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Topic: Streptococcus pneumoniae

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Pneumonia

Streptococcus

Streptococci

Streptococcus pyogenes

Microcephaly

Group A streptococcal infection

Epithelial cells

Cell wall

Haemophilus influenzae

Streptococcus viridans

Antibiotic

Macrophage

Meningitis

	[No title]
		Pneumonia is a disease of the lung that is caused by a variety of bacteria including Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Haemophilus, Chlamydia and Mycoplasma, several viruses, and certain fungi and protozoans.
		Lobar pneumonia involves all of a single lobe of the lungs (although more than one lobe may be involved), wherein the entire area of involvement tends to become a consolidated mass, in contrast to the spongy texture of normal lung tissue.
		Streptococcus pneumoniae is known in medical microbiology as the pneumococcus, referring to its morphology and its consistent involvement in pneumonia This article deals with pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae,or pneumococcal pneumonia.
	textbookofbacteriology.net /S.pneumoniae.html (3248 words)

	Streptococcus pneumoniae - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Streptococcus pneumoniae is a species of Streptococcus that is a major human pathogen.
		It was renamed Streptococcus pneumoniae in 1974 because of its growth in chains in liquid media.
		In 1936, a pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine was used to abort an epidemic of pneumococcal pneumonia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Streptococcus_pneumoniae (1391 words)

	Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms easily ...
		Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus): A type of bacterium that comes in pairs and is shaped like a lancet (a surgical knife with a short wide two-edged blade).
		Pneumococcus is the leading cause of bacterial pneumonia and otitis media (middle ear infections) and an important contributor to bacterial meningitis.
		"Pneumoniae" refers to its propensity to settle in the lungs and cause pneumonia.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11270 (223 words)

	Penicillin Resistant Streptococcus Pneumoniae (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Pneumoniae is defined by the National Comittee for Clinical Laboratory Standards in America as those isolates that are only inhibited by penicillin concentrations greater than 2.0 µg/ml.
		Pneumoniae is often carried asymptomatically in the nose and throat, however it may opportunistically cause a variety of infections.
		Pneumoniae cause infections when the high natural resistance to them is reduced by abnormalities of the respiratory tract, intoxication with alcohol or drugs, abnormal circulation (such as heart failure or pulmonary congestion) or by various other mechanisms.
	www.portfolio.mvm.ed.ac.uk /studentwebs/session3/36/sp.htm (367 words)

	Medmicro Chapter 13
		As S pneumoniae colonies age, viability is lost during fermentative growth in the absence of catalase and peroxidase because of the accumulation of peroxide.
		Early-onset neonatal disease (associated with sepsis, meningitis and pneumonia at 6d life) is thought to be transmitted vertically from the mother; late-onset (from 7d to 3 mos age) meningitis is acquired horizontally, in some instances as a nosocomial infection.
		Although antibiotic resistance among S pneumoniae was infrequent in the United States, a major shift occurred from 1988 to 1990, resulting in the present situation of 15-25% of S pneumoniae intermediately or completely resistant to penicillin.
	gsbs.utmb.edu /microbook/ch013.htm (7715 words)

	Streptococcus Pneumoniae-Pneumonia
		Pneumoniae is a type of bacteria that can cause a wide rage of diseases.
		If you develop pneumonia, your chances of a fast recovery are greatest under certain conditions: "if you're young, if your pneumonia is caught early, if your defenses against disease are working well, if the infection hasn't spread, and if you're not suffering from other illnesses".
		Because pneumonia is a common complication of influenza (flu), getting a flu shot every fall is good pneumonia prevention.
	www.lcusd.net /lchs/mewoldsen/alee.html (547 words)

	Pneumococcus
		Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is a bacteria that causes many different kinds of infections in people, ranging from ear infections and sinus infections to pneumonia, meningitis, and sepsis.
		Although the names (and bacterial genuses) are similar, S. pneumoniae is quite different from group A streptococcus (the bacteria that causes strep throat and rheumatic fever).
		And it's a pretty common bug to be infected with: pneumococci are the most common cause of ear infections and sinus infections, as well as the most common bacteria found in the blood of children under 2 years old with fevers, many of whom have no obvious site of infection.
	www.drreddy.com /shots/pneumococcus.html (688 words)

	BacMap: Bacterial Genome Atlas
		The capsule of Streptococcus pyogenes is chemically similar to that of it's host's connective tissue, and therefore, is nonantigenic, and it's cytoplasmic membrane has antigens similar to human cardiac skeletal and smooth muscle.
		Pneumonia can be caused by a barrage of different things including viruses and fungi, but is most commonly caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae (mentioned above in the genome section) also called pneumococcus, which is the only type of pneumonia for which there is a vaccine.
		pneumoniae are often present in healthy throats and only develop into a serious infection when the host's defenses are depleted due to such factors as old age, illness (i.e.
	wishart.biology.ualberta.ca /BacMap/cgi/getSpeciesCard.cgi?accession=NC_003028&ref=index_2.html (672 words)

