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Topic: Strongly correlated material

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	Band gap - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		An intrinsic (pure) semiconductor's conductivity is strongly dependent on the band gap.
		The only available carriers for conduction are the electrons which have enough thermal energy to be excited across the band gap, which is defined as the energy level difference between the conduction band and the valence band.
		It is also possible to construct layered materials with alternating compositions by techniques like molecular beam epitaxy.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Band_gap (335 words)

	Category:Materials science - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Materials science includes those parts of chemistry, physics, geology, and even biology that deal with the physical, chemical or biological properties of materials.
		It is usually considered an applied science, in which the properties under study have some industrial purpose.
		The main article for this category is Materials science.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Category:Materials_science (85 words)

	Research demystifies quantum properties of exotic materials
		The impetus for correlated electron physics is the fact that the standard theory of metals cannot explain the electronic workings of materials that contain "correlated," or strongly interacting electrons.
		Correlated systems include radioactive metals, such as plutonium, and compounds based on so-called rare earth elements and transition metals, such as cerium, ytterbium and copper.
		All strongly correlated materials contain electrons whose influence on one another is so pronounced that they cannot be explained by theoretical description of the independent electrons themselves but instead require an understanding of their dynamic interaction.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-12/ru-rd121304.php (822 words)

	Hibbitts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		One of these materials appears to be a heavily hydrated material [McCord et al., 2001], somewhat similar to that found on Europa [McCord et al., 1998], and another less hydrated material spectrally quite similar to that found on Callisto [Hibbitts et al., 2003].
		Whereas the nonice materials on Europa and Callisto appear to be of uniform (but different) compositions and present over most of their surfaces [McCord et al., 1998, 2001;Carlson et al., 1999], the nonice materials on Ganymede are not as ubiquitous.
		On Ganymede, the Europa-like heavily hydrated nonice material is associated with the older regions morphologically similar to the palimpsests on Callisto, not the more geologically-active sulci whereas on Europa the distribution of the nonice material is strongly correlated with geologically 'recent' terrain.
	www.psi.edu /PSIseminars/archive_spring_2004/HibbittsAbst.html (219 words)

	[No title]
		While oceanographers had previously been able to determine the presence or absence of some material at a given threshold value, they were unable to precisely determine the concentration, which may have a very small fraction of the threshold reading.
		It is important to note, this lack of detection does not mean that the materials were absent, just that the test could not detect them.
		Although the initial documentation from the lab indicated that the test was for Iodide ion, a discussion with the laboratory director indicated that the procedure tests for total Iodine, not just Iodide ion.
	www.reefkeeping.com /issues/2002-03/rs/feature/index.php (1303 words)

	NANOTECHNOLOGY: ON CORRELATED ELECTRONS
		Such strongly interacting or "correlated" electrons cannot be described as embedded in a static mean field generated by the other electrons.(1) The influence of an electron on the others is simply too pronounced for each to be treated independently.
		In materials called "heavy fermion systems", mobile electrons at low temperature behave as if their masses were a thousand times the mass of a free electron in a simple metal.
		These materials have in common the apparent dominant role played by electron-electron interaction effects, and such systems are categorized under the general rubric of "highly correlated electron systems".
	scienceweek.com /2005/sw050610-5.htm (1765 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Identification of Lucerne Stem Cell Wall Traits Related to in Vitro Neutral Detergent Fibre ...
		Spring and summer harvested stem material from 24 plants in each of two germplasm sources were analyzed for 16- and 96-h in vitro NDF digestibility, and cell wall concentration and composition (cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin monosaccharide constituents, and Klason lignin).
		Correlation coefficients were calculated for relationships among these cell wall traits and with in vitro NDF digestibility.
		In contrast, Klason lignin concentration was strongly negatively correlated with 96-h in vitro NDF digestibility.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=141022&pf=1 (600 words)

