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	Why strings?
		Originally, string theory was proposed as an explanation for the observed relationship between mass and spin for certain particles called hadrons, which include the proton and neutron.
		But particles in string theory arise as excitations of the string, and included in the excitations of a string in string theory is a particle with zero mass and two units of spin.
		This led early string theorists to propose that string theory be applied not as a theory of hadronic particles, but as a theory of quantum gravity, the unfulfilled fantasy of theoretical physics in the particle and gravity communities for decades.
	superstringtheory.com /basics/basic3.html (483 words)

	String field theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		String field theory is a proposal to define string theory in such a way that the background independence is respected.
		String field theory can be understood as a quantum field theory with infinitely many fields which are unified into one master "string field".
		String field theory did not turn out to be helpful in the second superstring revolution because this revolution has revealed that other objects such as branes are as fundamental as the strings themselves.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/String_field_theory (224 words)

	NOVA \| The Elegant Universe \| A Theory of Everything? \| PBS
		String theory thereby unravels the central Gordian knot of contemporary theoretical physics.
		String theory proclaims, for instance, that the observed particle properties—that is, the different masses and other properties of both the fundamental particles and the force particles associated with the four forces of nature (the strong and weak nuclear forces, electromagnetism, and gravity)—are a reflection of the various ways in which a string can vibrate.
		Just as the strings on a violin or on a piano have resonant frequencies at which they prefer to vibrate—patterns that our ears sense as various musical notes and their higher harmonics—the same holds true for the loops of string theory.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/elegant/everything.html (1503 words)

	Super G-String Field Theory (figures to appear)
		In conclusion, this is a major new paper by the pioneers in the field, so you're going to have to read the rest of the paper whether you understand it or not, or at least convince other people that you did by memorizing all the catch phrases.
		Since string field theory is becoming more and more a part of everyday life (so far, no disagreement has been found with experiment [2]), we here apply this formalism to the most important string, the super G [2]-string [3].
		In this way, the beauty of string theory is made very similar to that of classical music, as suggested by the term "G-string" (although we had a different type of beauty in mind when we invented the term).
	insti.physics.sunysb.edu /~siegel/parodies/sgsft.html (2615 words)

	String Localization, Once Again \| The String Coffee Table
		I only lament a bit that for a newcomer the terminology “string” may be misunderstood to mean that the objects the theory deals with are localized along strings in Minkowski spacetime in the same (quantum) sense as standard quantum fields are localized at a point.
		To be sure, there are objects (string-localized fields) which only exist in a string-localized form, but they have nothing to do with string theory (they are mentioned with references); that they have infinite helicity towers instead of mass towers seems to be purely coincidental.
		I also want to point out that I have nothing against string theory per se, it is the social concommitant phenomenon of string theory which constitutes the backbone of may essay (this is also why I posted it in physics/ it only got to hep-th/ by crossing).
	golem.ph.utexas.edu /string/archives/000778.html (3397 words)

	String Theory
		String theory has its origins in a model of the heavier elements proposed by Yoichiro Nambu in the late 1950s.
		In sting theory, the excitation modes that are the theoretical basis for matter and the four forces are analogous to different notes on a violin string.
		String theories that incorporate this model are called superstring theories.
	www.upei.ca /~phys221/faube/string_theory.html (454 words)

	How does string field theory differ from string theory
		String theory as it has developed is not a field theory.
		String theory, whether formulated as a field theory or not, is a largely philosophical theory.
		Kaku is the co founder of string field theory.
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?t=5455 (2366 words)

	Not Even Wrong » Blog Archive » Motl on String Field Theory
		One way of motivating quantum field theory is to start with a “first-quantized” quantum theory of particles (perhaps defined by integrating over paths), then “second-quantize” by considering a quantum theory of fields, where the fields are defined on the space the points in the path move in.
		The natural generalization to string theory would be to start with the “first-quantized” theory of strings given by doing path integrals over the possible worldsheets traced out by the moving strings (these are conformal field theories), then “second quantize” by quantizing fields defined on the infinite dimensional space of loops.
		There are an infinite number of string field theories, each corresponding to a choice of conformal background and a particular decomposition of the moduli space of Riemann surfaces.
	www.math.columbia.edu /~woit/wordpress/?p=80 (707 words)

	MIT Physics Faculty: Barton Zwiebach
		His central contributions have been in the area of String Field Theory, where he did the early work on the construction of open string field theory and then developed the field theory of closed strings.
		In 1999, Ashoke Sen and Zwiebach showed that open string field theory can be used to calculate the tachyon potential and to confirm the existence of a critical point at the expected depth.
		The developments that followed led to vacuum string field theory, a new version of open string field theory based on the vacuum of the tachyon.
	web.mit.edu /physics/facultyandstaff/faculty/barton_zwiebach.html (382 words)

