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Strobilurin resistance/Managing powdery mildew Resistance to strobilurin fungicides in the cucurbit powdery mildew fungus was detected in the USA in 2002. Strobilurins have been available for commercial use in the USA beginning in 1998 when azoxystrobin received Section 18 registration in some states for cucurbit powdery mildew. Strobilurins could be used more wisely if the proportion of the powdery mildew pathogen population that is resistant to strobilurins was known before the first application of these fungicides and the impact was known of resistance management programs on the pathogen population. vegetablemdonline.ppath.cornell.edu /NewsArticles/Cuc_Strob.htm   (1701 words)

Strobilurin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Strobilurins are a group of chemical compounds used in agriculture as fungicides. Some strobilurins are azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, picoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, oryzastrobin, dimoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin. Strobilurins represented a major development in fungus-based fungicides. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Strobilurin   (117 words)

FruitNet Weekly Report   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24) Sovran and Flint are strobilurin fungicides; Nova, Rubigan, and Procure are SI fungicides. A strobilurin or SI fungicide should be used at tight cluster and/or pink to ensure adequate mildew control and to ensure complete control of apple scab during this critical period. If growers opt to use strobilurin fungicides in combination with a contact fungicide, it is imperative that the rate of strobilurin in the mixture be maintained at the same level as for sprays where the strobilurin is applied alone. www.maes.msu.edu /nwmihort/faxnet423.htm   (1626 words)

Resistant Pest Management Newsletter   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24) Strobilurin resistance did not appear to be a factor in pyraclostrobin efficacy being lower in 2000 (76%)(Zitter et al 2001) than in 1999 (92%)(Drennan et al 2000) in Freeville, NY. Using strobilurin fungicides alone, as was done in the research fields, exerts more selection pressure for strobilurin resistance than using them with DMIs and contact fungicides in a resistance management program; however, the size of the population exposed to this high selection pressure in research fields is extremely small compared to that in commercial fields. Strobilurin resistance likely occurs in commercial fields, but was more easily detected in research fields where plants treated with effective fungicides and non-treated plants provided comparisons. whalonlab.msu.edu /rpmnews/vol.12_no.2/globe/rpm_g_mcgrath_shishkoff_2_.htm   (2714 words)

P & K content of straw & chemical use As cereal plants mature towards harvest, potassium retention in the straw is markedly affected by weather and the speed of senescence. Strobilurin treatments prduced grain yield responses between 0.5 and 1 t/ha depending upon variety compared to "conventional" programmes which gave up to 0.5t/ha response. The results from this survey suggest that strobilurin treatments increase straw yield relative to grain yield so that the extra potash offtake is 7.2 kg per tonne of grain yield. www.pda.org.uk /notes/tn14.asp   (467 words)

Teagasc - National Tillage Conference 2000 Program Using a strobilurin fungicide as the first spray had no advantage in terms of yield response or for the control of necrotic spotting. This applied to both non-strobilurin and strobilurin fungicide chemistry, regardless of whether they were applied in one, two or three spray applications (Table 4). There was an indication that strobilurin fungicides gave a higher yield at the highest nitrogen level of 150 kg/ha than conventional fungicide chemistry, but this was not at a significant level. www.teagasc.ie /publications/ntc2000/paper01.htm   (1942 words)

Ohio Fruit ICM News, Volume 4, No. 6, March 31, 2000 Strobilurin chemistry was derived from a natural anti-fungal compound that occurs in a small mushroom, Strobilurus tenacellus, which grows on fallen pine cones in Europe. The strobilurins are very active against a wide array of plant pathogenic fungi, generally at rates of only one to three ounces of active ingredient per acre. Thus, the strobilurins generally are not as effective in a kickback mode as are compounds with a higher degree of systemic activity, such as the sterol inhibitors. ipm.osu.edu /fruit/00icm6.htm   (6672 words)

Strobilurin Fungicides Manage resistance to strobilurins by limiting their use and by using them as a component of an integrated program with other fungicides as well as with non-chemical management practices, such as resistant varieties and rotation. Apply strobilurins in alternation with other systemic fungicides that have a different mode of action when these are registered for the target disease. Strobilurins have outstanding ability to inhibit spore germination, thus they should be most useful early in disease development. vegetablemdonline.ppath.cornell.edu /NewsArticles/Strobilurins.htm   (750 words)

