Strongly-typed programming language

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Topic: Strongly-typed programming language

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	Programming language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Programming languages are not error tolerant; however, the burden of recognising and using the special vocabulary is reduced by help messages generated by the programming language implementation.
		Most mainstream statically typed languages, such as C, C++, Java, Delphi and C#, require all types to be specified explicitly; advocates argue that this makes the program easier to understand, detractors object to the verbosity it produces.
		A programming language or computer language is a standardized communication technique for expressing instructions to a computer.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Programming_language

	Datatype Information - TextSheet.com
		In computer science, a datatype (often simply called type) is a statically assigned constraint on a programming language phrase that denotes the kinds of values it may take on and gives it certain semantic meaning for the purposes of preventing errors, building abstractions, documenting the program, and gaining some measure of runtime safety and efficiency.
		The implementation of a dynamically typed language will catch errors related to the misuse of values---"type errors"---at the time the erroneous statement or expression is computed.
		Some statically typed languages, notably C and its derivatives, have a "back door" in the language that enables programmers to write type-incorrect code by deliberately circumventing the static type system.
	kvariety.sferahost.com /encyclopedia/d/da/datatype.html

	Lisp programming language article - Lisp programming language programming languages recursive functions artificial intelligence - What-Means.com
		The language is amongst the oldest programming languages still in use as of the time of writing in 2003.
		Lisp is a family of computer programming languages with a long history.
		The new language, Common Lisp, was essentially a superset of the dialects it replaced.
	www.what-means.com /encyclopedia/Lisp_programming_language

	Programming language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Programming languages are not error tolerant; however, the burden of recognizing and using the special vocabulary is reduced by help messages generated by the programming language implementation.
		For instance, a programming language differs from natural languages in that natural languages are used for interaction between people, while programming languages are used for communication from people to machines (this rules out languages used for computer to computer interaction).
		A programming language is a stylized communication technique intended to be used for controlling the behaviour of a machine (often a computer).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Programming_language (2179 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Strongly-typed programming language
		In computing, strongly-typed, when applied to a programming language, is used to describe how the language handles datatypes.
		For example, under definitions 1, 7, and 8, the C language is strongly typed; under 4, 5, and 6 it is weakly typed — with definitions 2 and 3 open for further debate since C does perform type checks for compound types but not for scalar or array types.
		A language is strongly typed if type annotations are associated with variable names, rather than with values alone.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Strongly-typed (539 words)

	Strongly-typed programming language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Being strongly typed is often seen as a positive attribute of a programming language and supporters of a language may refer to it as being strongly typed for this reason.
		A language that places many restrictions on how variables of different types may interact with each other is said to be strongly typed, while a language that has few such restrictions is said to be weakly typed.
		The specification of nearly every high level computer programming language includes the concept of type.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Strongly-typed_programming_language (803 words)

	Web Hosting by Renderhosting.net - Technical Dictionary
		System programming languages (or "applications languages") are strongly typed, allow arbitrarily complex data structures, and programs in them are compiled, and are meant to operate largely independently of other programs.
		By contrast, scripting languages (or "glue languages") are weakly typed or untyped, have little or no provision for complex data structures, and programs in them (" scripts ") are interpreted.
		Prototypical system programming languages are C and Modula-2.
	www.renderhosting.net /dictionary.php?word=Ousterhouts+dichotomy (803 words)

	Typed and untyped languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In computer science, some programming languages are typed and some are untyped.
		Regardless of static or dynamic checking, a language can be strongly typed or weakly typed.
		Languages can perform type-checking either statically or dynamically.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Typed_language (803 words)

	Chistory
		The C programming language was devised in the early 1970s as a system implementation language for the nascent Unix operating system.
		During the 1980s the use of the C language spread widely, and compilers became available on nearly every machine architecture and operating system; in particular it became popular as a programming tool for personal computers, both for manufacturers of commercial software for these machines, and for end-users interesting in programming.
		The language changes during this period, especially around 1977, were largely focused on considerations of portability and type safety, in an effort to cope with the problems we foresaw and observed in moving a considerable body of code to the new Interdata platform.
	cm.bell-labs.com /cm/cs/who/dmr/chist.html (803 words)

	C12NOTES.TXT
		A "strongly typed" language requires that variables be used only by instructions that use the variable as it was defined.
		A "weakly typed" language allows memory to be used regardless of definition.
		The advantage over other languages is the ability to organize code in such a way as to reuse it from program to program.
	www2.bc.edu /~spring/C12NOTES.TXT (803 words)

