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Topic: Streptococcus pyogenes

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	Streptococcus
		Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A streptococcus) is a Gram-positive, nonmotile, nonsporeforming coccus that occurs in chains or in pairs of cells.
		Acute Streptococcus pyogenes infections may present as pharyngitis (strep throat), scarlet fever (rash), impetigo (infection of the superficial layers of the skin) or cellulitis (infection of the deep layers of the skin).
		pyogenes is thought to result from a failure in the constitutive defenses (normal flora and other nonspecific defense mechanisms) which allows establishment of the bacterium at a portal of entry (often the upper respiratory tract or the skin) where the organism multiplies and causes an inflammatory purulent lesion.
	www.textbookofbacteriology.net /streptococcus.html (3660 words)

	Erythromycin resistance in Streptococcus pyogenes in Italy. - Emerging Infectious Diseases - HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: )
		pyogenes was eradicated in 12 (63.1%) of 19 patients with erythromycin-resistant S. pyogenes treated with clarithromycin and in 22 (88%) of 25 patients with erythromycin-susceptible strains.
		pyogenes is uniformly susceptible to penicillin, which remains the drug of choice for treating infections by this organism.
		pyogenes was eradicated in 12 (63.1%) of the 19 patients with erythromycin-resistant isolates and in 22 (88.0%) of 25 patients with erythromycin-susceptible isolates treated with clarithromycin (p = 0.07).
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:63840194&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (2157 words)

	Streptococcus pyogenes
		Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A streptococcus) is a Gram-positive, nonmotile, nonsporeforming coccus that occurs in chains or in pairs of cells.
		Acute Streptococcus pyogenes infections may present as pharyngitis (strep throat), scarlet fever (rash), impetigo (infection of the superficial layers of the skin) or cellulitis (infection of the deep layers of the skin).
		pyogenes is thought to result from a failure in the innate defenses (normal flora and other nonspecific defense mechanisms) which allows establishment of the bacterium at a portal of entry (often the upper respiratory tract or the skin) where the organism multiplies and causes an inflammatory purulent lesion.
	www.tjclarkinc.com /bacterial_diseases/streptococcus_pyogenes.htm (2929 words)

	Streptococcus pyogenes*
		Streptococcus pyogenes has been a significant pathogen throughout history, but the problems it causes have differed at different times.
		pyogenes is usually identified in the laboratory by the clear beta hemolysis it causes on blood agar and its sensitivity to bacitracin.
		The M protein of S. pyogenes is antiphagocytic and is, thus, a virulence factor because of its antiphagocytic properties and also because of its potential for producing cross reacting antibodies.
	medinfo.ufl.edu /year2/mmid/bms5300/bugs/strpyoge.html (675 words)

	US FDA/CFSAN - Bad Bug Book - Streptococcus spp
		The genus Streptococcus is comprised of Gram-positive, microaerophilic cocci (round), which are not motile and occur in chains or pairs.
		Streptococcus iniae, a fish pathogen not previously reported as a cause of illness in humans (1-3), was isolated from all four patients.
		The group C streptococcus was isolated from the blood of 15 patients and the pericardial fluid of one patient.
	vm.cfsan.fda.gov /~mow/chap21.html (927 words)

	Streptococcus pyogenes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Streptococcus pyogenes is a Gram-positive bacterium that grows in pairs (diplococci) or short chains depending on the culture method.
		pyogenes displays group A antigen on its cell wall and beta-hemolysis when cultured on blood agar plate.
		pyogenes typically produces large zones of beta-hemolysis, the complete disruption of erythrocytes and the release of hemoglobin, and it is therefore called Group A (beta-hemolytic) Streptococcus (abbreviated GAS).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Streptococcus_pyogenes (386 words)

	Streptococcus pyogenes
		Streptococcus pyogenes is the microbe behind the rare disease, necrotizing fasciitis.
		Streptococcus pyogenes produces a streptokinase that digests blood clots and apparently assists in the invasion of wounds.
		Streptococcus pyogenes is not highly resistant and therefore can be treated effectively if detected early on.
	web.umr.edu /~microbio/BIO221_1998/S_pyogenes.html (429 words)