	Archived--Testing Guide: Introduction
		To the extent that a test for promotion purposes is being used as a placement device, it should also adhere, as appropriate, to professional standards regarding tests used for placement purposes.
		that students have a reasonable opportunity to learn the material covered by the test where passing the test is a condition of receipt of a high school diploma or a condition for grade-to-grade promotion.
		For example, research indicates that students in low-track classes often do not have the opportunity to acquire knowledge and skills strongly associated with future success that is offered to students in other tracks.
	www.ed.gov /offices/OCR/archives/testing/introduction.html (8716 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		J. Gubernatis, M. Guerrero, H. Lin, and Z. Huang, "Quantum Monte Carlo Study of Pairing Correlations in Two-dimensional Extended One-band and Three-band Hubbard Models." To be published in Physica C (in press).
		Materials Physics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, CHINA; fax +86 10 617 51615; e-mail hzhang@mail.phy.pku.edu.cn.
		H.-C.I. Kao and C. Lin, "Correlation of Tc with Compositions in the (La1-x-zCaxPrz)(Ba1.5Sr0.5)Cu3Oy Superconducting Series." To be published in Physica C (in press).
	www.iitap.iastate.edu /htcu/archive/2001July.html (12393 words)

	Poverty
		Poverty is a subjective and comparative term describing a lack of sufficient wealth (usually understood as capital, money, material goods, or resources especially natural resources) to live what is understood in a society as a "normal" life: for instance, to be capable of raising a healthy family, and especially educating children and participating in society.
		Poverty is often strongly correlated with social problems, such as crime and disease (notably sexually transmitted diseases), sometimes in epidemic form.
		As a result, many societies employ social workers to fight poverty by a variety of methods which range from moral persuasion to financial subsidy to physical coercion.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/p/po/poverty.html (712 words)

	Archived--Testing Guide: Chapter 2
		requires that students be taught the material covered by the test where passing the test is a condition for receipt of a high school diploma.
		Careful attention to the alignment between instructional content and testing standards is especially important for students who receive instruction that deviates from the regular curriculum.
		Other cases have concluded that adequate notice was provided, the test or criterion at issue was closely related to the instructional program, or the promotion decision was not shown to be outside the discretion of school authorities.
	www.ed.gov /offices/OCR/archives/testing/chapter2.html (8237 words)

	PALEOECOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
		Whereas recrystallization is not of major concern in the material (no chert was observed above Core 183-1138A-41R; 383 mbsf), fragmentation and dissolution of tests seriously affect the overall preservation of the faunas.
		All diversity indices are strongly correlated with each other and with our preservational proxies (Figs.
		The weakest correlation in the whole data set is between the percentage of diatoms and radiolarian abundance.
	www-odp.tamu.edu /publications/183_SR/002/002_6.htm (817 words)

	[No title]
		My main research interests are: theoretical study in strongly correlated electronic systems, high-temperature superconductivity, and quantum magnetism.
		I study complex properties of new materials using microscopic modeling, diagrammatic technique, and comparison with the numerical studies.
		I am interested in the novel quantum effects in strongly correlated electronic systems which include high-temperature superconductors, low-dimensional quantum magnets, and others.
	www.faculty.uci.edu /profile.cfm?faculty_id=4972&term_list= (441 words)

	Article on loss of phytochemicals from OJ After Storage
		Volatile compounds in orange juice samples and corresponding packaging materials were analysed at zero time and after 2, 3 and 5 months of storage.
		Statistical analyses showed that the evolution of aroma compounds was strongly correlated to the duration of storage, but not to the type of packaging material.
		Finally, PET packaging materials and their corresponding oxygen permeabilities showed no correlation with the loss of aroma compounds.
	www.annieappleseedproject.org /aronlosofphy.html (304 words)

