Primates
		The goal of this study was to produce a comprehensive summary of frontal sinus occurrence across primate taxa and to test current hypotheses of frontal sinus function within the strepsirrhines.
		For that purpose, a comprehensive range of strepsirrhine as well as several haplorrhine skulls were radiographed and literature data was collected on primate frontal pneumatisation.
		Whether the functions postulated for the frontal sinuses in strepsirrhines can be extrapolated to all primates remains unclear but it seems quite evident that frontal pneumatisation serves a function in at least some of the primate taxa.
	www.research-projects.unizh.ch /p3678.htm (468 words)

	Omnipelagos.com ~ article "Strepsirrhini"
		Instead of an individual cycle, strepsirrhines have a breeding season.
		The other three families are split with the lorises, pottos and the galagos in the Lorisiformes infraorder, and the Aye-aye alone in its own family.
		The strepsirrhine phylogeny has also been elucidated by Retrotransposon presence/absence data.
	www.omnipelagos.com /entry?n=strepsirrhini (680 words)

	anthropoidea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The omomyids are an extinct group of prosimians, believed to be more closely related to the tarsiers than to any strepsirrhines, and are considered the most primitive haplorrhines.
		Haplorrhines are considered to be less primitive than the strepsirrhine "wet-nosed" primates (whose Greek name means "curved nose"), the other suborder of primates.
		Despite similar gestation periods, haplorrhine newborns are relatively much larger than strepsirrhine newborns, but have a longer dependence period on their mother.
	www.greatbigjackpot.com /wiki/?title=Anthropoidea (514 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Their upper lip is not directly connected to their nose or gum, allowing a large range of facial expressions.
		Their brain to body ratio is significantly greater than the strepsirrhines, and their primary sense is vision.
		Most species are diurnal (the exceptions being the tarsiers and the night monkeys) and have trichromatic color vision.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Haplorrhini (559 words)

	Primate Genetics
		They are said to be more "primitive" than other primates, because some of their anatomical characteristics are found in some other mammals, but not in haplorrhines.
		Furthermore, these data can be used to evaluate the taxonomic status of strepsirrhine taxa and to date specific branching events.
		Within strepsirrhines, Alu and tRNA-derived SINEs are probably the best type of transposition events to solve taxonomic as well as biogeographic questions.
	www.dpz.gwdg.de /genetik/projects.html (1438 words)

	Ayeaye - Endangered Raptiles & Creatures - care4nature.org ...
		The aye-aye's large ears probably help in the detection of larvae hidden under the bark of dead branches; once found, the larvae are exposed by ripping off part of the overlaying bark with the incisors.
		The aye-aye is the only strepsirrhine that lacks the dental comb and toilet claw.
		The incisors, reduced to a single pair in each jaw, are huge and open-rooted, so that they grow throughout life; they are used for gnawing away the bark of trees to get at the grubs on which the aye-aye feed.
	www.care4nature.org /ecoinfo/endspecies/ayeaye.htm (342 words)

	Potto - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Potto (Perodicticus potto) is a strepsirrhine primate from the Lorisidae family.
		The index finger is vestigal, although they have opposable thumbs with which they grasp branches firmly.
		Potto, Habitat, Physiology, Locomotion and diet, Territorial and reproductive behaviour, Predators and defences, Cognition and social behaviour, Pottos in human culture, References, External links, Domesticated animals, Endangered species, Critically endangered species, Prosimians and Wildlife of Africa.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Potto (1014 words)

	Genus Perodicticus or potto
		Müller, 1766) The Potto (Perodicticus potto) is a strepsirrhine primate from the Loridae family.
		Behavior: The rarely sighted potto is nocturnal, spending the daylight hours dozing in the branches of trees, curled up with its head between its legs.
		The Potto (Perodicticus potto) is a strepsirrhine primate from the Loridae family.
	www.thewebsiteofeverything.com /animals/mammals/Primates/Loridae/Perodicticus/index.html (284 words)

	IngentaConnect Evolution of activity patterns and chromatic vision in primates: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Recently, primates have been hypothesized to be primitively diurnal, based in part on the distribution of color-sensitive photoreceptor opsin genes and active trichromatic color vision in several extant strepsirrhines, as well as anthropoid primates (Tan and Li, 1999 Nature402, 36; Li, 2000 Am.
		If diurnality is primitive for all primates then the functional and adaptive significance of aspects of strepsirrhine retinal morphology and other adaptations of the primate visual system such as high acuity stereopsis, have been misinterpreted for decades.
		Diurnality, and possibly X-linked polymorphic trichromacy, evolved at least in the stem lineage of Anthropoidea, or the stem lineage of all haplorhines.
	www.ingentaconnect.com /content/ap/hu/2001/00000040/00000002/art00447 (373 words)

