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Topic: Stress (linguistics)

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	Stress
		Stress (roughly the opposite of relaxation) is a medical term for a wide range of strong external stimuli, both physiological and psychological, which can cause a physiological response called the general adaptation syndrome, first recognised in 1956 by Hans Selye.
		To be exact, the stress at a point may be determined by taking the limit of the load being carried by a particular cross section, divided by that cross section, as the area of the cross section aproaches zero.
		In general the stress may vary from point to point, but for simple cases, such as circular cylinders with pure axial loading, the stress is constant and equal to the cross-sectional area divided by the applied load.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.com /definition/english/st/stress.html (4318 words)

	Reconstructing Proto-Oceanic Stress. - Oceanic Linguistics \| Encyclopedia.com
		Little work has been done on stress in POC, "but phonologically conservative languages generally agree in displaying primary stress on the penultimate syllable and secondary stress on every second syllable preceding the penultimate, and this was probably the POC pattern" (Ross 1998:18), a view held by most Oceanists.
		Subsequent to syncope, stress shifted to the new penult...
		regularity of penultimate stress in the language as it is...
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1G1-69757901.html (477 words)

	STRESS (LINGUISTICS) FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: )
		That is, stress is placed always on a given syllable, as in Finnish and Hungarian (stress always on the first syllable) or Quechua and Polish (stress always on the penultima: one syllable before the last).
		However, linguists such as Peter Ladefoged believe these levels are not phonemic, and report that not all alleged secondary stress is characterized by the increase in respiratory activity associated with stress.
		In Dutch, ad hoc indication of stress is usually done with an acute accent on the vowel, or the first two vowels in case of a diphthong, of the stressed syllable.
	www.factagent.com /stress_(linguistics) (989 words)

	STRESS Articles Stress can relate to:a href="/Stres
		Stress continence is defined as being an involuntary loss of urine that occurs during physical activity, coughing, sneezing, or laughing.
		Stress incontinence is basically a bladder storage problem where the strength of the urethral sphincter has greatly diminished, and the sphincter doesn’t have the ability to prevent the urine flow when there is an increased pressure from the abdomen.
		Stress management is the active and constant correction to your body and mind to the forces of stress and pressure.
	www.amazines.com /Stress_related.html (2717 words)

	Linguistics Undergrad Program at Duke University Page
		Linguists work at the intersection of these issues and define linguistics as the science of language and languages.
		They are devised to provide depth and breadth in linguistic theory, the different schools of linguistics, the history and development of linguistic thought, and the interdisciplinary aspects of linguistics in the context of languages and cultures.
		LINGUIST 190 taken in the fall of the senior year, is devoted to development of the honors thesis and includes close supervision of the writing stage of the project by a faculty member selected by the student.
	www.duke.edu /web/linguistics/undergrad.htm (874 words)

	Stress (linguistics) . Enpsychlopedia
		In linguistics, stress is the relative emphasis that may be given to certain syllables in a word.
		Further, stress may be realized to varying degrees on different words in a sentence; sometimes the difference between the acoustic signals of stressed and unstressed syllables may be minimal.
		That is, stress is placed always on a given syllable, as in Finnish and Hungarian (stress always on the first syllable) or Quechua and Polish (stress always on the penult: one syllable before the last) or on third syllable counting backwards (the antepenult), as in Macedonian (see: Stress in Macedonian language).
	enpsychlopedia.org /psypsych/Vocal_stress (1303 words)

	Low Vowel Dissimilation in Vanuatu Languages
		Primary stress was assigned to the final syllable ff it was closed, otherwise to the penultimate syllable (Lynch 2000a).
		Stress seems not to play a part in these synchronic dissimilation processes, and directionality of operation is not relevant.
		Stressed a dissimilated as e; unstressed a dissimilated sometimes as e, sometimes as zero.
	www.questia.com /PM.qst?a=o&se=gglsc&d=5002068336 (11446 words)

	stress - Definitions from Dictionary.com
		Stress may contribute to the development of some illnesses, including heart disease and cancer.
		Stress is in English the chief element in accent and is one of the most important in emphasis.
		Stress of weather, constraint imposed by continued bad weather; as, to be driven back to port by stress of weather.
	dictionary.reference.com /browse/stress (2320 words)

	[No title]
		The data presented thus far indicate that stress placement is calculated on the basis of phonemic similarity to existing words, and not to elements of the CV tier or syllable weights.
		Therefore, an on-line process of stress placement is generally not needed except when novel words are encountered, or in cases in which noise in the system leads to a temporary inability to remember which syllable is stressed.
		Irregularly stressed words are those that are stressed on the antepeunultimate syllable, or that have final stress and end in a vowel or s, or that have penult stress and end in a consonant other than s.
	linguistics.byu.edu /faculty/eddingtond/stress2.html (6303 words)