	Theoretical Elementary Particle Physics - Chicago
		The Particle Theory Group at the University of Chicago, part of the Enrico Fermi Institute, carries out research on a wide range of theoretical topics in formal and phenomenological particle physics, including field theory, string theory, supersymmetry, the standard model, cosmology, and mathematical physics.
		String theory appears to be a very fruitful source of ideas for tackling these problems, and I have been involved in exploring their consequences.
		With string theory, and with field theories on non-commutative spaces, there are now more explicit models, and we are studying their implications.
	physics.uchicago.edu /t_part.html (3277 words)

	Superstring theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Superstring theory is an attempt to explain all of the particles and fundamental forces of nature in one theory by modeling them as vibrations of tiny supersymmetric strings.
		Superstring theory is a shorthand for "supersymmetric string theory" because unlike bosonic string theory, it is the version of string theory that incorporates fermions and supersymmetry.
		The graviton (the proposed messenger particle of the gravitational force), for example, is predicted by the theory to be a string with wave amplitude zero.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Superstring_theory (1025 words)

	The Reference Frame: Berkovits string field theory
		It is generally hard to extend Witten's cubic Chern-Simons-like string field theory to the case of RNS superstrings because the RNS formalism requires the picture changing operators that look awkward in the string field language.
		These subtleties are somewhat analogous to the case of twistor string field theory.
		Bosonic string theory may be a part of string theo...
	motls.blogspot.com /2006/02/berkovits-string-field-theory.html (380 words)

	Itzhak Bars, Research Interests
		early contributions to string theory include the non-trivial quantization of the two-dimensional string, and the first treatment of 1-branes interacting with 0-branes (interpreted as quarks at the ends of a string).
		In the conformal field theory era of string theory I emphasized the importance of strings moving in backgrounds with curved space-time, since string theory should play its main role during the (surely curved) early universe.
		Among all the formulations of string theory since its inception, string field theory stands out as the most complete scheme as a non-perturbative formulation that seems, in principle, to be better positioned to answer the central physics questions.
	physics.usc.edu /~bars/research.html (2054 words)

	Manifest background independent formulation of string field theory
		To consider string theories around non-conformal backgrounds, surfaces having both symmetric and antisymmetric punctures were introduced.
		Thus, the vertices appearing in the string action were those with (i) g > 0 (note that the g=1, n=m=0, corresponding to the one-loop vacuum graph is a special case having dimension 2 rather than 0), (ii) g = 0, 2n+3m>5 (with suitable generalisations for the open-closed theory).
		The result was the entire theory could now be summarised by the classical master equation for the sum of string vertices: {B,B}=0 where B is summed over all vertices with g,n,m >= 0.
	www.lns.cornell.edu /spr/2003-11/msg0056795.html (949 words)

	string theory
		String theory (and its alter ego M-theory) is currently the most viable candidate for a unified theory of physics which describes all forces of nature, encompassing the physics of gravity as well as quantum field theory.
		Washington Taylor is working on nonperturbative formulations of string theory, including M(atrix) theory and string field theory, and on applications of string theory to cosmology.
		Barton Zwiebach is working on tachyon condensation and string field theory, and he has recently written an undergraduate textbook on string theory.
	ctp.lns.mit.edu /research/researchareas/stringtheory.html (244 words)

	Ted Erler's Research
		String field theory can be understood as a generalization of ordinary quantum field theory where the "fields" are function(al)s of a path, rather than local functions on spacetime.
		Making a Fourier decomposition of the path, it is possible to rewrite the string field as an infinite collection of local spacetime fields, which in turn give rise to "particles"---for example the graviton---corresponding to different vibrational modes of the string.
		The advantage of string field theory is that it gives a unified framework in which it is possible, at least in principle, to address questions in string theory that go beyond perturbative scattering amplitudes.
	gabriel.physics.ucsb.edu /~terler/research.htm (551 words)

	String Field Theory?
		language that is as similar to regular quantum field theory as possible.
		theory, string field theory is very good to study questions such as the
		String field theory used to be believed to be useful for nonperturbative
	www.physicsforums.com /showthread.php?t=17837 (1176 words)

	FreeScience - Books - String theory
		Classical strings, covariant and light-cone quantization, supersymmetric strings, anomaly cancelation, compactification, T-duality, supersymmetry breaking, and threshold corrections to low-energy couplings are discussed.
		Sen's conjectures on open string tachyon condensation and their application to the D-brane physics have led to wide investigations of the covariant string field theory proposed by Witten about 15 years ago.
		We describe also methods which are used to study the cubic open string field theory around the tachyon vacuum: construction of the sliver state, ``comma'' and matrix representations of vertices.
	www.freescience.info /books.php?id=107 (362 words)