[No title]   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24) Backing up the strobilurin application with another in about a week will extra insurance to the scab suppression, especially for any earlier infections that may be able to grow past suppression by a single dose. The narrow window indicates that strobilurin suppression of scab initiated June 4-6 has the ability to affect the majority of the season's scab potential infections before they develop into sporulating lesions that are much more difficult to control. The final infection period will not pack the wallop of the previous two monsters, but there is reason to be concerned that the portion of ascospores still around for the final release may be increased by delayed maturation caused by the hot dry conditions earlier this spring. pmo.umext.maine.edu /apple/AppPestRept/OldApplePestReport/AppPestRept06-04-01.htm   (859 words)

[No title] Strobilurins are derived from a natural anti-fungal compound that occurs in a small mushroom, Strobilurus tenacellus, which grows on fallen pine cones in Europe. This pattern of fungicide movement is unique to the strobilurins, and different manufacturers have devised their own trademarked names to describe it, e.g., "surface systemic" and "mesosystemic." Nevertheless, in the early season, as new growth is developing, repeated fungicide applications are still required because of the need to cover new tissues as they emerge. The strobilurins generally are not as effective in a "kickback" or "curative" mode as are compounds with a higher degree of systemic activity, such as the sterol inhibitors. www.uky.edu /Agriculture/kpn/kpn_01/pn010116.htm   (3554 words)

FRAG-UK Press release: Guidelines for Septoria tritici resistance management in cereals for 2004 Strobilurins, when added to a triazole can broaden the disease control spectrum, maximise green leaf retention and yield. Always use strobilurins in mixture with a robust dose of a DMI effective against septoria. Where possible, use strobilurins as protectant fungicides and not when disease is well established. www.pesticides.gov.uk /rags_print.asp?id=958   (817 words)

Powdery Mildew of Cherry   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24) The disturbing aspect of strobilurin resistance was that it developed much more rapidly than expected and in a fashion different from DMI fungicides. It is important to note that when resistance (either strobilurin or DMI) first occurred in other regions, it was dependent on the fungicide use history and pattern in particular vineyards and not region-wide. Fortunately, strobilurin resistance does not appear to have developed in Washington vineyards and orchards yet. fruit.wsu.edu /Diseases/cpm.html   (1821 words)

[No title]   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24) Increased scab resistance pressure is a major concern with increased summer use of strobilurins - a chemical group known to be susceptible to resistance because of their very specific mode of action against target fungi. Strobilurins and SI's are much less effective when applied after scab is already visible on leaves because the visible lesions raise inoculum levels to the point where complete control becomes improbable. Spray timing with SI and strobilurin fungicides is often mentioned as coinciding with TC, pink, PF, and 1st cover. pmo.umext.maine.edu /apple/AppPestRept/OldApplePestReport/AppPestRept04-19-01.htm   (2768 words)

Synergistic fungicidal composition comprising a compound analogous to strobilurin - US Patent 6156740   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24) The subject of the present invention is a synergistic fungicidal composition comprising a compound analogous to strobilurin and a process which makes use of the said composition and which is intended for the curative or preventive protection of crops against fungal attacks. Compounds analogous to strobilurin with a fungicidal effect are known, in particular from European Patent Application EP 253213 or 398692 or from international Application WO 9208703, which make it possible to prevent the growth and the development of phytopathogenic fungi capable of attacking crops. As regards the compounds A analogous to strobilurin, methyl (E)-2-{2-[6-(2-cyanophenoxy)pyrimidin-4-yloxy]phenyl}-3-methoxyacrylate (or ICIA5504) is described in International Application WO 9208703; methyl (E)-methoxyimino[α-(o-tolyloxy)-o-tolyl]acetate (or BAS490F) is described in European Patent Application EP 253213; and N-methyl-(E)-methoxyimino[2-(2,5-dimethylphenoxymethyl)phenyl]acetamide (or SSF-129) is described in European Patent Application EP 398692. www.patentstorm.us /patents/6156740.html   (4084 words)