	DSpace at MIT: Topics in the stress and syntax of words
		The idea is argued for with the example of English syllabification and schwa-insertion, showing that syllabification properties of derived words and the predictability of their meaning do not follow exclusively from diacritic markings on derivational affixes, but are reflexes of both idiosyncratic properties of affixes and of the syntax in which they are found.
		Chapter 5 is a study of the stress patterns in Slovenian verbal environments and the interaction of stress and structure in these environments.
		The stress patterns are captured by positing two types of stress retraction rules - the phonological ones and those referring to the syntactic structure.
	dspace.mit.edu /handle/1721.1/7988 (426 words)

	Search Results for "stress"
		Stress on the emotional and personal aspects of religion.
		...Linguistics A stress produced by a change, especially a rise, in pitch as distinguished from increased volume.
		...The degree of stress weaker than a primary accent placed on a syllable in the pronunciation of a word.
	www.bartleby.com /cgi-bin/texis/webinator/ahdsearch?search_type=defn&query=stress&db=ahd (281 words)

	Stress (linguistics) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In linguistics, stress is the relative emphasis given to certain syllables in a word.
		English is a stress-timed language; that is, stressed syllables appear at a roughly constant rate, and non-stressed syllables are shortened to accommodate this.
		Other languages have stress placed on different syllables but in a predictable way, such as Latin (where stress is conditioned by the structure of the penultima).
	www.alloffinance.com /Stress_%28linguistics%29.html (1743 words)

	Stress (phonology) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In Romance languages, stress takes part in the verb conjugation and it produces an interesting phenomenon by which the vowels /e/ and /o/ in the root of some verbs become diphthongs when stressed.
		That is, a combination of lexical stress, phrase- or clause-final prosody, and the reduction of some unstressed vowels conspires to create multiple levels of phonetic stress, or at least the impression of such levels.
		In Slavic-language dictionaries, stress is indicated with an accent mark on a syllable's vowel.
	www.guideofpills.com /Stress_%28phonology%29.html (977 words)

	Stress glossary, news, and popular videos (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Moisture stress or plant stress is the result of depriving a plant of water.
		British men are making themselves ill by overworking and more than one in three relies on alcohol to switch off from job stress, according to a survey, which also finds that 17% have visited a doctor to discuss their exhaustion.
		Stress at work is driving growing numbers of men to drink as they try to cope with the pressures of their day, a report has claimed.
	www.weightlossfriends.com /gloss/stress (291 words)

	Section 1 - (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In linguistics the basic unit which is manipulated for these effects is the syllable, and even if the synthesis system is one based on allophones or diphones it is still necessary to assign these prosodic effects in terms of the syllabic structure of the sentence.
		Stresses determined by other effects (such as contrastive emphasis) are generally not attempted, except in demonstration show pieces.
		Linguistics differ as to how deep they think stress marking should go: ‘Is it necessary to have more than two levels of stress?’ is a question which used to be asked frequently.
	www.essex.ac.uk /speech/teaching-01/303/synthesis-prosodics.html (907 words)

	Aspects of the prosody of Kuot, a language where intonation ignores stress (1). - Linguistics: an interdisciplinary ...
		Aspects of the prosody of Kuot, a language where intonation ignores stress (1).
		From: Linguistics: an interdisciplinary journal of the languagesciences
		This article describes the basic system of intonation and lexical stress in Kuot, a non-Austronesian language of New Ireland, Papua New Guinea.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1G1-136510265.html (171 words)

	BA in Linguistics - Courses
		Students familiar with syntactic reasoning from Linguistics 305 (Introduction to Syntax) have the basic tools to understand a much wider range of phenomena than is considered in 305.
		Linguistics 471 builds on this knowledge by extending our linguistic analysis and theorizing to the details of structures in English as well as to the detailed study of syntactic structures in other languages.
		The goal of the course, however, is to expand our understanding of the reach of linguistic theorizing in three specific areas, some of which are best studied by comparison with other languages.
	ling.rutgers.edu /program/courses_undergrad.html (543 words)

