Strike and dip - Factbites

Strike and dip - Factbites
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Topic: Strike and dip

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	Apparent Dip
		As we saw above, if this angle is 90 degrees (perpendicular) then the dip is at its maximum (the "true" dip of the beds), but when the angle between the cross section and the strike is anything less than 90 degrees then the apparent dip is some value less than the true dip.
		If we imagine a cross section taken perpendicular to strike, then we will see the beds inclined at their angle of dip (after all, dip is defined as being perpendicular to strike).
		All we have to know is the true dip (D) and the angle (Q) between the apparent dip direction (ADD) and true dip direction (TDD).
	www.uwrf.edu /~iw00/trigad.html (513 words)

	Oilfield Glossary: Term 'dip'
		Given the apparent dip and the strike, or two apparent dips, the true dip can be computed.
		True dip is the angle a plane makes with a horizontal plane, the angle being measured in a direction perpendicular to the strike of the plane.
		Apparent dip is the angle measured in any direction other than perpendicular to the strike of the plane.
	www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com /Display.cfm?Term=dip (143 words)

	Section 1 -- Footnotes
		Of course, some dip-slip faults also have near-vertical dips, so those diagrams could also have used near-vertical faults, were it not for the second reason -- maintaining the clarity of the relation between hanging wall and footwall.
		There is no tendency for dip-slip faults to form in places with horizontal sedimentary layers; these layers merely make the dip slip in the diagram more obvious.
		You may also notice that diagrams of dip-slip faults tend to have a horizontal layer beneath the surface of the "block".
	www.data.scec.org /Module/footnt02.html (174 words)

	Find the Apparent Dip of a Plane
		Tan (Apparent Dip) = Tan (True Dip) Sin (Angle between strike and cross-section).
		The dip of a plane as seen in an oblique section is called its apparent dip.
		We might want to know the apparent dip a bed would have in order to draw a cross-section, calculate where it would outcrop in a trench or highway cut, or for a variety of other reasons.
	www.uwgb.edu /dutchs/STRUCTGE/SL24AppDip.HTM (269 words)

	Deformation of Rocks
		One division of faults is between dip-slip faults, where the displacement is measured along the dip direction of the fault, and strike-slip faults where the displacement is horizontal, parallel to the strike of the fault.
		In recording strike and dip measurements on a geologic map, a symbol is used that has a long line oriented parallel to the compass direction of the strike.
		Fault Breccias are crumbled up rocks consisting of angular fragments that were formed as a result of grinding and crushing movement along a fault.
	earthsci.org /teacher/basicgeol/deform/deform.html (2506 words)

	Woods Hole Field Center Publications, Abstracts 2003
		The jump from a strike-slip fault near the trench in the Puerto Rico segment to an inland fault in Hispaniola is explained by different stress distributions in the forearc of the two segments due to the change from oblique slip on the subduction interface in Puerto Rico to dip slip in Hispaniola.
		GPS measurements indicate that oblique convergence under Hispaniola is partitioned between dip-slip reverse motion on the subduction interface and left-lateral strike-slip on known faults in the forearc at a distance of 60 km or more from the trench.
		Stress is enhanced on faults that are located closer to the trench and is reduced on faults farther inland for increasing slip obliquity, which is defined as the angle between the actual slip vector of a subduction zone and the vector normal to the overall trend of the subduction trench.
	woodshole.er.usgs.gov /bibliographies/2003/4024.html (511 words)

	References
		Cruden, D.M., and H.A.K. Charlesworth, 1976, Errors in strike and dip measurements: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v.
		Hubbert, M.K., 1931, Graphic solution of strike and dip from two angular components: American Association of Petroleum Geologist Bulletin, v.
	www.structural-geology-portal.com /references.html (511 words)

	Dip - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the field, the dip-direction is commonly identified using either a clinometer, or by pouring water on the surface of the rock(if it is accessible) and observing the direction of flow.
		The direction that is anti-clockwise of the dip-direction is known as the strike.
		Many dips are also relishes and a good example is guacamole.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Dip (277 words)

	dip
		{Dip of the horizon} (Astron.), the angular depression of the seen or visible horizon below the true or natural horizon; the angle at the eye of an observer between a horizontal line and a tangent drawn from the eye to the surface of the ocean.
		To take out by dipping a dipper, ladle, or other receptacle, into a fluid and removing a part -- often with out as to dip water from a boiler; to dip out water.
		[Southern U. {To dip the colors} (Naut.), to lower the colors and return them to place -- a form of naval salute.
	www.beetfoundation.com /words/d/dip.html (1028 words)