Cross-resistance to strobilurin fungicides in mitochondrial and nuclear mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24) Cross-resistance to strobilurin fungicides in mitochondrial and nuclear mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cross-resistance to strobilurin fungicides in mitochondrial and nuclear mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Cross-resistance to all three strobilurin fungicides was also observed in yeast transformants containing gain-of-function mutations in the nuclear PDR3 gene. The results indicate that resistance to strobilurin fungicides, differing in chemical structure and specific activity, can be caused by the same molecular mechanism involving changes in the structure of apocytochrome b and/or increased efflux of strobilurins from fungal cells. www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/10160928.html   (134 words)

CROP SCIENCE, HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY Fungicides from the strobilurin group, which are based on naturally-occurring compounds, are presently being introduced for commercial use on cereal crops. The effect of strobilurin and triazole chemistry alone and in mixtures on yield and disease levels of winter wheat cv. The trend was for the strobilurin based programmes to give higher margins over fungicide costs/ha for all grain prices with the £100/ha triazole-based programme returning the lowest margin response effects at all prices. www.ucd.ie /agri/html/homepage/research_96_99/research_1996_97/r_96_97_crop.htm   (11588 words)

Scaffolds 4/2/01| Coming Events Rust-susceptible cultivars sprayed with strobilurins at PF and 1st cover can develop enough leaf rust to give the tree an unhealthy appearance, even though the leaf infection may not have much economic impact on the crop. Combine 2—3 lb/A of mancozeb with strobilurins anytime the strobilurins are used between TC and 1st cover. The strobilurins have excellent retention on fruit, especially after the fruit begins to develop a visible cuticle, because these fungicides are chemically bound to waxes in the cuticle. www.nysaes.cornell.edu /ent/scaffolds/2001/4.2_disease.html   (1159 words)

Scaffolds 4/8/02 This means that using low rates of strobilurins at post-infection timings will maintain selection pressure for SI resistance and that post-infection sprays of strobilurins may not perform well in orchards with SI resistance. This means that the strobilurins are not cross-resistant to the SI's because only the post-infection activity of strobilurins is compromised when they are applied to SI-resistant populations of apple scab. To conserve their usefulness, strobilurins should be applied at rates in the upper half of the rate ranges indicated on the product labels whenever they are used in post-infection timings. www.nysaes.cornell.edu /ent/scaffolds/2002/4.8.html   (2930 words)

[No title] Thus, the strobilurins generally are not as effective in a kickback mode as are compounds with a higher degree of systemic activity, such as the SI fungicides. For strobilurins, spray intervals of greater than 10 or 11 days are not recommended during the primary scab season, due in part to the need to cover new tissues as they emerge. Be aware that the strobilurin fungicides are strong against scab and powdery mildew, weaker against cedar rusts, and strong against sooty blotch and flyspeck. www.uky.edu /Ag/kpn/kpn_00/pn000515.htm   (4093 words)

Control of Gummy Stem Blight of Watermelon with Strobilurin Fungicides Strobilurin fungicides currently are being labeled for use on watermelons by several companies, Zeneca, BASF, Novartis, etc. We have evaluated the efficacy of two of the strobilurins, Quadris and Sovran, against gummy stem blight of watermelon. In the spring of 1999, the strobilurins, Quadris and Sovran, were compared with currently recommended fungicides for the control of gummy stem blight on Fiesta watermelon (Table 2). Strobilurin fungicides, such as Quadris and Sovran, are valuable new tools to be used in disease control programs for gummy stem blight of watermelon. www.imok.ufl.edu /liv/groups/IPM/path/gummy.htm   (932 words)

Farm & Ranch Guide: Production News Pathologists agree that strobilurins should only be used one time per growing season on any crop. Strobilurins must be applied before infection as a preventative treatment, so this fungicide is used at the beginning of the spray cycle. Strobilurin fungicides should not be applied back-to-back, and if possible only once per season, said Bradley. www.farmandranchguide.com /articles/2005/03/24/ag_news/production_news/prod04.txt   (1022 words)