	Streptococcus pneumoniae
		It is by far the most common cause of bacterial pneumonia and meningitis.
		Due to Choline-Binding Proteins (CBP's), the pneumococcal cells are extremely resistant to phagocytosis, thus the growing colonies create an inflammatory response in the lungs. As the cells lyse in response to intercellular defense mechanisms and antibiotics, they release additional proteins that further increase tissue inflammation.
		Symptoms of bacterial pneumonia include fever, chills, general feeling of malaise, cough, and chest pain.
	www.historique.net /microbes/pneumoniae.html (316 words)

	Disease Listing, Streptococcus, Technical Information \| CDC Bacterial, Mycotic Diseases
		Pneumonia, bacteremia, otitis media (OM), meningitis, peritonitis and sinusitis
		pneumoniae infections caused 60,000 cases of invasive disease each year and up to 40% of these were caused by pneumococci non-susceptible to at least one drug.
		These figures have decreased substantially following the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for children.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/drugresisstreppneum_t.htm (393 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary
		in horses, an infectious disease characterized by a mucopurulent inflammation of the respiratory mucous membrane, with lymph node abscesses, and caused by Streptococcus equi.
		It is the most common cause of lobar pneumonia and also causes numerous other serious acute pyogenic disorders, such as meningitis, septicemia, empyema, and peritonitis.
		(strep”to-kok´əs) pl. streptococ´ci An organism of the genus Streptococcus.
	www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_s_25zPzhtm (4303 words)

	Streptococcus (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The gene sequence for the circular chromosomes of twelves pecies of streptococci have been sequenced: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae 2603 V/R, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus thermophilus CNRZ1066, Streptococcus thermophilus LMG 18311, and Streptococcus pyogenes.
		Streptococcus suis, a species of Streptococci found in pigs, has recently caused a rash of human infections in China.
		Streptococcus pneumoniae resistance to erythromycin and penicillin in relation to macrolide and ß-lactam consumption in Spain (1979–1997).
	biology.kenyon.edu /Microbial_Biorealm/bacteria/gram-positive/streptococcus/streptococcus.htm?name=Streptococcaceae (1205 words)

	S.Pneumoniae
		pneumoniae may go directly to the meninges, or it may be aspirated into the lungs, spread to the blood and traverse the blood-brain barrier [30, 37].
		Figure 3: In the brain of a patient with acute meningitis from Streptococcus pneumoniae, a purulent exudate is visible beneath the meninges.
		pneumoniae becomes deadly due to the precipitation of the inflammatory response created when the pneumococci die, leaving their cell walls to disintegrate and releasing components such as pneumolysin [33].
	www.brown.edu /Courses/Bio_160/Projects1999/bmenin/spneu.html (1573 words)

	FAQ: Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Streptococcus pneumoniae is a bacterium that causes respiratory infections in children and adults as well as meningitis.
		It is common in adults and the most frequent cause of pneumonia among the elderly and those not able to fight off infections.
		Streptococcus pneumoniae is found in the nose and throat of 10 - 40 % of healthy people without causing any symptoms of illness in these people.
	microbiology.mtsinai.on.ca /faq/pneumofaq.shtml (608 words)

	Streptococcus pneumoniae PIML
		Description: This genome is an avirulent strain of Streptococcus pneumoniae (1).
		Approximately 5% of the genome is composed of insertion sequences that may contribute to genome rearrangements through uptake of foreign DNA (2).
		Genome of the bacterium Streptococcus pneumoniae strain R6.
	www.nmpdr.org /index.php?id=59 (155 words)

	Streptococcus pneumoniae OligoDetect®: 3014i
		The Light Diagnostics Streptococcus pneumoniae OligoDetect® is intended for use in the qualitative detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae DNA generated by an in-house validated in vitro nucleic acid amplification of the pneumolysin gene.
		The Light Diagnostics Streptococcus pneumoniae OligoDetect® assay is a hybridization capture assay designed to detect amplified nucleic acid specific to the pneumolysin gene.
		One 96-well capture plate for the detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae amplicon is provided with removable strips (blue) in a vacuum-sealed pouch with desiccant.
	www.chemicon.com /Product/ProductDataSheet.asp?ProductItem=3014i (865 words)

	Streptococcus Pneumoniae (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Although S. pneumoniae infections involving other normally sterile sites such as joint, pleural, or peritoneal fluid are sometimes considered invasive, these infections are not intended for inclusion under this surveillance system.
		Confirmed: A clinically compatible case caused by laboratory-confirmed S. pneumoniae identified as "non-susceptible" according to MIC interpretive breakpoints as outlined in NCCLS guidelines for susceptibility testing to any antimicrobial agent currently approved for use in treating pneumococcal infection*.
		Comment: NCCLS recommends that all invasive S. pneumoniae isolates that are found to be "possibly resistant" to beta-lactams (i.e., an oxacillin zone size of <20mm) by oxacillin screening should undergo further susceptibility testing using a quantitative MIC method acceptable for penicillin, extended spectrum cephalosporins, and other drugs as clinically indicated.
	wdhfs.state.wy.us /dx_criteria/streppneu.htm (179 words)

