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	August Strindberg - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Strindberg is known as one of the fathers of modern theater.
		Strindberg was married to three women, Siri von Essen, Frieda Uhl, and lastly Harriet Bosse.
		Strindberg's relationships with women were troubled, and his legacy of words and deeds has often been interpreted as misogynist by both his contemporaries as well as modern readers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Strindberg (589 words)

	Strindberg, Johan August. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Strindberg was the unwanted fourth child of a once well-to-do father and a mother who had come to his father’s house as a servant.
		Strindberg’s first mature drama, Master Olaf (written c.1873), showed the influence of Ibsen and Shakespeare; it represented the personality of the author in three characters.
		Strindberg’s life was complicated by an unsuccessful suit brought against him for blasphemy as a result of his stories in Married (2 vol., 1884–85), which derogated women and denounced conventional religious practices.
	www.bartleby.com /65/st/Strindbe.html (663 words)

	AUGUST STRINDBERG - LoveToKnow Article on AUGUST STRINDBERG (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Strindbergs mastery of the art of description is perhaps seen at its best in the novels of life in the Swedish archipelago, in Hemsohorna (The Inhabitants of HemsO, 1887), one of the best existing novels of popular Swedish life, and Skarkarislif (Life of an Island Lad, 1890).
		Strindberg has provided a quantity of what is really autobiographical material, with an account of the origin of his various books, in the form of a novel, Tjensteqvinnans son (The Son of a Servant, 1886-1887), with the sub-title of A Souls Development.
		Strindbergs first marriage was an unfortunate one, and was dissolved in 1893.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /S/ST/STRINDBERG_AUGUST.htm (924 words)

	Hillyer
		Strindberg also may have known that Omphale means "navel," associating it to the womb, which to him was the area from whence life came--and returned, according to the myth of the voracious consumption of the Terrible Mother.
		Strindberg's womb-tomb equation is manifested in a fear of the dark, cited by the biographer Gunnar Brandell.
		Strindberg spoke of his own spiritual uterus, his feelings of being a bitch, his dreams of women as men and without breasts, his semen samples, his frustration with his own masculinity--all of which suggests that his fear of sexuality in women might have been more a confusion with his own sexuality.
	www.salemstate.edu /sextant/v4n1/hillyer.html (2995 words)

	little blue light - August Strindberg
		Strindberg was forced to briefly return to Stockholm in 1884 to defend himself at trial, where he was acquitted.
		Strindberg was becoming increasingly bitter and resentful toward his wife, an attitude reflected in the second volume of Married he was working on at the time.
		Strindberg felt humiliated being in a such a position of dependence and again turned his attention to Paris, where he hoped to use the recent Parisian interest in Scandinavian literature to alleviate his financial difficulties.
	www.littlebluelight.com /lblphp/intro.php?ikey=26 (2859 words)

	August Strindberg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Staying at Gersau in Switzerland in 1886, Strindberg photographed a series of portraits of himself in the roles of author, paterfamilias, gentleman, musician etc. In many of the photographs of the Gersau series the composition is impressionistically asymmetrical with peculiar croppings.
		In the 1890s Strindberg was taken with the ideaa of photographing the human soul and spoke at lenght of "psychological portraits" to be taken with a lensless camera.
		Strindberg was able to realize some of his photographic ideas with assistance of the professional photographers John Lundgren, Otto Johansson and Herman Anderson.
	www.gallen-kallela.fi /artnoir/Strindberg.html (248 words)

	August Strindberg -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Strindberg was married to three women, Siri von Essen, Frieda Uhl, and lastly (additional info and facts about Harriet Bosse) Harriet Bosse.
		Strindberg's relationships with women were troubled, and his legacy of words and deeds has often been interpreted as (A misanthrope who dislikes women in particular) misogynist by both his contemporaries as well as modern readers.
		After his death, some (A licensed practitioner of psychoanalysis) psychoanalysts have speculated that his contradictory and difficult character was due to his fear of his own latent (A sexual attraction to (or sexual relations with) persons of the same sex) homosexuality.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/au/august_strindberg.htm (645 words)

