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Topic: Striate cortex

	Neuroscience Online (ii,15,2)
		The course of the optic radiations from the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus to the striate cortex of the occipital lobe is illustrated in a lateral view of the left side of the brain.
		The striate cortex is involved in the initial cortical processing of all visual information necessary for visual perception and its damage results in loss of vision in the contralesional hemifield.
		The visual association cortex extends anteriorly from the extrastriate cortex to encompass adjacent areas of the posterior parietal lobe and much of the posterior temporal lobe (Figure 15.4, Areas 7, 20, 37 and 39).
	neuroscience.uth.tmc.edu /s2/ii15-2.html (1242 words)

	Ch
		The map is distorted; approximately 25 percent of the striate cortex is devoted to the analysis of information from the fovea, which represents a small part of the visual field.
		The striate cortex is organized into modules, each surrounding a pair of CO blobs, which are revealed by a stain for cytochrome oxidase, an enzyme found in mitochondria.
		The visual cortex consists of the striate cortex, the extrastriate cortex (also called the prestriate or circumstriate cortex), and the visual association cortex of the inferior temporal lobe and the pesterior parietal lobe.
	www.albany.edu /faculty/cafrye/apsy601/Ch.06Vision.html (3664 words)

	Extrastriate cortex - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Striate cortex (Brodmann area 17) is shown in red.
		The extrastriate cortex is the region of the occipital cortex of the mammalian brain located next to the striate cortex (which is also known as the primary visual cortex).
		The extrastriate cortex is the locus of mid-level vision.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Extrastriate (170 words)

	Research - Stimulation of Visual Cortex
		Restoration of vision, using a neuroprosthesis, depends upon providing the cortex with a well-controlled temporospatial electrical stimulation pattern that mimics the pattern of neural activity normally associated with vision, or uses the natural tuning properties of the visual system, to provide the cortex with meaningful sensory input.
		This mapping, called retinotopy, was one of the first major observations concerning the functionality of striate cortex; still, and perhaps unfortunately, it remains the most influential idea in current thinking about the design and implementation of visual prostheses.
		That this approach could work is suggested by the retinotopy of striate cortex and by a number of human and animal experiments demonstrating the feasibility of chronic electrode implants.
	www.iit.edu /~npr/visualprosthesis2.htm (825 words)

	Dr. Jonathan Horton - UCSF
		The representation of vision in the cerebral cortex was explored early in this century by the clinical examination of soldiers wounded in battle.
		A similar strategy is employed by the somatosensory cortex to represent the most densely innervated regions of the body surface, as exemplified by the exaggerated size of the face, tongue, and hands of the homunculus.
		In peripheral cortex, however, metabolic activity was stronger in the contralateral eye’s columns because the temporal retina of each eye was suppressed, as in humans, to avoid diplopia.
	www.ucsf.edu /hortonlab/ResearchProgram.html (7282 words)

	BASIC CEREBRAL CORTEX FUNCTION WITH EMPHASIS ON VISION
		Layer 4 tends to be thickest in primary sensory cortex and it is virtually missing in the motor cortex (the "agranular cortex").
		Comparable to the somatomotor and the somatosensory cortex (where the hands occupy more space than the trunk), a disproportionately large portion of the striate cortex is devoted to the first 10 degrees around the visual axis.
		The striations of the cortex (which have the appearance of a large fingerprint) correspond to dark regions sourced from one eye and light regions sourced from the other eye.
	www.benbest.com /science/anatmind/anatmd5.html (3336 words)

	Webvision: Color Vision. by Peter Gouras
		In visual cortex, the signals from the tonic reddish-yellow or long wave sensitive (L-) cone and greenish-yellow or middle wave sensitive (M-) cone channels are again used to detect achromatic (energy) and chromatic (wavelength) contrast (Fig.
		Knowledge of the physiology of color vision beyond striate cortex is sketchy because of the difficulty in exciting cortical cells in anesthetized monkeys.
		Spectrally selective cells in striate cortex of an anesthetized monkey responded to the energies reflected from the objects and not to their color.
	webvision.med.utah.edu /Color.html (8868 words)

	Bibliography
		Visual cortex neurons in monkey and cat: Effect of contrast on the spatial and temporal phase transfer functions.
		Ultrastructure of synapses from the a-laminae of the lateral geniculate nucleus in layer iv of the cat striate cortex.
		Sillito, A. The contribution of inhibitory mechanisms to the receptive field properties of neurones in the striate cortex of the cat.
	keck.ucsf.edu /~ken/fm_final/node23.html (1668 words)

	Blindsight and Consciousness
		The striate cortex is often called the primary visual cortex (V1), and is thought to be the primary locus of visual processing (3).
		Destruction or disconnection of the striate cortex produces a scotoma, or a region of blindness, in the part of the visual field that maps to the damaged area of the cortex (3).
		Perhaps the striate cortex is the relay center to the larger "center" of consciousness in the brain.
	serendip.brynmawr.edu /~pgrobste/chicago2000/neuro00/web3/Chivers.html (1557 words)