	Strike and Dip
		Strike and dip can also be measured using a regular compass and creating a clinometer out of a protractor.
		To begin to understand strike and dip, you need to have the right equipment.
		Since there are only a few areas around the earth that have not been subjected to tectonic forces and where the rocks lie in a completely flat, horizontal surface; understanding how to determine the dip and the strike of rock layers is an important aspect of geology.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/everyday_geology/70424 (511 words)

	Strike and Dip
		On maps, the strike and dip are indicated by a line parallel to the strike with a tick and number value to indicate the dip direction and dip respectively.
		Planes can be defined in space by their inclination or dip and their strike, the bearing of the line of intersection of the plane and a horizontal surface.
		Notice that if the dip were to the south we would write 45S/180 and 45/270 for the dip/strike and dip/dip-direction respectively.
	www.engr.usask.ca /~mjr347/prog/geoe118/geoe118.045.html (187 words)

	Strike Encyclopedia...
		Strikes are used, amongst other things, to render facilities inoperable, to assassinate enemy leaders and to limit supply to enemy troops.
		As any surface that is not horizontal will have two such directions, convention states that the direction of strike is taken as anti-clockwise from the dip-direction.
		Striking weapons include the club, the mace and the warhammer and is probably the oldest category of weapons known to humans.
	united-states.asinah.net /american-encyclopedia/wikipedia/s/st/strike.html (187 words)

	Strike Back Against Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back!!
		Expect Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back to take a 75% drop in box office totals next week and expect it to hit the dollar theaters in a couple weeks.
		Add to that the people from this site dissauding people from going to the movie and I'll be very surprised if the movie does not dip below the top ten this weekend.
		I was a first timer on one of Kevin's sets and having heard from reports from the media how laid back his previous sets were, I thought this would be a fun experience.
	www.jayandsilentbobstrikeback.com (5564 words)

	Encyclopedia: Geologic fault
		Faults can be categorized into three groups: normal faults, transform (or strike-slip) faults and reverse (or thrust) faults.
		For all naming distinctions, it is the orientation of the original dip and movement of the fault as it was active which must be considered, and not the present day orientation, which may have been altered by local or regional folding or tilting.
		Faults In plate tectonics, a transform boundary fault (also known as transform fault boundary, transform plate boundary, transform plate margin or conservative plate boundary) is said to occur when continental plates slide and grind against each other.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Geologic-fault (953 words)

	THE 3-D KINEMATICS OF DEFORMATION AT AN OBLIQUE RAMP, LEAMINGTON CANYON FAULT, CENTRAL UTAH
		Regardless of the oblique ramp dip, the measured 3-D strain ellipsoid long-axes show more deflection toward the oblique ramp strike than the maximum possible from the kinematic model.
		All other forms of reproduction and/or transmittal are prohibited without written permission from GSA Copyright Permissions.
		These plastic strains represent an early increment of deformation and reflect variations in transport over an oblique ramp, but the orientations of markers have been modified by subsequent folding of the LCF.
	gsa.confex.com /gsa/2002AM/finalprogram/abstract_36441.htm (953 words)

	Undergraduate Course Handbook for Earth Sciences
		Practical on fault plane solutions, and determining the strike, dip and rake of nodal planes, and horizontal slip vectors.
		Schubert, G., Turcotte, D.L. and Olson, P. (2001) Mantle Convection in the Earth and Planets.
		Practicals provide opportunities for developing computer skills in the modeling of basin flexure, tectonic subsidence and uplift, and crustal structure.
	www.earth.ox.ac.uk /handbook/handbook.htm (953 words)

	fault
		All types of faults have been recognized on the ocean floor: normal faults occur in the rift valleys associated with mid ocean ridges spreading at slow rates; strike-slip faults appear between the offset portions of mid-ocean ridges; and thrust faults occur at subducting plate boundaries.
		In dip-slip faults the term “hanging wall” is used for the side that lies vertically above the other, called the “footwall.” A fault in which the hanging wall moves down and the footwall is stationary is called a normal fault.
		Fault movements are measured using laser and other devices.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/sci/A0818338.html (479 words)

	Credit Investment News Breaking News and Strategies in the Bond and Loan Markets
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	www.creditinvestmentnews.com (479 words)

	Photo Glossary of Earthquakes
		A thrust fault is a reverse fault with a dip of 45° or less.
		A fault is a fracture along which the blocks of crust on either side have moved relative to one another parallel to the fracture.
		If the block opposite an observer looking across the fault moves to the right, the slip style is termed right lateral; if the block moves to the left, the motion is termed left lateral.
	earthquake.usgs.gov /image_glossary/fault.html (168 words)

	Faults.html
		In a normal fault the two involved blocks are (by gravity) pulling away from one another causing one of the fault blocks to slip upward and the other downward with respect to the fault plane (it is hard to determine whether both or just one block has moved.).
		The dip angles of thrust faults are normally not as steep as a normal fault.
		They are normally associated with areas of folded surfaces and or mountaineous regions.
	www.tinynet.com /faults.html (808 words)

