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Topic: Striatum

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Basal ganglia

Nigrostriatal pathway

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	Striatum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the brain, the striatum or neostriatum is a subcortical part of the telencephalon consisting of the caudate nucleus and the putamen.
		The main efferent target of the striatum is the globus pallidus, which is primarily inhibited by GABAergic synapses from the striatum.
		The main afferent region to the striatum is neocortex.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Striatum (708 words)

	Basal ganglia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		For many years, the term corpus striatum was used to describe a large group of subcortical elements, some of which were later discovered to be functionally unrelated.
		The anatomical link of the striatum with its primary targets, the pallidum and the substantia nigra was later discovered.
		The "striatum" and "external segment of the globus pallidus" in primates are called the "paleostriatum augmentatum" and "paleostriatum primitivum" respectively in birds.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Basal_ganglia (1422 words)

	The Basal Ganglia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The corpus striatum is the largest component of the basal ganglia.
		The GP is situated medial to the putamen and is seperated from it by a thin lamina of myelinated fibers called the external medullary lamina.
		For example, "strionigral" fibers arise from the striatum (caudate + putamen) and terminate in the substantia nigra wereas "nigrostriate" fibers persue the opposite course.
	www.umanitoba.ca /faculties/medicine/anatomy/csjb.htm (672 words)

	Differences in Pharmacological Properties of Dopamine Release Between the Substantia Nigra and Striatum: An In Vivo ...
		Note the enhancement of the response in the presence of sulpiride in the striatum, whereas the signal is slightly diminished in the SN after sulpiride application.
		striatum, as evidenced by the increase in the S2/S1 ratio.
		Carboni E, Imperato A, Perezzani L and Di Chiara G (1989) Amphetamine, cocaine, phencyclidine and nomifensine increase extracellular dopamine concentrations preferentially in the nucleus accumbens of freely moving rats.
	jpet.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/289/1/455 (6022 words)

	Anatomy of the Basal Ganglia: Striatum and Globus Pallidus
		Anatomy of the Basal Ganglia: Striatum and Globus Pallidus
		Highlighted in one of the hemispheres is the striatum (in blue) and globus pallidus (in green).
		Due to the crosssectional view the striatum appears to be divided into two (the lower section is called the putamen and the upper is called the caudate nucleus).
	www.anc.ed.ac.uk /~anaru/research/anatomy (122 words)

	Striatum: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The putamen is a structure in the middle of the brain, forming the striatum together with the caudate nucleus....
		The striatum is best known for its role in the planning and modulation of movement pathways but is also involved in a variety of other cognitive processes involving executive function executive system quick summary:
		The nigrostriatal pathway is a neural pathway which connects the substantia nigra with the striatum....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/st/striatum.htm (986 words)

	A Brief History of the Basal Ganglia
		Amongst those that continued studying the corpus striatum, there was a sudden realization that many of the functions originally assigned to it were in fact properties of neighbouring corticospinal paths (Wilson, 1914).
		The corpus striatum came to be viewed as the major components of the "extrapyramidal motor system" (Parent, 1986).
		This term loosely grouped the corpus striatum with an array of brain stem nuclei and reflected the assumption that this grouping constituted a complete and independent motor unit (Carpenter 1981).
	www.anc.ed.ac.uk /~anaru/research/history (364 words)

	basal ganglia.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Another major source of inputs to the striatum is from the midbrain dopaminergic cell groups in the ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra, and retrorubral area (Freund et at 1984, Gerfen et at 1987, Jimenez-Castellanos and Graybiel 1987).
		In the striatum, this transition of corticostriatal patch-matrix systems is exemplified by the relative paucity of the patch compartment in striatal areas receiving neocortical inputs, particularly in the putamen of the primate.
		The functional significance of the differential pattern of muscarinic receptor subtype distribution in the striatum is not yet clear; however, their localization does place the subtypes in a position to mediate cholinergic regulation of striatal output neurons.
	www.unifr.ch /biochem/DREYER/BG.html (12753 words)

	Dynamic Changes in Acetylcholine Output in the Medial Striatum During Place Reversal Learning -- Ragozzino and Choi 11 ...
		Cannula tips were concentrated in the dorsomedial striatum ranging from 0.2 to 1.7 anterior to bregma.
		Microdialysis probes were concentrated in the dorsomedial striatum ranging from 0.2–1.7 anterior to bregma.
		Involvement of the dorsomedial striatum in behavioral flexibility: Role of muscarinic cholinergic receptors.
	www.learnmem.org /cgi/content/full/11/1/70 (5601 words)