	ICAM/UCOP - Scientific Agenda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		ICAM's present scientific agenda is dominated by Strongly Correlated Matter and Biological Physics.
		There has long been a flow of techniques from the physical sciences to the biological sciences, but the paradigms from biology of complexity and emergent phenomena (not immediately foreseeable with fundamental knowledge at shorter distance and time scales) can also inform the physical sciences.
		In considering the further evolution of ICAM, and its research nodes on various campuses, ICAM can be regarded as having deep roots in both Strongly Correlated Matter and Biological Physics, while building bridges between these two communities via workshops and research programs on soft matter, glasses, and self-assembled materials.
	icam.ucop.edu /sciagenda.html (246 words)

	Research Demystifies Quantum Properties Of Exotic Materials
		Modern materials science has been a boon for electronics, providing average consumers with palm-sized computers that would have filled a room just a few years ago for instance.
		The materials are robust, flexible films with perforations on the nano...
		Researchers Discover Materials Retain Useful Properties At Nanoscale (December 29, 2003) -- One of the materials that powers modern technology like medical ultrasound and nationwide cell phones has been discovered to retain its properties when present in extraordinarily tiny amounts.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2004/12/041219194949.htm (1017 words)

	Physics 498: The Physics of Strongly Correlated Systems
		The physics of Strongly Correlated Systems is a central area of research in Condensed Matter Physics.
		In this course I will discuss the main conceptual issues involved in the physics of Strongly Correlated Systems, as well as their connections with these other problems.
		The purspose of this class is to introduce the main ideas in the physics of Strongly Correlated Systems, to discuss what we understand of them, both in experiment and theory, and their implications for current and future research in the field.
	w3.physics.uiuc.edu /~efradkin/phys498/correlated-fall2000.html (531 words)

	Gabriel Kotliar's seminar, Fall 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The theory of the electronic structure of these materials pose a unique challenge, since it has to treat the localized (particle-like) and the itinerant (wave-like) aspects of the electron on equal footing.
		The dynamical mean field technique has given new insights into the electronic structure of correlated solids, as well as allowing quantitative calculations of material properties.
		In this talk we will give a pedagogical introduction to the central problems in the area of correlated electron physics and to the ideas of the dynamical mean field method.
	www.physics.umd.edu /rgroups/condmat/seminar/2000.fall/Kotliar.html (221 words)

	[No title]
		Of particular interest are: (i) the refinement of classical force fields for use in molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulations, (ii) the development of a model of "living polymers" that allows one to study the polymerization process in polycarbonate and other materials over a wide range of temperatures and densities.
		In agreement with experiment, it is shown that as a result of the reduced coordination numbers of surface atoms correlations effects are stronger at the surface than in the bulk.
		At present correlation functions and diffusion are computed and compared by using PM and the modified PM.
	www.fz-juelich.de /iff/pics_pdfs/sr_02_03/sr_it1.html (3044 words)

	[No title]
		If the valuation is improperly done, fund sponsors may be required to reimburse shareholders who suffer a material economic loss due to errors.
		For instance, in the descriptions of portfolio securities in a fund's prospectus one might fund a statement that the securities are "subject to interest rate risk" -- without any further disclosures defining the magnitude of exposure.
		Studies have shown that the standard deviation of mutual fund returns over past periods are strongly correlated with those of later periods.
	www.sec.gov /news/speech/speecharchive/1995/spch054.txt (5253 words)

	Publications Section (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		READ Perspectives has collected the key materials from this case and is publishing them.
		Students have had ample opportunity to learn the materials TAAS tests on, and providing instruction over the objectives tested by TAAS is to be applauded, not condemned.
		The TEA has provided adequate notice of the consequences of the exam and has ensured that the exam is strongly correlated to material actually taught in the classroom.
	www.ceousa.org /READ/clegg.html (2800 words)

	CHEST 2005 abstract highlights
		In patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) the size of a patient's lung mass is correlated with the presence of brain metastases.
		Researchers found that the prevalence of severe disease did not differ between the groups, and age and sleep apnea scores had a low correlation, indicating that OSA should be considered for patients, regardless of their weight and age.
		Lung function decline was strongly correlated with the amount of exposure and the type of work assignment performed.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2005-10/acoc-c2a102705.php (3134 words)