	Facts about strike
		The strike of a geological unit is the compass direction along the plane of the unit where the unit has zero dip.
		Striking weapons include the club, the mace and the warhammer and is probably the oldest category of weapons known to humans.
		Strike is the generic name for a blunt, crushing attack made with or without a weapon.
	www.supercrawler.com /Facts/strike.html (364 words)

	Faults
		Movement along dip-slip faults is vertical; one side moves up and the other side moves down.
		A fault is a crack in the Earth's crust along which movement has occurred.
		Look across the fault to the other side.
	gpc.edu /~pgore/geology/geo101/faults.htm (104 words)

	Woods Hole Field Center Publications, Abstracts In Press
		The jump from a strike-slip fault near the trench in the Puerto Rico segment to an inland fault in Hispaniola is explained by different stress distributions in the forearc of the two segments due to the change from oblique slip on the subduction interface in Puerto Rico to dip slip in Hispaniola.
		GPS measurements indicate that oblique convergence under Hispaniola is partitioned between dip-slip reverse motion on the subduction interface and left-lateral strike-slip on known faults in the forearc at a distance of 60 km or more from the trench.
		The observations and modeling suggest that seismic and tsunami hazard to Puerto Rico from oblique subduction and from subduction-induced forearc strike-slip earthquakes is much smaller than previously assumed, but hazard to Hispaniola remains high.
	woodshole.er.usgs.gov /bibliographies/inpress/4024.html (104 words)

	www.mineweb.net co_releases Bravo Venture Group
		Six to nine metre intervals of lower grade mineralization (1.4g/t to 2.3 g/t Au) in holes HR05-13, HR-14 and HR-15 underlie the high-grade lens which remains open along strike and down dip to the northwest and southeast.
		Drilling has identified a persistently mineralized structure for over 300 metres of strike length, significantly increasing the size of the known high-grade lens and identified a new silver-rich style of mineralization previously unrecognized in the Crown Grant mineralized zone.
		The company said the program successfully extended the zone of higher grade mineralization (>3g/t Au over >1 metre) by 135 metres along strike and to a depth of 200 metres.
	www.mineweb.net /co_releases/504623.htm (752 words)

	Faulty Reasoning
		The dip is the angle between the trace of the horizontal plane and the trace of the plane under consideration in a plane normal to the strike, a dip plane.
		The strike is the bearing of a horizontal line in the plane, the intersection of the plane with the horizontal plane, and is usually specified by the bearing to the east or west of north, from 0° to 90°.
		If A" and B" are corresponding points, then the slip is A"B" and the fault is strike-slip or transcurrent.
	www.du.edu /~jcalvert/geol/faulty.htm (752 words)

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	2000, Moslow
		Turbidite channels are associated with significant lateral discontinuity along depositional strike due to cross-cutting but have lateral continuity along dispositional dip.
		Turbidite channels coalesce down-dip towards the base of slope and then grade into turbidite lobes b asinward.
		The ramp-edge orientation is fault controlled and marks the onset of rapid and abrupt thickening of lowstand facies associations.
	www.gcssepm.org /pubs/2000_ab_11.htm (388 words)

	SDNHM: Faults and Earthquakes in San Diego County
		Strike-slip faults are caused by horizontal shearing tectonic forces and result in the rocks on either side of the fault moving in opposite directions.
		A normal dip-slip fault is caused by extensional (pull apart) tectonic forces and a reverse dip-slip fault is caused by compressional (pushing) tectonic forces.
		Faults that primarily have vertical movement are called Dip-slip faults and come in two primary types.
	www.sdnhm.org /research/paleontology/sdfaults.html (388 words)

	Find a Fold Axis From the Intersection of Bedding and Foliation
		If you have a locality where the foliation is vertical (as it often is) and the strike of the bedding is perpendicular to it, the foliation defines the trend of the fold axis and the dip of the bedding defines the plunge.
		The intersection of bedding and foliation defines the fold axis, and if the bedding is perpendicular to the foliation then the intersection is down the dip of the bed.
		However, fanning foliation usually is still parallel to the fold axis so the method of finding the fold axis from the intersection of bedding and foliation can still be applied.
	www.uwgb.edu /dutchs/STRUCTGE/SL44FAxFromBCl.HTM (510 words)

	PRISM - Research Projects: Quantitative Studies of Rock Abrasion on Earth & Mars -- Mojave Desert Little Cowholes Research Log
		N-facing ventifact slope: dip is 45° to the northwest; strike is N35E
		S-facing ventifact slope: 65° dip; sloping to SW; Strike approx N38°W
		QTVR Panoramic View (4 MB) Click image to view.
	prism.asu.edu /jpl/mojave.asp (568 words)

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