	Striatum definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Striatum: Part of the basal ganglia of the brain.
		The basal ganglia are interconnected masses of gray matter located in the interior regions of the cerebral hemispheres and in the upper part of the brainstem.
		The term striatum (striate) refers to the layered appearance of bands of gray matter that course from one of these nuclei to the other and represent the connections between them.
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=11702 (231 words)

	[No title]
		We discuss the evidence for the existence of volume transmission of three important classical neurotransmitters of the striatum (dopamine, glutamate and GABA), the tentative mechanisms underlying this means of neuronal communication, receptors involved, and the role of volume transmission in the striatum in cotrolling behavioural functions.
		The main function of the striatum is proposed to gather information from different cortical areas and then to convey integrated signals to the brain pre- motor area, on the one hand, and back to the cortex, on the other hand (Carlsson and Carlsson, 1990; Goldman-Rakis and Selemon, 1990; Shapovalova et al., 1992).
		Irrespective of the role that cell clusters play in the striatum, it is likely that the diffusion of extracellular dopamine and acetylcholine within the cluster serves as an important mechanism of integration between cells in the cluster that influences functional state of the cluster as a whole.
	www.infran.ru /public/saulsk.htm (6393 words)

	Complex Trait Analysis of the Mouse Striatum...
		The dorsal striatum is a massive nucleus in the basal forebrain that plays a pivotal role in modulating motor activity and higher cognitive function.
		The striatum may be a special case—a region in which numbers of medium spiny neurons is more tightly regulated than neuron populations in some other regions.
		Multiplying the volume of the striatum by its cell-packing density permitted estimation of the number of neurons in that nucleus.
	www.nervenet.org /NetPapers/Rosen/Striatum2001/StriatumMain.html (5149 words)

	In Vivo Studies of Extracellular Metabolites in the Striatum After Distal Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in ...
		striatum for subsequent insertion of a dialysis probe.
		Perschak H, Cuenod M. In vivo release of endogenous glutamate and aspartate in the rat striatum during stimulation of the cortex.
		Leviel V, Gobert A, Guibert B. The glutamate-mediated release of dopamine in the rat striatum: further characterization of the dual excitatory-inhibitory function.
	stroke.ahajournals.org /cgi/content/full/26/5/878 (3590 words)

	Evidence for Functionally Distinct Synaptic NMDA Receptors in Ventromedial Versus Dorsolateral Striatum -- Chapman et ...
		of NMDAR-EPSCs in neurons in ventromedial and dorsolateral striatum
		-serine on synaptic NMDAR-EPSC peak amplitude from a neuron in ventromedial striatum.
		NMDARs in neurons in ventromedial versus dorsolateral striatum.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/89/1/69 (6123 words)

	New GABAergic interneurons in the adult neocortex and striatum are generated from different precursors -- Dayer et al. ...
		(E) An 11–12-wk-old BrdU+/GAD67+ neuron in the striatum is shown with surrounding neurons in E1 and in color and z-plane separations in E2.
		(F–H) 4–5-wk-old BrdU+/CR+ neurons were found in the striatum, and nearly all newborn striatal neurons were found in a region known to have a high density of CR+ neurons, seen in red on the section outline (H1, inset).
		Infusion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor into the lateral ventricle of the adult rat leads to new neurons in the parenchyma of the striatum, septum, thalamus, and hypothalamus.
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/full/168/3/415 (6693 words)

	Correlation Between Dopamine D2 Receptors in the Ventral Striatum and Central Processing of Alcohol Cues and Craving -- ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		of the medial prefrontal cortex and striatum by alcohol-associated
		the anterior cingulate (7) and the dorsal striatum (8).
		in the ventral striatum, particularly the nucleus accumbens,
	ajp.psychiatryonline.org /cgi/content/full/161/10/1783 (3596 words)

	Notch signaling coordinates the patterning of striatal compartments -- Mason et al. 132 (19): 4247 -- Development
		Ebf1 expression and ephrin A4/Fc binding is enriched in the matrix compartment of the striatum, and excluded from the SCS and patch regions.
		An immunohistochemical study of enkephalins and other neuropeptides in the striatum of the cat with evidence that the opiate peptides are arranged to form mosaic patterns in register with the striosomal compartments visible by acetylcholinesterase staining.
		Murrin, L. and Ferrer, J. Ontogeny of the rat striatum: correspondence of dopamine terminals, opiate receptors and acetylcholinesterase.
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/132/19/4247 (7906 words)

	Modulation of Synaptic Transmission by Dopamine and Norepinephrine in Ventral but not Dorsal Striatum -- Nicola and ...
		Lack of an effect of dopamine in the striatum is not due to enhanced dopamine reuptake.
		DA on excitatory synaptic transmission in the striatum and NAc.
		that reduction of excitatory synaptic transmission in the striatum
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/79/4/1768 (4649 words)