	Miss Julie - Strindberg, gender and society (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Strindberg believed that the attempts of women to obtain social equality and equal suffrage were challenges to this natural law.
		Strindberg despised contemporary theatre, which he believed to be 'a dying art form' because of the failure of playwrights to challenge audiences with their productions.
		Strindberg believed that as a Naturalist he should make what he called a 'soul-complex' of a character, rich with the effects on the mind of the past and present events.
	www.filmeducation.org /secondary/MissJulie/docs/strindberg.html (772 words)

	SignOnSanDiego.com > News > Features -- Wake-up call
		Strindberg's ambition was to use the realm of dreams not as a feature of a play (as had previously been done, from Shakespeare on down), but as the form and substance of the play itself.
		But Strindberg was the first to attempt to re-create the way a dream is experienced in real time – the fluidity of personality and time; the juxtaposition of disparate events and feelings that feel logical in the moment; and the dreamer's ability to step out of, and back into, the dream.
		The dreamer, according to Harvey, who wrote her doctoral thesis on Strindberg, is the playwright himself; no character in the play, not even the daughter, occupies the generative role of the dreamer.
	www.signonsandiego.com /news/features/20041014-9999-lz1w14wake-up.html (688 words)

	Tate Modern \| Past Exhibitions \| August Strindberg: Painter, Photographer, Writer
		August Strindberg (1849-1912) is known as a prolific writer of novels and plays but he was also an extremely radical painter for his time.
		Strindberg turned to painting in times of upheaval in his personal life or when his capacity as a writer failed him.
		Strindberg believed that chance played a vital role in the creative process andÂ explored this concept in his painting, photography and artistic writings.
	www.tate.org.uk /modern/exhibitions/strindberg (260 words)

	The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition: Strindberg, Johan August @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		STRINDBERG, JOHAN AUGUST [Strindberg, Johan August], 1849-1912, Swedish dramatist and novelist.
		Strindberg's first mature drama, Master Olaf (written c.1873), showed the influence of Ibsen and Shakespeare ; it represented the personality of the author in three characters.
		Strindberg's life was complicated by an unsuccessful suit brought against him for blasphemy as a result of his stories in Married (2 vol., 1884-85), which derogated women and denounced conventional religious practices.
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1E1:Strindbe&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (683 words)

	Art in America: Strindberg's dreamscapes: the great Swedish dramatist August Strindberg was also a visionary painter ...
		Strindberg's crystallographs and celestographs, unlike his paintings, can be considered truly abstract, and yet because they are photographs, they remain indexes of some underlying reality, however mysterious its nature.
		Strindberg must have recognized their startling kinship with his efforts as a painter, despite the fact that his impulse toward photography grew out of his lifelong fascination with science (which eventually yielded to a preoccupation with the supernatural) more than from strictly artistic concerns.
		Among the most memorable of Strindberg's paintings is The Vita Marrn Seamark II (1892) with its strangely minatory little geometrical glyph imposed in ghostly white on the center of a picture whose glowering, flish sky is nearly as harsh in appearance as the anthracitic rock that makes up most of the lower part.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1248/is_4_90/ai_84669344/pg_2 (1103 words)

	eAbsinthe.com: August Strindberg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Strindberg was an absinthe guzzling misogynist, the browbeating godfather of naturalist drama.
		Like Tchaikovsky, Strindberg was so far ahead of his time that he never really enjoyed the success that his talents deserved, but his influence can be seen in the works of German Expressionism, Eugene O'Neill, Samuel Beckett, and Harold Pinter.
		After his mother died in1862, his father remarried, and Strindberg's hate for his stepmother seems to have profoundly affected the playwright - in 1907 he published a piece entitled, Woman's Inferiority To Man. Indeed, critics will point to his misogyny as the flawed cornerstone of his output.
	www.eabsinthe.com /past/strindberg.htm (578 words)