	Speech Disorders: stress
		"accent: In linguistics, stress is the emphasis given to some syllables (often no more than one in each word, but in many languages, long words have a secondary stress a few syllables away from the primary stress, as in the words cóunterfòil or còunterintélligence)."
		My girlfriend was learning it for her wedding and said there were several different ways to say the word "ma", all with different tones, all with different meanings, and the incorrect pronunciation would result in a really inappropriate word to say in front of the in-laws.
		As far as significance, in English accent and stress are not phonemic at the syllable level, meaning that if you stress the wrong syllabe it doesn't change the meaning.
	en.allexperts.com /q/Speech-Disorders-987/stress.htm (630 words)

	The Linguistics Club
		Thus, we have demonstrated that stress is phonemic in Spanish.
		Linguists realized that the reason that the puff of air (known more properly as "aspiration") disappeared if the phoneme /s/ preceded it.
		However, in linguistics, the allophones all add up to be the full description of all the ways to pronounce the phoneme.
	profejeff.blogspot.com (6024 words)

	John Benjamins: Contributions by Haike Jacobs
		Linguistics in the Netherlands 1999, Bezooijen, Renée van and René Kager (eds.), 111 ff.
		Linguistics in the Netherlands 1994, Bok-Bennema, Reineke and Crit Cremers (eds.), 61 ff.
		Linguistics in the Netherlands 1991, Drijkoningen, Frank and Ans van Kemenade (eds.), 91 ff.
	www.benjamins.com /cgi-bin/t_authorview.cgi?author=6183 (279 words)

	stressed - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Stress (psychology), an unpleasant state of emotional and physiological arousal that people experience in situations that they perceive as dangerous...
		Accent, in language, special stress emphasis or relative force or loudness given to one syllable of a word, thereby making that syllable more...
		In some languages, stressed syllables have a higher or lower pitch than non-stressed syllables — so-called pitch accent (or musical accent).
	encarta.msn.com /stressed.html (224 words)

	Colloquium abstracts 1999-2000
		The focus of this talk is the acquisition of Spanish main stress by native speakers of English.
		Anani, M. “Incorrect stress placement in the case of Arab learners of English.” IRAL 27: 15-21.
		The linguistic mechanisms and constraints which operate in creole formation also operate in a wide range of contact situations which have produced outcomes as varied as, for example, bilingual mixed languages, "indigenized varieties," and cases of SLA.
	www.cas.sc.edu /LING/activities/archives/coll-abs-99-00.html (4195 words)

	Study environment
		The study environment is a high priority at the Department of Linguistics.
		We stress the importance of good facilities for students such as libraries and reading rooms.
		Linguistics and Finnish are relatively small disciplines: there are approximately 100 active students in Linguistics and 10-15 students in Finnish.
	www.aal.au.dk /en/linguist/studies/studyenv (175 words)

	USC College Department of Linguistics
		Linguistics is devoted to the scientific study of language.
		As one of the world's leading programs, the Linguistics department at USC is at the forefront of scientific progress in the study of language.
		The Linguistics department conducts research in diverse fields—first and second language acquisition, language processing, morphology, phonetics, phonology, pragmatics, semantics, sociolinguistics, and syntax—in collaboration with diverse programs—Psychology, Philosophy, Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Neuroscience.
	www.usc.edu /dept/LAS/linguistics (224 words)

	acento lexical - lexical stress ( translation glossary) phonology,Linguistics,Science
		a mark indicating stress (as Æ, Å, or ö, ÷, or ¢, ²), vowel quality (as French grave `, acute ´, circumflex ^), form (as French la “the” versus là “there”), or pitch.
		This is the most common term in English (152,000 refs), although "lexical stress" is not wrong (46,500 refs).
		Where I was trained (Georgetown Univ), it was a no-no to use the word "accent" in talking about stress.
	www.proz.com /kudoz/portuguese_to_english/linguistics/1865430-acento_lexical.html (271 words)

	stress - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Stress : A to Z of Terms related to the Thermal Spray Process and Surface Engineering [home, info]
		Example: "The intensity of stress is expressed in units of force divided by units of area"
		Words similar to stress: accent, emphasis, emphasize, strain, tension, accentuate, accentuation, focus, punctuate, straining, stressed, stresses, stressing, tenseness, try, bring out, pressure, set off, underline, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=stress (592 words)

	Word Stress - Teaching pronunciation with Speaking Notepad - QwertyStudios
		In linguistics, stress is defined as the emphasis that is given to certain syllables in a word, that is why stressed syllables are often perceived as being more forceful than non-stressed syllables.
		The traditional classification of languages concerning place of stress in a word is into those with a fixed stress and those with a free stress.
		In languages with a fixed stress the occurrence of the word stress is limited to a particular syllable in a word.
	www.qwertystudios.com /speech/tts-study/study-accurate-pronunciation/word-stress.html (734 words)

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