Alternative Treatments for Turf Disease The strobilurin [QoI] fungicides azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin and trifloxystrobin are equally as likely as a benzimidiazole fungicide to suffer from a catastrophic resistance-induced control failure. Strobilurin resistance in Colletotrichum graminicola, the causal fungus of anthracnose in bentgrass and annual bluegrass, and Pythium aphanidermatum, the causal fungus of Pythium blight on bentgrass and perennial ryegrass, have also been reported. Strobilurin and DMI fungicides, when applied alone, must not make up any more than ⅓ or ½, respectively, of the total number of applications in your disease management program. grounds-mag.com /mag/grounds_maintenance_alternative_treatments_turf   (1660 words)

Resistance of Gummy Stem Blight Fungus Resistance of the gummy stem blight fungus to a strobilurin fungicide has been previously reported in 2001 in Georgia, Delaware, and Maryland, and was associated with decreased effectiveness of Quadris for disease control. For example, in watermelon field trials with an isolate of the gummy stem fungus resistant to strobilurins, Dr. Kate Everts of the University of Maryland showed that both Sovran and Cabrio were equally ineffective in controlling the disease. Systemic fungicides (both strobilurin and DMI fungicides like Nova and Procure) must not be used in these facilities because of the potential to rapidly select for resistant isolates and spread them onto many transplants. aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu /extension/newsletters/vpmnews/aug03/aug03gummystem.html   (919 words)

Irish Farmers Journal Interactive - Contract & Crop Similarly, the introduction of the first strobilurin fungicide, Amistar, in 1997, indicated that a new era in cereal fungicide use and performance was emerging. In these early trials, Acanto seemed to be the first strobilurin fungicide that had enough activity and a sufficiently broad spectrum of disease control to be used alone. The strobilurin component of the mixture is much more effective when used preventatively, with the triazole partner providing the key curative control properties. www.farmersjournal.ie /cropprotectionsite/strob.html   (1762 words)

(Banana Topics Newsletter #32 2002) Strobilurin fungicides and yellow Sigatoka control   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24) Unfortunately, like the triazole chemicals the strobilurins are prone to the development of resistance in the leaf spot fungus. Spray programs, in which these strobilurins were applied with the industry standards in an anti-resistance strategy, generally improved disease control. Although these chemicals vary in their effectiveness in controlling yellow Sigatoka, they all share a similar mode of action and therefore the same level of risk in the occurrence of resistance in the disease population. www.dpi.qld.gov.au /bananatopics/11718.html   (445 words)

Suggested 2005 Grape Spray Programs   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24) Powdery mildew is resistant to the SI materials in California and this is one of the reasons the strobilurin fungicides are registered in grapes. The strobilurin fungicides, such as Abound and Sovran, and Flint should be used in rotation with the SI fungicides and sprayed no more than two times in a row. The SU (strobilurin) fungicides, such as Abound and Sovran, and Flint should be used in rotation with the SI fungicides and sprayed no more than two times in a row. www.canr.msu.edu /vanburen/gspray.htm   (3193 words)

Irish Farmers Journal Interactive - 13 September 2003: Strobilurin Resistance in Septoria tritici 2003 With strobilurin resistance now an inevitable feature of septoria control in Ireland we must ask if the level at the start of the season has a bearing on the relative usefulness of strobilurins in a specific crop. However, strobilurin resistance was reported in early 2003 in some leaf samples taken from crops in 2002. Resistance to strobilurins was found in Septoria populations in all crops sampled. www.farmersjournal.ie /2003/0913/farmmanagement/crops/feature.shtml   (866 words)

Biotechnology University of Kaiserslautern It was found that strobilurin A (1) or strobilurin X (2) production of O. On the other hand, the addition of strobilurin A (1) increased the synthesis of chrysogine (5) in P. Strobilurin induction apparently is neither strain nor species specific. www.uni-kl.de /FB-Biologie/AG-Anke/home_accf.htm   (639 words)

Irish Farmers Journal Interactive - 13 December 2003: Strobilurin resistance continues to spread A more local reason for considering this theory is that the occurrence of relatively widespread strobilurin resistance here in 2002 may well have been a consequence of ascospore spread during the relatively low septoria pressure year here in 2001. In such seasons, strobilurin use is likely to be less well defended by triazoles, thus adding pressure for selection. During 2003 there was a considerable increase in the incidence and severity of strobilurin resistance in regions like northern France, southern Denmark and northern and other parts of Germany. www.farmersjournal.ie /2003/1213/farmmanagement/crops/feature.shtml   (1398 words)

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