	Scandinavian Review: August Strindberg: Still in the middle of the battle
		The Swedish dramatist and novelist, August Strindberg (1849-1912) was a master of the Swedish language and an innovator in literary styles [who] cannot be classified in any one school; he was by turns a naturalist, an iconoclast, and a mystic, but his work bears always the stamp of his individuality.
		Strindberg was a voracious reader and a constantly creative personality, exploring everything from contemporary science to religion and the occult.
		Strindberg was one of the first and remains one of the best authors to portray the battle of the sexes, whether in the living room or the bedroom.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3760/is_200001/ai_n8891433 (1363 words)

	Guardian Unlimited Books \| Review \| Ibsen and Strindberg - necessary opposites
		You only have to read the preface to Miss Julie to see that Strindberg envisioned the kind of theatre we all now recognise: one that banished needless intervals, removed painted props and scenery, simplifed mask-like make-up and was based on a collaborative intimacy.
		Strindberg also wrote about sex with absolute realism, dramatising the compound of love, hate, fury and desire that characterises random couplings and permanent relationships.
		With economic mastery, Strindberg leaves you questioning whether it is the implacably lonely mistress or the nervously surviving wife who is the stronger of the two.
	books.guardian.co.uk /review/story/0,12084,894894,00.html (1424 words)

	August Strindberg
		Strindberg was married three times - several of his plays drew on the problems of his marriages and reflected his constant interest in self-analysis.
		Strindberg's childhood was poor and miserable - he was shy and family tensions depressed him.
		Strindberg's series of historical plays from this period included GUSTAV VASA, (1899), ERIK XIV (1899), a portrait of a man who was half-genius, half-psychopath, and GUSTAF ADOLF (1900), in which the king is an instument of the ideal of religious freedom.
	www.kirjasto.sci.fi /strindbe.htm (2445 words)

	August Strindberg (1849-1912)
		One of Strindberg's early plays, The Outlaw, set in ancient Ireland, won him a stipend from Charles XV and allowed him to return to the university, but he quickly began to quarrel with his instructors and dropped out again, eventually retiring to an island and devoting himself to writing.
		In Strindberg's best work, his male and female characters are inevitably bound together in a perverse and dependent relationship, torn between their desire to destroy one another and an equally strong, nymphomaniacal desire for physical possession.
		A master of both naturalism and symbolism, and a forerunner of the expressionism of the post-war theatre, Strindberg continued to write of the alienated modern man, desperate and alone in a forsaken universe until his death in 1912.
	www.imagi-nation.com /moonstruck/clsc8.htm (574 words)

	Henrik Strindberg - Within Trees
		Strindberg is seen as a thorough structuralist, with reference to his working out of compositional methods as well as systems, in addition to the pure act of composing; the end result.
		This scientific atmosphere which is felt like an aura around Strindberg and his work is duly amplified and reinforced by the artwork which he has chosen for the booklet; a number of yellow pages with what looks like wiring diagrams.
		In fact – and this is not possible to know without an explanation – the title itself has to do with the compositional structure, which differs from the traditional way of composing for orchestra, appearing instead in a kind of tree structure.
	home.swipnet.se /sonoloco13/phonosuecia/strindberg.html (1510 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Vilified in his homeland for naturalistic works like Miss Julie and The Father, he had already been through two divorces – a third was yet to come – as well as many years of impoverishment and the loss of his three children from his first marriage.
		Yet he was a man who possessed demonic persistence, and the route out of his impasse led through one of the strangest episodes in the turbulent life of a master of modern literature.
		Paris was the cultural capital of the 19th century, and by 1893, some of Strindberg’s works had already been performed there.
	www.forteantimes.com /articles/180_strindberg1.shtml (610 words)