	Team projects on www for Biological Basis of Behavior - 1999
		The primary visual cortex, also abbreviated V1 (Logothetis 70), which receives information form the visual system is located at the back of the brain on the inner surfaces of the cerebral hemispheres, primarily on the upper and lower banks of the calcarine or 'spur shaped' fissure (Carlson 68).
		In 1982, Ungerleider and Mishkin stated that the info received by the striate cortex is split in two "streams of analysis", one of which flows downward into the inferior temporal cortex, and the other which flows up into the posterior parietal lobe (Carlson 172).
		The occipital cortex and its surrounding areas are multi- faceted and very complex, but with rapid increases in technology, new information has been found regarding the functions of the occipital cortex and visual systems in general.
	www.humboldt.edu /~morgan/vis_f99.htm (4672 words)

	Extrastriate cortex Summary
		The control system for spatially directed attention, identified by functional imaging, is both widely distributed and closely associated with the oculomotor system; it involves the posterior parietal cortex, parts of the frontal cortex, the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus, and possibly the superior colliculus.
		The close association with the oculomotor system accords with the principle that an important role for selective attention is the direction of the eyes to the behaviorally relevant stimuli in complicated visual scenes.
		This effect is larger in later stages of visual processing, raising the possibility that the smaller modulations in primary visual cortex result from feedback from higher areas.
	www.bookrags.com /Extrastriate_cortex (1352 words)

	How is the Visual Cortex Organized?
		The visual cortex is part of the outermost layer of the brain, the cortex, and is located at the dorsal pole of the occipital lobe; more simply put, at the lower rear of the brain.
		V1, sometimes called striate cortex because of its stripey appearance when dyed and put under a microscope, is by far the largest and most important.
		Selective injury of visual cortex in animal subjects is historically one of the most productive (and controversial) ways of investigating neural functioning, but in recent times we have developed tools to selectively deactivate or activate specific brain areas without harming them.
	www.wisegeek.com /how-is-the-visual-cortex-organized.htm (732 words)

	References
		The relationship of receptive field properties to the dendritic shape of neurones in the cat striate cortex.
		The contribution of inhibitory mechanisms to the receptive field properties of neurones in the striate cortex of the cat.
		The visual representation in striate cortex of the macaque monkey: Asymmetries, anisotropies, and individual variability.
	www.cs.utexas.edu /~nn/web-pubs/htmlbook96/sabatini/node21.html (1912 words)

	ANU - The Centre for Visual Sciences (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Rose and V.G. Dobson John Wiley and Sons, Chichester, U.K. 1985 Boyapati, J. and Henry, G.H. The character and influence of the claustral pathway to the striate cortex of the cat.
		1987 Boyapati, J. and Henry, G.H. The duplex character of the cortico- fugal pathway from the striate cortex to the lateral geniculate complex.
		1989 Thalluri, J. and Henry, G.H. Neurons of the striate cortex driven trans-synaptically by electrical stimulation of the superior colliculus.
	cvs.anu.edu.au /geoff/Publications.asp (1475 words)

	Running head: PHASE RELATIONSHIPS IN BARREL CORTEX
		Activity in barrel cortex, is projected to other areas of the brain; barrel cortex has several cortical and subcortical connections.
		In the second experiment, the role of cortical barrels in the discrimination of the frequency of vibrissal oscillation was evaluated using a similar conditioned suppression technique.
		In the final experiment, the role of the barrelfield cortex in higher-order discriminations was assessed using a gap-crossing task.
	anackley.myweb.uga.edu /thesis2.htm (12989 words)

	Eye, Brain, and Vision
		OF The primary visual, or striate, cortex is a far more complex and elaborate
		cortex was the first to be distinguished from the rest by its layered or striped
		the occipital lobe of the cortex, the area that is concerned with vision and that
	neuro.med.harvard.edu /site/dh/b23.htm (828 words)

	Journal of Vision - Compound stimuli promote architectural reorganization in cat striate cortex, by Thomas, Gallucci, ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Striate cortical organization can be modeled either as static or as dynamically modifiable by complex stimuli.
		We found both creation and annihilation of pinwheel centers in the experimental map, but the loci of the orientation pinwheels that weren’t annihilated by the mask did not change.
		Our results suggest that the spatial organization of striate cortex can be dynamically modified by complex stimuli, which has impact on physiological models of visual function.
	journalofvision.org /3/9/379 (438 words)

	Publications
		Direction selectivity of neurons in the striate cortex increases as stimulus contrast is decreased (Journal of Neurophysiology.
		Contrast coding by cells in the cat's striate cortex: monocular vs. binocular detection.
		Receptive-field maps of correlated discharge between pairs of neurons in the cat's visual cortex.
	neurovision.berkeley.edu /publications/AA_publications.html (685 words)