	Streptococcus
		Streptococcus pyogenes is one of the most frequent pathogens of humans.
		pyogenes is the leading cause of uncomplicated bacterial pharyngitis and tonsillitis commonly referred to a strep throat.
		pyogenes is thought to result from a failure in the constitutive defenses (normal flora and other nonspecific defense mechanisms) which allows establishment of the bacterium at a portal of entry (often the upper respiratory tract or the skin) where the organism multiplies and causes an inflammatory purulent lesion.
	textbookofbacteriology.net /streptococcus.html (3660 words)

	Streptococcus (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The gene sequence for the circular chromosomes of twelves pecies of streptococci have been sequenced: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae 2603 V/R, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus thermophilus CNRZ1066, Streptococcus thermophilus LMG 18311, and Streptococcus pyogenes.
		The capsule of Streptococcus pyogenes is chemically similar to that of it's host's connective tissue, and therefore, is nonantigenic, and it's cytoplasmic membrane has antigens similar to human cardiac skeletal and smooth muscle.
		Streptococcus pneumoniae resistance to erythromycin and penicillin in relation to macrolide and ß-lactam consumption in Spain (1979–1997).
	biology.kenyon.edu /Microbial_Biorealm/bacteria/gram-positive/streptococcus/streptococcus.htm?name=Streptococcaceae (1205 words)

	Michael Caparon
		Of particular interest is the organism Streptococcus pyogenes, the causative agent of a number of serious diseases including, pharangytis ("strep throat"), impetigo, scarlet fever, rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis.
		Insertional inactivation of Streptococcus pyogenes sod suggests prtF is regulated in response to a superoxide signal.
		The contribution of NADH oxidase to the aerobic metabolism of Streptococcus pyogenes.
	www.microbiology.wustl.edu /dept/fac/caparon.html (1155 words)

	Medmicro Chapter 13
		The hyaluronic acid outer surface of S pyogenes is only weakly antigenic; however, protective immunity results from the development of type-specific antibody to the M protein of the fimbriae, which protrude from the cell wall through the capsular structure.
		In children, invasive disease with S pyogenes may follow varicella, or be associated with burns or malignancy; in adults with surgical or nonsurgical wounds or underlying medical problems, i.e., diabetes, cirrhosis, underlying peripheral vascular disease, or malignancy.
		For S pyogenes, it is critical to determine rheumatogenic and nephritogenic strains to limit the required multivalency of the vaccines.
	gsbs.utmb.edu /microbook/ch013.htm (7715 words)

	The epidemiology of severe Streptococcus pyogenes associated disease in Europe
		pyogenes characterisation led to a new era in typing and have also highlighted the importance of establishing standardised methods and agreed criteria for the interpretation and verification of types.
		Invasive infections caused by Streptococcus pyogenes in Denmark 1990-1994.
		Streptococcus pyogenes isolated in Portugal: macrolide resistance phenotypes and correlation with T types.
	www.eurosurveillance.org /em/v10n09/1009-225.asp (5295 words)

	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Mouse skin passage of a Streptococcus pyogenes Tn917 mutant of sagA/pel restores ...
		Streptococcus pyogenes causes a variety of diseases in man ranging from mild suppurative throat and skin infections like pharyngitis and erysipelas to severe invasive conditions such as necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome [1].
		pyogenes isolates injected in a skin air sac and recovered from the organs of lethally infected mice [10,16].
		pyogenes genome [43] as well as a number of potential two-component regulatory systems whose precise function remains to be elucidated.
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2180/1/33 (5812 words)

	Streptococcus pyogenes Genome Sequencing - Strain M1 GAS
		Streptococcus pyogenes Genome Sequencing - Strain M1 GAS
		Complete Genome Sequence of an M1 Strain of Streptococcus pyogenes Proc.
		Suvrov, A.N. and Ferretti, J.J. Physical and Genetic Map of an M type 1 strain of Streptococcus pyogenes.
	www.genome.ou.edu /strep.html (549 words)

