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	VisualWorks: Strongtalk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Strongtalk has been released by Sun under a BSD-ish open source license for the image components and a binary-only license for the virtual machine.
		The most up to date paper on the Strongtalk type system by Gilad Bracha is java.sun.com/people/gbracha/nwst.html
		Gilad Bracha has written a number of excellent papers on interesting technology for Smalltalk.
	wiki.cs.uiuc.edu /VisualWorks/Strongtalk (135 words)

	Andrew Birkett’s blog » Blog Archive » Strongtalk
		Strongtalk is smalltalk with a static type system.
		From a language point of view, strongtalk is notable because it retro-fits a static type system onto a dynamic language.
		The Strongtalk system had two pieces - one was a static typechecker, one was an optimizing compiler.
	www.nobugs.org /blog/archives/2003/06/01/strongtalk (466 words)

	Computational Theology : Weblog
		Strongtalk VM First, let me be very clear: this post has absolutely nothing to do with the Java programming language, the Java platform or Java VMs.
		If you don't know about Strongtalk but have an interest in programming languages, environments and implementations, it is worth checking out.
		Strongtalk was the fastest ever implementation of Smalltalk.
	blogs.sun.com /gbracha/entry/strongtalk_vm (285 words)

	4.5.3 Languages Based on Signature Constraints and Implicit Structural Subtyping
		Strongtalk is a type system for Smalltalk where programmers define protocol types explicitly, use protocols to declare the types of arguments, results, and variables, and let the system infer subtype and conformance relations between protocols and classes; like Cecil, subtyping and inheritance are separated.
		Interestingly, a later version of Strongtalk appears to have dropped inferred structural subtyping and brands in favor of explicit by-name subtyping [Bracha 96].
		This later version also introduces the ability to declare that different instantiations of a parameterized type are subtype-related either co- or contravariantly with respect to its parameter types.
	www.cs.washington.edu /research/projects/cecil/cecil/www/Vortex-Three-Zero/doc-cecil-lang/cecil-spec-90.html (661 words)

	[No title]
		The Strongtalk type system is designed to ease the development process by improving the reliability and readability of programs during development, maintenance and use.
		Strongtalk is both upward compatible with Smalltalk (since any Smalltalk program is a Strongtalk program) and downward-compatible in the sense that any Strongtalk program can be trivially converted back into a Smalltalk program by stripping out the type annotations.
		Strongtalk can be integrated into an existing implementation by modifying the programming environment so it can parse and typecheck type-annotated programs.
	bracha.org /nwst.html (1896 words)

	Making it stick.: Ruby and Strongtalk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Strongtalk was the precursor to the Java Hotspot runtime.
		As Avi mentions, Gilad Bracha is one of the Strongtalk guys that Sun got.
		And, by coincidence (or is it?), Sun released the Strongtalk source code this week.
	patricklogan.blogspot.com /2006/09/ruby-and-strongtalk.html (338 words)

	Strongtalk: Development (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Strongtalk is currently in basically a pre-alpha release state.
		Strongtalk currently uses the standard Smalltalk nonpreemptive threading model, where Smalltalk processes do not run concurrently; 'yield' is used to yield control to another process.
		Invocation counter decay: methods and blocks are instrumented in Strongtalk to count invocations; this is used to detect the hotspot code to compile.
	www.strongtalk.org /development.html (897 words)

	OOPSLA 2002 –– Final Program -- Demonstrations
		The Strongtalk system is a fundamental rethinking of Smalltalk-80.
		Sun Microsystems, Inc. has recently released the Strongtalk system as free, unsupported software under a partially open-source license for the benefit of researchers and Smalltalk implementers.
		This demonstration will give them an opportunity to talk with a founder of the Strongtalk project, and see the system in action.
	oopsla.acm.org /OOPSLA02/fp/files/dem-22.html (74 words)

	Chui’s counterpoint » Blog Archive » Strongtalk Is Open Sourced
		Strongtalk is a version of Smalltalk developed with speed in mind.
		It was developed by a startup but the company was bought by Sun to work on the JVM before Strongtalk was productized.
		Instead, Strongtalk uses run-time profiling, which is now adopted in the Hotspot JVM.
	www.redmountainsw.com /wordpress/archives/strongtalk-is-open-sourced (249 words)