	Binocular Spatial Phase Tuning Characteristics of Neurons in the Macaque Striate Cortex -- Smith et al. 78 (1): 351 -- ...
		tuning characteristics of neurons in the macaque striate cortex.
		in the striate cortex of anesthetized and paralyzed monkeys to
		The purpose of this investigation was to determine the sensitivity of neurons in the monkey striate cortex to the relative
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/78/1/351 (7806 words)

	Comparing Models of the Visual Cortex
		Many cells in the mammalian primary visual cortex are selective to certain features in visual input.
		The figure shows the lateral spatial pattern of ocular dominance and orientation selectivity in the striate cortex of an adult macaque.
		The lateral spatial pattern of orientation preference and ocular dominance in the striate cortex of an adult macaque as revealed by optical imaging.
	www.ks.uiuc.edu /Research/Neural/visual_cortex.html (1035 words)

	Visual cortex - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The visual cortex receives its blood supply primarily from the calcarine branch of the posterior cerebral artery.
		The name "striate cortex" is derived from the stria of Gennari, a distinctive stripe visible to the naked eye that represents myelinated axons from the lateral geniculate body terminating in layer 4 of the gray matter.
		In human and animals with a fovea in the retina, a large portion of V1 is mapped to the small, central portion of visual field, a phenomenon known as cortical magnification.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Primary_visual_cortex (3395 words)

	Online Ethics Center: What Suffering or Sacrifice of Experimental Animals is Warranted? (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Hubel wanted to determine whether there were cells in the striate region of the brain that also responded to these points of light.
		The microelectrode recordings indicated that many cells in the visual cortex respond to both stationary points of light and to points of light moving in particular directions.
		The discovery of movement sensitive cells suggested that the visual cortex might enable cats to attend to moving objects and coordinate head and eye movements.
	onlineethics.org /reseth/psychc.html (694 words)

	Department of Psychology / Princeton University /
		A second is analyzing the anatomical organization of inferior temporal cortex and its connections in both infants and adults.
		Recent experiments concern stimulus localization and movement discrimination in animals with striate lesions, properties of extra-striate cortex neurons in the long-term absence of striate cortex and anatomical changes after striate cortex lesions made in infancy and adulthood.
		We are studying the roles of neurons in a system of areas, including the putamen, premotor cortex and parietal cortex, which represent near extra-personal space.
	weblamp.princeton.edu /~psych/psychology/research/gross (281 words)

	Café Wall Illusion
		The mortar between adjacent rows of tiles was visually apparent, and the fl/white pattern was offset by half a tile width in alternating rows.
		The apparent tilt of the mortar lines is caused by orientation-sensitive simple cells in the striate cortex.
		The cells interact with one another to interpret the diagonal bands produced by the retina as a single continuous line, tilted in the direction of the diagonal bands.
	www.michaelbach.de /ot/ang_cafewall (260 words)

	Myeloarchitecture in the Striate Cortex (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The striate cortex, responsible for the first level processing visual signals, is so named because of the myelinated stripe (layer IVb) within the cortex.
		This layer is less than 500 um thick so to image this it has been necessary to combine optimised MR contrast with an in-plane resolution of 300 um x 300 um.
		Imaging myeloarchitecture in vivo is important since it may provide a link between functional imaging methods and classical neuroscience which describes the functional segregation of the cortex in term of cortical structure.
	www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk /image_gallery/striate (134 words)

	Arch Ophthalmol -- Abstract: The representation of the visual field in human striate cortex. A revision of the classic ...
		Arch Ophthalmol -- Abstract: The representation of the visual field in human striate cortex.
		The representation of the visual field in human striate cortex.
		In a revised map of the human striate cortex, we expand the
	archopht.ama-assn.org /cgi/content/abstract/109/6/816 (474 words)

	MVD Network 04
		Flourens demonstrates loss of vision following cortical lesions (first proof that the cortex is involved in vision).
		Gratiolet traces visual radiation from thalamus to occipital cortex.
		1918 Holmes presents first map of striate cortical projection of the visual field in man. 1920 First anatomical demonstration of point to point projection of retina onto lateral geniculate nucleus (Minkowski, Brouwer and Zeeman).
	mvd.org (1238 words)

	Motion discrimination in cortically blind patients -- Azzopardi and Cowey 124 (1): 30 -- Brain
		Response latencies of neurons in areas MT and MST in monkeys with striate cortex lesions.
		Contribution of striate cortex and the superior colliculus to visual function in area MT, the superior temporal polysensory area and the inferior temporal cortex.
		Role of striate cortex and superior colliculus in visual guidance of saccadic eye movements in monkeys.
	brain.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/124/1/30 (8134 words)

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