	Streptococcus pyogenes RESISTENTE A LOS MACRÓLIDOS
		Streptococcus pyogenes (estreptococo del grupo A) es uno de los patógenos bacterianos más importante de los seres humanos.
		Streptococcus pyogenes da lugar a colonias blancas o grises, de 1 a 2 mm de diámetro, rodeadas de zonas de lisis completa de los eritrocitos presentes en el medio de cultivo (hemólisis tipo ß), aunque es posible, en raras ocasiones, aislar cepas que no expresan la hemolisina en la superficie.
		Streptococcus pyogenes es incapaz de oxidar azúcares y posee un metabolismo fermentativo de la glucosa y otros carbohidratos produciendo ácido láctico, aunque nunca gas.
	www.seimc.org /control/revi_Bacte/fenotm.htm (2356 words)

	Bacteria, gram-positive cocci
		The term streptococcus ("twisted berry") refers to the bacteria's characteristic grouping in chains resembling a string of beads." "Streptococci can also be classified by the type of carbohydrate contained in the cell wall, a system called the Lancefield classification." Encyclopedia Britannica Agglutination and immunofluorescent antibody microscopic methods can quickly identify Lancefield groups.
		In common practice Streptococcus group A is usually found in samples from the throat, nasopharanyx, or in sputum in which a plethora of unimportant normal flora is also present.
		Streptococcus pneumoniae is a member of the Viridans group, so called because of green or, "alpha," hemolysis on sheep blood agar, causes lower respiratory infection pneumonia and upper respiratory infections bronchitis, laryngitis, otitis media (middle ear) and sinusitis.
	www.buddycom.com /bacteria/gpc.html (1214 words)

	NEJM -- Hyperendemic Streptococcus pyogenes infection despite prophylaxis with penicillin G benzathine
		In closely confined populations, in which epidemics of Streptococcus pyogenes infection are common, penicillin G benzathine has long been used prophylactically to reduce morbidity from this pathogen.
		The recruits who were allergic to penicillin (7 percent of the total), who received no prophylaxis, were more likely to be colonized; an increased risk of colonization and infection among the nonallergic recruits was associated with the presence of a higher percentage of allergic recruits in the platoon.
		If the prevention of S. pyogenes infection is to be effective in closely confined populations such as military recruits, prophylactic antibiotics must be administered to all members of the population.
	content.nejm.org /cgi/content/abstract/325/2/92 (444 words)

	Cellulitis
		Streptococcus pyogenes is the so-called "flesh-eating bacteria" and, in rare cases, can cause a dangerous, deep skin infection called necrotizing fasciitis.
		Streptococcus pyogenes can be picked up from a person who has strep throat or an infected sore.
		Cellulitis may be prevented by wearing appropriate protective equipment during work and sports to avoid skin injury, cleaning cuts and skin injuries with antiseptic soap, keeping wounds clean and protected, watching wounds for signs of infection, taking the entire prescribed dose of antibiotic, and maintaining good general health.
	www.lifesteps.com /gm/Atoz/ency/cellulitis.jsp (1424 words)

	Resistance to Multiple Fluoroquinolones in a Clinical Isolate of Streptococcus pyogenes: Identification of gyrA and ...
		Molecular characterization of the gene encoding the DNA gyrase A subunit of Streptococcus pneumoniae.
		Contribution of mutations in gyrA and parC genes to fluoroquinolone resistance of mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae obtained in vivo and in vitro.
		Streptococcus pyogenes Pharyngeal Isolates with Reduced Susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin in Spain: Mechanisms of Resistance and Clonal Diversity.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/44/11/3196 (1778 words)

	Streptococcus pyogenes - Organismal Information (Site not responding. Last check: )
		MLST has been developed for Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococci, GAS) and an initial database of the allelic profiles of 212 isolates obtained from cases of serious invasive disease, upper respiratory tract infection, and impetigo is available*.
		Streptococcus pyogenes causing toxic-shock-like syndrome and other invasive diseases: Clonal diversity and pyrogenic exotoxin expression.
		Genetic diversity and relationships among Streptococcus pyogenes strains expressing serotype M1 protein: recent intercontinental spread of a subclone causing episodes of human disease.
	spyogenes.mlst.net /misc/info.asp (1485 words)