	Strongtalk: Typechecking Smalltalk in a Production Environment - Bracha, Griswold (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Abstract: Strongtalk TM is a typechecker for a downward compatible Smalltalk dialect.
		It not only separates the notions of type and class, but also deals with the more difficult issue of separating inheritance and subtyping using the notion of inherited types [CHC90, Bru93a] to preserve encapsulation.
		Strongtalk integrates inherited types, metaclasses, blocks and polymorphic methods...
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /bracha93strongtalk.html (530 words)

	Obie Fernandez : Weblog : Ruby on Rails and More...
		One of StrongTalk's advances is its strong, static type system for Smalltalk.
		The thing that?s most interesting about Strongtalk is that it does allow optional static type annotations, but the optimizer completely ignores them: your code runs exactly as fast if you duck type everything as if you statically type everything.
		That?s not because the implementors were lazy - their goal was to produce the fastest system possible, it?s just that their dynamic implementation was already fast enough that the static information didn?t help.
	jroller.com /page/obie?entry=joel_is_wrong_strongtalk_exciting (509 words)

	Strongtalk: Downloads
		The source code for the Strongtalk VM has just been released as of September 10, 2006.
		Development was halted on Strongtalk in the late 90s, so at the moment the source only builds and runs correctly using old versions of MS C++, and also requires Borland Turbo Assembler for the small remaining amount of assembly code (parts of the interpreter).
		Rather than wait until we can get the VM rebuilt and running using current development tools, we are so excited about the source release that we are pushing out the bits now for those who are interested, or who want to help.
	strongtalk.org /downloads.html (289 words)

	HREF Considered Harmful » Blog Archive » Ruby and Strongtalk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This entry was posted on Tuesday, September 12th, 2006 at 2:15 pm and is filed under Uncategorized.
		Strongtalk wasn’t the first, just maybe the first Smalltalk maybe, and it certainly wasn’t the last.
		StrongTalk was trying to make a static type system for Smalltalk, i.e.
	www.duggmirror.com /programming/Optimizing_method_calls_Ruby_and_Strongtalk (991 words)

	Wes Maldonado: Data Junkie
		Strongtalk is a major re-thinking of the Smalltalk-80 programming language and system.
		Before the Strongtalk system could be released, the company was acquired by Sun Microsystems, Inc. to work on the Java® virtual machine.
		Development of Strongtalk was halted at that point, so very few people have ever had a chance to see the Strongtalk system in action.
	www.brokenbuild.com /blog (1084 words)

	The Hitchhiker's Guide to ...: Sun release Strongtalk VM into OpenSource
		The Strongtalk VM executes Smalltalk much faster than any other Smalltalk implementation (at the time of its release), using an advanced inlining compiler based on type-feedback technology.
		Unfortunately for Strongtalk, the rapid and unexpected rise of Sun Microsystem's Java forced Animorphic to halt work on the Strongtalk system before it was ever released.
		The Strongtalk VM did not make use of the type system at all; typing was strictly optional.
	astares.blogspot.com /2006/09/sun-release-strongtalk-vm-into.html (252 words)

	gmane.comp.lang.e.general
		This means the entire Strongtalk project is now fully Open Source, under a basically unrestricted Berkeley-style license, at http://www.strongtalk.org/.
		But without the VM source code to allow finishing and maintaining the VM, Strongtalk couldn't go anywhere, other than as a historical proof that you really can make Smalltalk run very fast, and that you can put a static type-system in Smalltalk without ruining the feel of Smalltalk.
		The Strongtalk VM was faster than any other when it was written, and I believe it is still comparable to the VisualWorks VM (it would be fun to test).
	blog.gmane.org /gmane.comp.lang.e.general (1518 words)

	Animorphic ST (Strongtalk) released!
		On Friday, July 19, 2002, at 10:53 Uhr, David Griswold wrote: > The big issue is the speed, which you aptly captured with the word > "lumbered".
		There are two speed issues: > > - Startup time: Strongtalk already doesn't start as quickly as Squeak > because of the initial compilation "bulge".
		So I would expect > that a compiler similar to the Strongtalk one written in Smalltalk > would run about 5-10 times slower than the Strongtalk compiler > (although with tuning you might eventually be able to speed it up a > lot).
	lists.squeakfoundation.org /pipermail/squeak-dev/2002-July/041937.html (918 words)

	gmane.comp.lang.smalltalk.strongtalk
		First of all, since this is my first post on the list, let me express my deep appreciation for making this software available, for the groundbreaking new ideas embodied in it and for the really excellent work that has gone into the design and implementation of this software.
		Hello, This email message is a notification to let you know that a file has been uploaded to the Files area of the strongtalk group.
		We may need some tools in Strongtalk to help support this, and it would be a good idea to start thinking about that now.
	blog.gmane.org /gmane.comp.lang.smalltalk.strongtalk (1698 words)