	Type Systems -- The Safety Features of Programming Languages
		«Languages in which the interpretation of a data object is determined by the operator applied to it are called typeless languages; those in which the interpretation is determined by the data object itself are called typed languages.
		No mainstream language is purely implicitly typed, but languages such as ML and Haskell support writing large program fragments where type information is omitted; the type systems of those languages automatically assign types to such program fragments» [TySys].
		One possible disadvantage of static tpying is that because static type checkers are necessarily conservative, a static type checker for a programming language may disallow a program that would execute without error.
	www.cs.mun.ca /~ulf/pld/safety.html (803 words)

	Strongly typed, weakly understood
		A strongly-typed programming language is one in which each type of data (such as integer, character, hexadecimal, packed decimal, and so forth) is predefined as part of the programming language and all constants or variables defined for a given program must be described with one of the data types.
		Comment on Strongly typed, weakly understood by David Buck Manifest typing is normally considered a specialisation of Static typing, so if it's manifest typed, it ust be (by definition) also statically typed.
		Statically typed languages often require type declarations in programs, however some statically typed languages such as ML can in some cases infer types from the operations performed, making manifest type declarations unnecessary.
	www.cincomsmalltalk.com /userblogs/buck/blogView?showComments=true&entry=3252458583 (1114 words)

	The Goedel Programming Language
		It is a strongly typed language, the type system being based on many-sorted logic with parametric polymorphism.
		Gödel is a declarative, general-purpose programming language in the family of logic programming languages.
		It also has a flexible computation rule and a pruning operator which generalises the commit of the concurrent logic programming languages.
	www.cs.bris.ac.uk /~bowers/goedel.html (813 words)

	Ulf's Programming Language List
		Cyclone is a programming language that is as C-like as possible while preventing unsafe behavior (buffer overflows, dangling pointers, format string attacks, and so on).
		Mozart is based on the Oz language, which supports declarative programming, object-oriented programming, constraint programming, and concurrency as part of a coherent whole.
		The searchable CUI language list is an attempt to enumerate all known programming languages.
	www.cs.mun.ca /~ulf/pld/pls.html (2275 words)

	Programming Language and Compiler Research Groups
		Programming logics and the Martin-Löf theory of types; functional programming languages, their use and implementation; process calculi such as CCS; developing tools and methodologies for deriving correct as well as efficient programs.
		Haskell language and implementation; state, input/output, and concurrency; semantics based program manipulation; applications of category theory and type theory; parallel functional programming; functional languages for massive parallelism; using functional languages for hardware specification, synthesis and analysis; large applications of functional languages.
		DBPL is a type-complete modular database programming language that extends Modula-2 orthogonally by a data type relation, access abstractions, persistent modules and transactions.
	www-2.cs.cmu.edu /afs/cs.cmu.edu/user/mleone/web/language/projects.html (1438 words)

	CSL-TR-84-258.html
		The language is intended to be used in connection with a strongly typed programming language.
		All entities in the language are required to be strongly typed; however, the language provides a very flexible type system which includes polymorphic (or generic) types.
		The paper presents a type checking algorithm for the language and discusses the relationship between specification language and programming language.
	www-db.stanford.edu /TR/CSL-TR-84-258.html (121 words)

	board.html
		A strongly typed language is considered more safe, because it prevents operations from being applied to the wrong type of object.
		A terminal of a grammar of a programming language is a token
		Programs written in an imperative programming language describe exactly the computational steps to necessary for the computer to obtain a result.
	www.cs.fsu.edu /~engelen/courses/COP402000/board.html (3855 words)

	Programming:Ada - Wikibooks
		The strong typing helps to prevent many programming errors that are common in weakly typed languages.
		Unlike other programming languages, Ada compilers are officially tested and only those which pass this test are accepted for military and commercial work.
		Ada is a true multi-purpose programming language suitable for all development needs.
	en.wikibooks.org /wiki/Programming:Ada (3855 words)

	Open Directory - Computers: Programming: Languages: Object-Oriented
		Lush wrapping three languages into one: (1) a weakly-typed, garbage-collected, dynamically scoped, interpreted language with Lisp-like syntax, (2) a strongly-typed, lexically-scoped compiled language that uses the same Lisp-like syntax, and (3) the C language, which can be freely mixed with Lush code within a single program, even within a single function.
		Object Oriented Programming in C - Paul Field's fine, clear paper, published in C Vu 4:1 (November 1991), on how to use an object-like discipline with a procedural language.
		Heron-Centric: Ruminations of a Language Designer - A blog which covers language design issues and software development techniques regarding the Heron programming language as well as similar languages like Java and C++.
	dmoz.org /Computers/Programming/Languages/Object-Oriented (3855 words)

	whym3
		Poorly-typed languages require that programmers show a higher level of discipline, in order to cope with programming tasks.
		It is a widespread problem that programmers do not understand their programming language.
		Because of your better understanding of their language design flaws and pitfalls, you will be much better able to avoid being bogged down by them.
	www.cs.wichita.edu /~rodney/cs810/fl2004/whym3 (3855 words)