	Pakistani finding, global impact -DAWN Science; June 11, 2005
		One of the most enigmatic questions in primate evolution is when and how strepsirrhine lemurs first arrived in Madagascar, and their unexpected presence on the Indian subcontinent provides a greater puzzle.
		A pertinent question then arises about the direction of that migration, which depends on the geographic location considered wherein strepsirrhine were likely to have originated.
		In that frame, two intercontinental migration of lemurs are required: an initial eastwards migration of the African ancestral lemuriform to Madagascar and a subsequent northward migration of an ancestral Malagasy cheirogaleid to India.
	www.dawn.com /weekly/science/archive/050611/science1.htm (1299 words)

	Primate jumping genes elucidate strepsirrhine phylogeny -- Roos et al. 101 (29): 10650 -- Proceedings of the National ...
		in strepsirrhine evolution is the phylogenetic position of the
		Phylogenetic relationships among 35 species of strepsirrhines as obtained from mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence data.
		the evolution of diurnality and cathemerality in strepsirrhines.
	171.66.122.165 /cgi/content/full/101/29/10650 (2793 words)

	Additional remains of Wadilemur elegans, a primitive stem galagid from the late Eocene of Egypt -- Seiffert et al. 102 ...
		Miocene-to-Recent stem and crown galagids, to the exclusion
		strepsirrhine (44, 45) phylogeny, were scored for 100 living
		and as a stem strepsirrhine in the unordered analysis.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/102/32/11396 (4563 words)

	Discovery Channel :: News :: A New Primate Cousin for Humans? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The extinct animal sheds light on its living relatives that include the bush babies (lorises, pottos, galagos and tarsiers) and lemurs, which are the last living link to the ancient primates that are themselves linked to the primate lineage that evolved into humans.
		"The tarsiers and the higher primates, or anthropoids, have changed so radically from the last common ancestor that we shared with strepsirrhines that small lemurs, such as mouse lemurs, and the more generalized galagos, are the best living analogues for our common primate ancestor," said Erik Seiffert, who led the study.
		Seiffert, a curator and lecturer in palaeobiology and palaeoenvironments at the University of Oxford, and his team analyzed recently uncovered femur, jawbone and molars for Wadilemur elegans.
	dsc.discovery.com /news/briefs/20050808/lemur.html (281 words)

	Molecular Remodeling of Members of the Relaxin Family During Primate Evolution -- Klonisch et al. 18 (3): 393 -- ...
		and Malagasy strepsirrhine lineage and the galagoid RLF nested
		Strepsirrhine prorelaxin and RLF are nested in outgroups to corresponding primate sequences, suggesting independent molecular remodeling of both members of the relaxin family within the strepsirrhine clade.
		Differential splicing and expression of the relaxin-like factor gene in reproductive tissues of the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus).
	mbe.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/18/3/393 (4505 words)

	Diane K. Brockman
		Research into the endocrinology of fatherhood has focused on only a small subset of naturally paternal mammals, and none has examined the possibility that strepsirrhine males, particularly those who are known to interact with infants, also engage in PRL-mediated paternal behavior.
		Dr. Patricia L. Whitten (Emory University) and I are developing radioimmunoassay techniques for quantifying PRL in sifaka, representing the essential first step toward a broader investigation of the neuroendocrine basis of paternal behavior in strepsirrhines.
		Whitten P.L. and Brockman D.K. (2001) Strepsirrhine reproductive ecology.
	www.baa.duke.edu /FacPages/brockman.html (933 words)

	Family Cheirogaleidae or dwarf lemurs and mouse lemurs
		Cheirogaleidae Family The Cheirogaleidae is a small family of small (60 g to around 1 kg), mouse-like strepsirhines, sometimes considered to be a subfamily of the Lemuridae (although affinities with the lorids have also been suggested).
		Cheirogaleidae is the family strepsirrhine primates that contains the various dwarf lemurs and mouse-lemurs.
		Mirza Allocebus Phaner Cheirogaleidae is the family strepsirrhine primates that contains the various dwarf lemurs and mouse-lemurs.
	www.thewebsiteofeverything.com /animals/mammals/Primates/Cheirogaleidae (662 words)

	Conclusion - Lemurs of Madagascar
		This finding introduces “the role of the Indian subcontinent in the early diversification of lemurs and constrains paleobiologic models of Strepsirrhine lemur evolution” (Marivaux et al.
		Rumpler, Y. (2004) Complementary Approaches of Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology to the Taxonomy and Study of Speciation Processes in Lemurs.
		Yoder, A.D. (1997) Back to the future: a synthesis of strepsirrhine systematics.
	locker.uky.edu /~mpsrin2/lemur/lemur4.htm (645 words)

	SICB - 2004 meeting - Abstract Details (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		FRANZ, T.M.; DEMES, B.; CARLSON, K.J.; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook University; Stony Brook University: The kinetics of leaping in strepsirrhine* primates
		This study explores the forces associated with leaping in two primate species and how they compare to forces of nonprimate mammals performing similar tasks.
		Our data are consistent with the idea that primates, being an arboreal radiation in a fine branch niche, adopt movement patterns that keep substrate forces low, and partially support previous findings of hind limb dominance in primate locomotion.
	www.sicb.org /meetings/2004/schedule/abstractdetails.php3?id=312 (279 words)

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