	Art in America: Strindberg's dreamscapes: the great Swedish dramatist August Strindberg was also a visionary painter ...
		The Strindberg show was concurrent with a show of the prints of the German Max Klinger (1857-1920) and a large retrospective of the Swiss Symbolist Arnold Bocklin (1827-1901).
		What's astonishing about Strindberg's efforts as an artist, whatever their limitations, is that his paintings and at least some of his photography turn out to be so fundamentally nonliterary that they live entirely in their material instantiation.
		Strindberg's first attempts at painting--mostly sea- or shorescapes, as many of his later efforts would be as well--belong to the years 1871-74.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m1248/is_4_90/ai_84669344 (1001 words)

	Guardian Unlimited \| The Guardian \| Strindberg on stage and on show
		While Strindberg's A Dream Play is staged at the National in February, (a work described by the National's artistic director, Nicholas Hytner, as "famously impossible"), a retrospective of his landscapes and photographs will be shown at Tate Modern.
		Strindberg turned seriously to painting in his 40s, when struggling to write after his divorce in 1891 from his first wife, Siri von Essen.
		Mitchell stressed the close relationship between Strindberg's art and writing: "It's rare to have a playwright with such a refined visual sense," she said.
	www.guardian.co.uk /uk_news/story/0,3604,1344012,00.html (332 words)

	August Strindberg at Tate Modern < Reviews < London SE1
		Strindberg at Tate Modern is a passionate and convincing painter who is yet in uproar; truly a man ‘rolled round in earth’s diurnal course’, as Wordsworth had written a century earlier.
		Strindberg himself described this stretch of his native land as ‘a country only previously seen in dreams, or in some past life’.
		The recurring motif of a breaking wave, seen in one room in the exhibition, shows brooding volcanic seas with skies still heavier which must be apt for him: the social isolation from Sweden as iconaclast and blasphemist determining the work he produces yet paradoxically suspended; a anticipant upon the response of others.
	www.london-se1.co.uk /news/view.php?ArtID=1422 (522 words)

	Tate Modern \| Past Exhibitions \| August Strindberg: Painter, Photographer, Writer
		Johan August Strindberg is born on 22 January in Stockholm, the third son of shipping agent Carl Oscar Strindberg and Ulrika Eleonora Norling, his former housekeeper.
		As a boy Strindberg is shy and withdrawn, but shows a passionate interest in natural science and religion.
		Strindberg’s writings on politics and religion provoke a furious debate in the Swedish press known as the ‘Strindberg feud’, in which leading writers take sides for or against Strindberg.
	www.tate.org.uk /modern/exhibitions/strindberg/timeline.shtm (1307 words)

	Jens Bj rneboe: Strindberg the fertile
		With all the misery he went though as a writer, he was in fact spared the worst of all: to be elevated to the status of saint.
		In Strindberg this is the real spiritual difference between the sexes, and all his dissections of women have this object: to test whether it is not possible to find an organ of truth in women too — despite everything.
		Strindberg stands on the other side of the watershed; he is a modern person in a wholly different sense.
	emurer.home.att.net /texts/strindberg.htm (1766 words)

	Strindberg's Miss Julie at the Berkshire Theatre Festival
		And Strindberg’s restless genius demanded not only the symbolism of boots, but hinted at a surreal sadistic/masochistic quality that would soon surface in plays such as his The Ghost Sonata and The Dream Play.
		She is disgusted with his actions but does not forget before she leaves for church (where the sermon fittingly is to concern the beheading of John the Baptist) to warn the stable against letting out the horses.
		Strindberg quickly assembled the actors and he and the two Shaws saw a private performance.
	www.newberkshire.com /reviews/julie.html (796 words)

	Symbolism Page at Theatre with Anatoly, Strindberg
		Strindberg: Five Plays -- Strindberg's most important and most frequently performed plays: The Father, Miss Julie, A Dream Play, The Dance of Death, and The Ghost Sonataare gathered together here in translations praised for their fluency and their elegance.
		Strindberg is also venerated as a progenitor of the expressionist theater, though he did explicitly theorize about expressionism as he did about naturalism.
		Strindberg’s play is one of the harshest in the canon of world drama.
	www.vtheatre.net /script/symbol.html (4849 words)

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