	Rescuing String Field Theory and Background Independence
		Edward Witten of Topological Quantum Field Theory (TQFT) came up with the answer in his paper "On background independent open-string field theory," arXiv:hep-h/9208027 v1 10 Aug 92, although whether he realized it or not I don't know.
		The concern of the whole paper is to know what properties a space of all 2-dimensional field theories should have to allow defining a gauge invariant Lagrangian, for the case of open (bosonic) strings.
		He hopes that an anticommuting vector field on the space of closed-string theories can be done by embedding the two-dimensional world-sheet as a non-topological defect in a higher dimensional topological theory and using the higher dimensional world similarly to the way that he used the disc in this paper.
	superstringtheory.com /forum/dualboard/messages9/54.html (533 words)

	Discovery of the Unified Field
		Since self-referral is the characteristic quality of consciousness, and since the Unified Field of Natural Law is a completely self-referral field, it is natural to conclude that the unmanifest, quantum-mechanical Unified Field of Natural Law is identical* with the field of consciousness in its pure, self-referral state.
		This identification of the Unified Field of Natural Law as the field of self-referral consciousness is clearly substantiated by very recent developments in quantum cosmology—a fundamental area of science which investigates the basic mechanics of how the eternal, self-referral dynamism of the unmanifest Unified Field gives rise to a sequentially evolving manifest universe.
		Thus quantum cosmology verifies that the Unified Field observes itself in a completely self-referral manner and thereby confirms that the unmanifest, quantum-mechanical Unified Field of Natural Law is* a field of self-referral consciousness which generates the whole manifest universe by its process of self-observation.
	www.worldpeaceendowment.org /invincibility/invincibility6.html (748 words)

	CFTs from OSFT? \| The String Coffee Table
		This way the theory of (super)conformal deformations of (super)conformal field theories might nicely be connected to string field theory.
		That’s conceptually because the action of string field theory is of the form of Chern-Simons theory, a topological field theory.
		For instance it is clear that the single type of interaction between open strings is the trivalent graph, where two strings merge to become a single one or one string splits in two, alternatively.
	golem.ph.utexas.edu /string/archives/000356.html (6777 words)

	INTRODUCTION TO STRING FIELD THEORY
		This volume covers the most up-to-date findings on string field theory.
		It is presented in a new approach as a result of insights gained from the theory.
		This includes the use of a universal method for treating free field theories, which allows the derivation of a single, simple, free, local, Poincare-invariant, gauge-invariant action that can be applied directly to any fields.
	www.worldscibooks.com /physics/0715.html (146 words)

	PROGRESS IN STRING THEORY
		Intended mainly for advanced graduate students in theoretical physics, this comprehensive volume covers recent advances in string theory and field theory dualities.
		Tachyon condensation for open strings is discussed in the third lecture by Ashoke Sen while Eva Silverstein provides a useful summary of the various attempts to produce four-dimensional physics out of string theory and M-theory in the fourth lecture.
		Matthew Strassler’s fifth lecture is a careful discussion of a theory that has played a very important role in recent developments in string theory — a quantum field theory that produces a duality cascade which also has a large N gravity description.
	www.worldscibooks.com /physics/5886.html (335 words)

	Centre for Research in String Theory
		Welcome to the webhome of the String Theory group, in the Department of Physics at Queen Mary, University of London.
		The String Theory Group at Queen Mary hosted a workshop on M-theory from November 9 - 11, 2006.
		The EPSTAR (Experimental Particle, String Theory and Astronomy Research) Consortium will be launched with a series of events in the week 12-16 February 2007.
	www.strings.ph.qmw.ac.uk (412 words)

	String Reviews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		(An explanation of the basic idea of string theory intended for the general public may be found here.) Other string links, including online conference proceedings, are listed here.
		Robert H. Brandenberger (Workshop on String Cosmology held from July 24 - Aug. 4 2000 at PIMS, Univ. of British Columbia, to be published in APCTP Bulletin # 6, 2001).
		Based on lectures given in 1997 at the Isaac Newton Institute, Cambridge, the Trieste Spring School on String Theory, and at the 31rst International Symposium Ahrenshoop in Buckow).
	www.nuclecu.unam.mx /~alberto/physics/stringrev.html (5080 words)

	String Field Theory Camp
		The research groups at UBC interested in strings and in the sphere of the APCTP in Korea have forged a strong connection over the years.
		Part of the rationale for this workshop is to solidify this collaboration with a period of intensive work.
		The intended product of the collaboration is outstanding original research on string field theory.
	www.pims.math.ca /birs/workshops/2004/04frg538 (123 words)

	It’s Equal but It’s Different (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Geometric quantization of the moduli space of the Self-duality equations on a Riemann surface and Geometric quantization of a hyper-Kähler structure in the Self-dual Yang-Mills on a Riemann surface
		String theory, quantum mechanics and noncommutative geometry: a new perspective on the gravitational dynamics of D0-branes
		Aspects of Twistor Geometry and Supersymmetric Field Theories within Superstring Theory
	blog.olympus.het.brown.edu /science/index.php?tag=string_theory (434 words)

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