	Streptococcus pneumoniae
		The Streptococcus pneumoniae TIGR4 genome page is provided by TIGR (The Institute of Genome Research) as part of their Comprehensive Microbial Resource, a tool that allows the researcher to access all of the bacterial genome sequences completed to date.
		The Streptococcus pneumoniae genome page is provided by The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, as part of a microbial sequencing effort focusing on pathogens and model organisms.
		The Streptococcus pneumoniae strain R6 genome page is provided by TIGR (The Institute of Genome Research) as part of their Comprehensive Microbial Resource, a tool that allows the researcher to access all of the bacterial genome sequences completed to date.
	bioresearch.ac.uk /browse/mesh/D013296.html (734 words)

	PENICILLIN RESISTANCE IN STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE ISOLATED (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Penicillin Resistance in Streptococcus Pneumoniae Isolated in the Balcaly Hospital in Adana, Turkey
		The antibiotics evaluated for S. pneumoniae and found on both of the panels are penicillin, amoxicillin/ clavulanate, ampicillin, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and vancomycin.
		Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Finland, 1987-1990.
	ams.cu.edu.tr /January1997Vol6No1/penicill.htm (1793 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Streptococcus pneumoniae - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Streptococcus pneumoniae (medical condition): Bacteria causing ear infections, pneumococcal pneumonia, and pneumococcal meningitis.
		Streptococcus pneumoniae : gram positive organism found in the upper respiratory tract, inflammatory exudates, and various body fluids of normal and /or diseased humans and, rarely, domestic animals.
		Streptococcus pneumoniae: Another name for Pneumococcus (or close medical condition association).
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/streptococcus_pneumoniae.htm (178 words)

	Streptococcus pneumoniae
		Streptococcus pneumoniae (pronounced strep-toh-KOK-us nu-mo-nee-AY-ee; also known as pneumococcus or pneumococcal bacteria) causes pneumococcal infections and affects children and adults worldwide.
		pneumoniae infects the upper respiratory tract and can cause pneumonia, as well as infections in other parts of the body such as in the bloodstream (bacteremia), lining of the brain and spinal cord (meningitis), bones (osteomyelitis), joints (arthritis), ears (otitis media) and sinuses (sinusitis).
		pneumoniae is mostly through the spread of respiratory droplets from the nose or mouth of a person with a pneumococcal infection or from people (especially children) who carry the bacteria in their throats without being ill.
	www.antigenics.com /diseases/streppneumo.html (453 words)

	p000906a - Streptococcus Pneumoniae, Resistance
		Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of illness, and the emergence of drug-resistant strains threatens to complicate the management of pneumococcal infections.
		From January through October 1994, pneumococcal isolates from 431 patients with invasive disease in metropolitan Atlanta were serotyped and tested to determine their susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents.
		Drug-resistant strains of S. pneumoniae are common among both children and adults in Atlanta.
	www.emory.edu /WHSCL/grady/amreport/litsrch00/p000906a.html (355 words)

	Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococci
		pneumoniae (figure 1) is a leading cause of pneumonia in all ages (particularly the young and old), often after "damage" to the upper respiratory tract (e.g.
		It is difficult to distinguish normal alpha streptococci found in the mouth from the pathogenic Streptococcus pneumoniae.
		Cultures of Staphylococcus aureus (left) and Streptococcus pyogenes (right) were grown on blood agar plates for 16 h at 37 degrees.
	pathmicro.med.sc.edu /fox/strep-staph.htm (936 words)

	S. Pneumo
		pneumoniae produce autolytic enzymes which cause partial destruction of the cell wall.
		pneumoniae is greatly enhanced by the addition of bile or sodium deoxycholate to a broth culture (bile solubility test).
		pneumoniae is most infectious during the course of other infections.
	web.indstate.edu /thcme/micro/s-pneum2.html (324 words)

	Medical Dictionary: Streptococcus pneumoniae disease - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Streptococcus pneumoniae disease (medical condition): Bacteria causing ear infections, pneumococcal pneumonia, and pneumococcal meningitis.
		Streptococcus pneumoniae disease: Another name for Pneumococcus (or close medical condition association).
		Streptococcus pneumoniae disease: Streptococcus pneumoniae disease is listed as a type of (or associated with) the following medical conditions in our database: Streptococcal infection
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /medical/streptococcus_pneumoniae_disease.htm (137 words)

	Streptococcus pneumoniae (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This organism is the cause of Bob's pneumonia.
		This organism is the most common cause of typical pneumonia in adults.
		This organism is a gram positive diplococcus on gram stain.
	www.kcom.edu /faculty/chamberlain/Website/Roberts/bugs/strp.htm (48 words)

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