	TOPPS Bibliography
		The fields of computability and complexity theory, and programming languages and semantics, have a great deal to offer each other.
		In practice, it is a reasonable assumption that typed programs are only bigger than their untyped equivalent by a constant factor, hence this is an asymptotic improvement over previous algorithms.
		It is suggested to express the source program in a non-deterministic language with invertible operations.
	www.diku.edu /topps/bibliography/1997.html (3855 words)

	ongoing · Language Fermentation
		So I'm fine with the âdynamic languagesâ monicker, because maybe the most important characteristic is that variables are whatever you need them to be, and the language doesn't try very hard to protect you from your own stupidity on the basis of type declarations.
		Dynamic Languages, Yes These often used to be referred to as âscripting languages,â except for there are lots of big complicated unscriptlike systems built in them, or as âinterpreted languagesâ only this is just wrong; modern Perl and Python and Lisp programs are compiled all right, it's just that it's done at runtime.
		This may be the golden age of programming, as Paul Graham argues, and maybe everything we thought we knew about strong typing is wrong.
	www.tbray.org /ongoing/When/200x/2003/05/08/FutureLanguage (3855 words)

	The Design Of an Object Description Language (ODL)
		Other statically-typed object-oriented languages, such as Eiffel and Beta, are more flexible, but require run-time or link-time checks in order to eliminate omissions in their type systems.
		Thus, at one extreme there are statically-typed languages like C++, Java, and Object Pascal which come close to type safety, but whose rigid and inflexible type systems result in the need for type casts in order to express the certain abstractions.
		An ODL is an object-oriented programming language that supports multiple inheritance, generic types, and full static type-checking, i.e.
	www.cs.newcastle.edu.au /Seminars/99/Oct6.html (3855 words)

	Article
		An example of a language that is statically and weakly typed is C. A language that is statically and strongly typed is ML.
		Dynamically-typed languages are usually strongly-typed, although this is not always the case.
		Strong typing -- in a strongly-typed language, an object can only be used as an operand to expressions defined on its type.
	newspiritcompany.com /retroevolution/news.htm (3855 words)

	TermPaper.doc
		For this reason, many programmers are under the assumption that functional programming languages in general are poor performers in comparison to their peers.
		Functional programming is at the heart of much voice/speech recognition, natural language processing, and machine learning (neural network) systems.
		Benchmarking different languages requires a set of benchmark programs to be written in different syntaxes and using different primitive functions.
	home.gwu.edu /~christem/TermPaper.doc (3855 words)

	CS 316 - Principles of Programming Languages
		Principles of programming language design and implementation of the procedural, functional, and logic programming paradigms including syntax (BNF, expression grammars, and operator associativity); binding of variables; type coercion and equivalence (including weakly- typed languages); scope and extent of variables (activation records, static and dynamic links); parameter passing and environments; formal semantics.
		Programming projects done in the lab will use programming languages which serve to exemplify in practice the theoretical material presented in lecture
		QC > CS Dept > Undergraduate > Course Descriptions > CS 316 - Principles of Programming Languages
	www.cs.qc.edu /undergrad/courses/316.html (3855 words)

	perl1.ppt
		Perl is an acronym for: "Practical Extraction and Report Language" or, jokingly, "Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister" It started out as a scripting language to supplement rn, the ubiquitous USENET reader, which Wall also wrote.
		He continues to develop and maintain the language It is available on virtually every computer platform, from Apple Macintosh to VMS.
		It is an interpreted language that is optimized for string manipulation, I/O, and system tasks.
	www.cs.unca.edu /~bruce/Fall03/csci431/slides/perl1.ppt (3855 words)

	WebReference.com - Chapter 2 of JavaScript Design, from New Riders (5/5)
		For programmers coming from C++ or Java, two strongly typed languages, this means that JavaScript will figure out what type of data you have and make the necessary adjustments so that you don't have to redefine your different types of data.
		In strongly typed languages, you need to convert the floating-point number to a string and then concatenate it with the dollar sign.
		Designers new to programming will welcome a weakly typed language because it will save time in learning several different conversion steps and data type declarations.
	www.webreference.com /programming/javascript/jsdesign/chap2/5.html (3855 words)

	ACM Trans. Database Syst. 10(2): 230-260(1985)
		Galileo is a strongly-typed, interactive programming language designed specifically to support semantic data model features (classification, aggregation, and specialization), as well as the abstraction mechanisms of modern programming languages (types, abstract types, and modularization).
		Antonio Albano, Giorgio Ghelli, Renzo Orsini: Objects for a Database Programming Language.
		VLDB J. Antonio Albano, Giorgio Ghelli, Renzo Orsini: Fibonacci: A Programming Language for Object Databases.
	www.informatik.uni-trier.de /~ley/db/journals/tods/AlbanoCO85.html (1944 words)

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Topic: Strongly-typed programming language

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