	eMedicine - Streptococcal Infection, Group A : Article by Mark R Schleiss, MD (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Isolation of S pyogenes from the pharynx confirms the diagnosis in uncertain cases, and serologic evidence of recent group A streptococcal infection may be present.
		Necrotizing fasciitis caused by S pyogenes (so-called streptococcal gangrene) is an acute, rapidly progressive, severe, deep-seated infection of the subcutaneous tissue associated with extensive destruction of superficial and deep fascia.
		In patients with acute rheumatic fever with Sydenham chorea, common antibodies to antigens found in the S pyogenes cell membrane and the caudate nucleus of the brain are present, further supporting the concept of an aberrant autoimmune response in the development of acute rheumatic fever.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic2702.htm (8651 words)

	eMedicine - Streptococcus Group A Infections : Article by Sat Sharma, MD, FRCPC, FACP, FCCP, DABSM
		Streptococcus pyogenes (a group A Streptococcus) is a ubiquitous organism that is known to provoke a wide variety of diseases in humans.
		S pyogenes is an uncommon cause of pneumonia, but pneumonia may occur secondary to influenza, measles, or varicella or in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease.
		Powis J, McGeer A, Duncan C: Prevalence and characterization of invasive isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic2184.htm (5268 words)

	Trends in Bacteremic Infection Due to Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus), 1986-1995
		It is not certain whether these reports reflect actual increase in the incidence of disease caused by this pathogenic bacterium or merely enhanced awareness and interest on the part of the medical community.
		A meticulous, population-based study in Pima County, Arizona (13), found no change in the incidence of invasive GAS disease between 1985 and 1990 but did suggest the emergence of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in the late 1980s, on the basis of the appearance of six such cases in 1987-1990 compared to zero cases in 1985-1987.
		Association of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of invasive Streptococcus pyogenes isolates with clinical components of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol2no1/strepyro.htm (1620 words)

	Streptococcus pyogenes
		Pharyngitis: - Group A Streptococcus are a major cause of pharyngitis and sore throat.
		The bacteria colonize the oropharynx and then adhere to the pharyngeal mucosa via M protein and LTA causing the inflammation and erethema we know as a "strep throat".
		Strep throat and skin infections should be treated with antibiotics to prevent the late sequelae of rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis.
	www.sph.unc.edu /courses/eric/dd_cs/s_pyo.htm (462 words)

	Resistance to Macrolides in Streptococcus pyogenes in France in Pediatric Patients -- Bingen et al. 44 (6): 1453 -- ...
		Resistance to Macrolides in Streptococcus pyogenes in France in Pediatric Patients -- Bingen et al.
		Phenotypes and genotypes of erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes strains in Italy and heterogeneity of inducibility-resistant strains.
		Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes resistant to macrolides but sensitive to clindamycin: a common resistance pattern mediated by an efflux system.
	aac.asm.org /cgi/content/full/44/6/1453 (3391 words)

	microgen - Streptococcus pyogenes genome sequencing project
		The Genomic Sequence of Streptococcus pyogenes SF370 (M1 serotype) has been completed through a joint effort between the laboratory of Dr.
		pyogenes is responsible for a wider variety of human disease than any other bacterial species, more than forty virulence-associated genes have been identified.
		Streptococcus pyogenes strain Manfredo (M5) genome at Sanger Centre
	micro-gen.ouhsc.edu /s_pyogenes/s_pyogenes_home.htm (363 words)

	Protein F, a Fibronectin-Binding Protein, is an Adhesin of the Group A Streptococcus Streptococcus pyogenes -- Hanski ...
		Binding to fibronectin has been suggested to play an important role in adherence of the group A streptococcus Streptococcus pyogenes to host epithelial cells; however, the identity of the streptococcal fibronectin receptor has been elusive.
		Here we demonstrate that the fibronectin-binding property of S. pyogenes is mediated by protein F, a bacterial surface protein that binds fibronectin at high affinity.
		When this mutation was introduced into the S. pyogenes chromosome by homologous recombination with the wild-type allele, the resulting strains no longer produced protein F and lost their ability to bind fibronectin.
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/89/13/6172 (2263 words)

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