	Tracking the Hemodynamic Responses to Reward and Punishment in the Striatum -- Delgado et al. 84 (6): 3072 -- Journal ...
		A similar pattern was observed in the caudate regions identified in the analysis of main effects.
		observed in the striatum was repeated in this region.
		Contributions of the hippocampus, amygdala, and dorsal striatum to the response elicited by reward reduction.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/84/6/3072 (3799 words)

	Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulates dopaminergic and glutamatergic transmission in the striatum -- Chergui et al. 101 ...
		Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulates dopaminergic and glutamatergic transmission in the striatum -- Chergui et al.
		Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulates dopaminergic and glutamatergic transmission in the striatum
		CDK5 and p35 are present in several brain structures, including the neocortex (Cor), striatum (Str), and substantia nigra zona compacta (SNc).
	www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/101/7/2191 (3836 words)

	A role for Gsh1 in the developing striatum and olfactory bulb of Gsh2 mutant mice -- Toresson and Campbell 128 (23): ...
		The mammalian striatum is the major component of the basal ganglia
		The striatum is not the sole derivative of the LGE.
		striatum is reduced to 45% of the wild type.
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/full/128/23/4769 (6760 words)

	Aphyosemion striatum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Striatums vary a bit from region to region in their African home, some more red and others less green or yellow, but all following the same basic formula: stunning.
		After a few weeks most killies get over their fear of exposure and hang out in the open, especially at feeding time.
		My second foray into killifish ownership I hit pay dirt: one pair of striatum was purchased from Portland's Wet Spot Tropical Fish, and within 3 weeks I had over 100 fry.
	gpas.org /pub/flash/2003/Oct03/Aphy.htm (1943 words)

	CiteULike: Tag striatum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Neuronal signals in the monkey ventral striatum related to progress through a predictable series of trials.
		Neuronal activity in the monkey striatum during the initiation of movements.
		Dopamine release in the dorsal striatum during cocaine-seeking behavior under the control of a drug-associated cue.
	www.citeulike.org /tag/striatum (1252 words)

	Insular Cortical Projections to Functional Regions of the Striatum Correlate with Cortical Cytoarchitectonic ...
		to the striatum is related to their cytoarchitectonic differentiation.
		Projections to the lateral ventral striatum Cases MS53 and MS73 have injections of LY into the lateral ventral striatum.
		Greenspan JD, Winfield JA (1992) Reversible pain and tactile deficits associated with a cerebral tumor compressing the posterior insula and parietal operculum.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/17/24/9686 (6691 words)

	EGF amplifies the replacement of parvalbumin-expressing striatal interneurons after ischemia -- Teramoto et al. 111 ...
		(h) Progressive repopulation of PV neurons in the ischemic striatum measured as a percentage of PV neurons in ischemic striatum relative to the number in the nonischemic contralateral striatum.
		Epidermal and fibroblast growth factors behave as mitogenic regulators for a single multipotent stem cell-like population from the subventricular region of the adult mouse forebrain.
		EGF infusion stimulates the proliferation and migration of embryonic progenitor cells transplanted in the adult rat striatum.
	www.jci.org /cgi/content/full/111/8/1125 (5190 words)

	Neurodegeneration in Striatum Induced by the Mitochondrial Toxin 3-Nitropropionic Acid: Role of Matrix ...
		MMP-9 expression by zymography is increased in the injured striatum
		striatum and was increased in the samples from the injured striatum
		Nishino H, Hida H, Kumazaki M, Shimano Y, Nakajima K, Shimizu H, Ooiwa T, Baba H (2000) The striatum is the most vulnerable region in the brain to mitochondrial energy compromise: a hypothesis to explain its specific vulnerability.
	www.jneurosci.org /cgi/content/full/23/25/8733 (7662 words)

	Red-lined Killifish \| Aphyosemion striatum
		R: At higher temperatures, this species will lose some colors and live for shorter periods.
		BAS Daphnian Articles ~ Aphyosemion striatum (or how I got started...
		Use this form to make suggestions, correct errors, and contribute/submit pictures or content for this species profile.
	fish.mongabay.com /species/Aphyosemion_striatum.html (372 words)

	Sisyrinchium Striatum Info: Sisyrinchium Striatum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Sisyrinchium striatum - Sisyrinchium striatum is one of nearly 100 species in this genus of mostly perennial, rhizome or fibrous rooted Sisyrinchium striatum is a tall (2 to 3 feet) variety from Argentina...
		This Sisyrinchium striatum image is part of the royalty free photos and this Flowers section including this Sisyrinchium striatum photo may be available as...
		Sisyrinchium striatum - Wikimedia Commons - Sisyrinchium striatum.
	www.pages4u.co.uk /res_Sisyrinchium+Striatum_0.php (252 words)

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