	NIH Grants Policy Statement (12/03) - Part II: Terms and Conditions of NIH Grant Awards - Subpart B: Terms and ...
		Individuals seeking additional support beyond the third year of postdoctoral support are strongly advised to consult with their PO before submitting a waiver request.
		Except as otherwise provided in the conditions of the award, when a publication or similar copyrightable material is developed from work supported by NIH, the author is free to arrange for copyright without approval of the NIH awarding office.
		Any such copyrighted materials shall be subject to a royalty-free, nonexclusive, and irrevocable license to the Federal government to reproduce them, translate them, publish them, and use and dispose of them, and to authorize others to do so for Federal government purposes.
	grants2.nih.gov /grants/policy/nihgps_2003/NIHGPS_Part10.htm (9704 words)

	David Goldhaber-Gordon, Stanford University (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Abstract: Physicists and material scientists have long designed materials with remarkable and varied electronic behaviors, from charge-density waves to high-temperature superconductivity.
		However, this approach has two important limitations: We often lack a microscopic understanding of the Hamiltonian of such systems, and we usually cannot tune (or even accurately measure) important parameters of the underlying Hamiltonian, such as energy levels and couplings.
		A spin-1/2 local moment is coupled antiferromagnetically with equal strength to two independent reservoirs of conduction electrons.
	www.yale.edu /physics/research/cmt/goldhaber-gordon_abs.html (251 words)

	Tools: Material Intensity Analysis (MAIA)
		According the concept of MIPS (Material Input per Service unit) MAIA is used to quantify the life-cycle-wide requirement of primary materials for products and services.
		Analogously to the quantification of the cumulative energy requirements MAIA provides information on basic environmental pressures associated with the magnitude of resource extraction and the subsequent material flows which end up as waste or emission.
		The input of primary raw materials (including energy carriers) is measured in physical units (kg) and aggregated to five main categories:
	www.leidenuniv.nl /cml/ssp/projects/chainet/tools-maia.html (208 words)

	Syllabus
		I expect each student to maintain good attendance and to be responsible for all material covered during any absences.
		I encourage all students to avoid missing class since grades are strongly correlated with attendance; students who do not attend class regularly are liable to fail.
		As soon as you begin to feel overwhelmed or confused by the material presented in class make an appointment to talk to me. This is a content heavy course and requires that we stick to a strict schedule.
	facstaff.elon.edu /kingston/bio452/syllabus.htm (1380 words)

	Chapter 3: Economic Growth, Poverty, Equity and Food Security
		It is at the household level, that the subjective perception of what it is to be poor better reflects the reality of poverty - as including aspects of material deprivation, isolation, alienation, dependence, lack of decision-making power and freedom of choice, lack of assets, vulnerability and insecurity.
		In contrast, the worst statistics for poverty and equity were those of Brazil and Mexico where in the late 1980s, one third to one half of the population were subsisting under the poverty line - a mean which moreover disguised the pronounced regional inequity.
		Thus, the effect of the massive food subsidies is not taken into account in this measure of poverty - consequently poverty, in this case, may not be strongly correlated with nutrition.
	www.unsystem.org /scn/archives/npp15/ch06.htm (9827 words)

	Chapter 10 Review Answers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		A meteoroid is a small solid body outside of the Earth's atmosphere; a meteor is the flash of light this object makes as it enters the atmosphere and heats up; any material that does not burn and reaches the Earth's surface is called a meteorite.
		Meteor showers occur when the Earth passes through a "dense" clump of material left by a comet.
		By comparing the fossil record and other geological evidence, it appears that mass extinctions and catastrophic impacts are strongly correlated.
	www.usd.edu /phys/courses/kellerastronomy/text/review/review10.html (335 words)

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