	Strongtalk goes open source \| Lambda the Ultimate
		There seem to be a few scattered references to strongtalk in the archives, but no threads dedicated to it.
		Sun apparently just released the source code with a BSD style license, so feel free to look at the code or steal it for your own devious purposes.
		The type system is both optional and incremental, and operates completely independently of the compiler technology (which means that normal untyped Smalltalk code runs just as fast as typed code).
	lambda-the-ultimate.org /node/1722 (203 words)

	Codito ergo sum
		Strongtalk is an experimental Smalltalk implementation with optional static typing and uses a sophisticated JIT compiler.
		In fact the guys who wrote Strongtalk, later worked on the Hotspot Java VM.
		So it is expected that Squeak, which uses a portable bytecode interpreter (written in a subset of Smalltalk and automatically translated to C!) is much slower.
	jroller.com /page/nil/20030424 (1665 words)

	Papers
		It discusses the design of the mixin system in Animorphic Smalltalk (aka Strongtalk). It's the only high performance implementation of mixins I'm aware of. It should probably be published somewhere "official", but who has the time...
		It's more up to date than the OOPSLA paper, and quite close to the version that exists in the release.
		A short position paper that discusses mixins in Strongtalk.
	bracha.org /Site/Papers.html (546 words)

	Strong Talk
		The declarations and checks are optional; the underlying virtual machine does not interact with the type system and runs typed and untyped programs with the same performance.
		Expanding on the above: Usually people expect type annotations help improve performance, and apparently StrongTalk is indeed fast, but a comment on SmallTalkFrequentlyAnsweredFud says that StrongTalk runs very fast, but independently of whether type annotations are used.
		In other words, the performance of StrongTalk apparently is purely due to the compiler technology, not the type annotations.
	c2.com /cgi/wiki?StrongTalk (272 words)

	LtU Classic Archives
		Strongtalk is a major re-thinking of the Smalltalk-80 language and system.
		If I understand correctly some of the implementation techniques from Strongtalk made their way to Sun's Hotspot VM.
		I never came across end-users who prefered the Smalltalk-80 laf to the platform laf they were familiar with.
	lambda-the-ultimate.org /classic/message4826.html (1472 words)

	Strongtalk History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Saw a link to a brief history of the Strongtalk system, a Smalltalk implement with static types and a runtime system based on type-feedback.
		The company was eventually bought by Sun to work on Hotspot.
		It looks like they had six talented people with previous experience working for almost two years to get the first version done.
	www.python.org /~jeremy/weblog/031126c.html (94 words)

	Strongtalk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		I have just got an email from Gilad Bracha who announced that Animorphic ST is now available to download at:
		Animorphic ST (also called Strongtalk) is a high-performance ST implementation with a type system that is both optional and incremental.
		It has been developed by a small company in the mid 90s before the company got aquired by SUN to work on the Java VM.
	minnow.cc.gatech.edu:8080 /squeak/2588 (98 words)

	VW 7 faster than Strongtalk
		Sun finally released the Strongtalk system to the community.
		I downloaded it last night, and tried to file in some benchmark code.
		I spent a fruitless hour fighting with Strongtalk (as it crashed repeatedly), but was finally able to get some benchmarks running.
	www.cincomsmalltalk.com /blog/blogView?showComments=true&entry=3203087587 (98 words)

	HREF Considered Harmful » Blog Archive » Ruby and Strongtalk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		I wonder if it could be freeed from its windowsisms, moved to wxWindows, and then could be bootstrapped using Spoon - basically giving it a Squeak transplant.
		I floated the idea on the Strongtalk discussion list on yahoo.
		It will still need a bit of work though.
	smallthought.com /avi/?p=16 (3438 words)

	Smalltalk Central (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		This is a parallel group to the Toronto Smalltalk User Group.
		Join the Squackers (a group of Squeak hackers in the San Francisco bay area) to celebrate the tenth birthday of Squeak in Santa Cruz, CA.
		It must have been frustrating to those within Sun that tried to get the code released earlier.
	www.smalltalk-central.com (377 words)

	Smalltalk Central (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Come out, have a beer, talk about Smalltalk, and perhaps about Strongtalk, which has recently been open-sourced by Sun Microsystems.
		The Strongtalk Team has posted an announcement on comp.lang.smalltalk:
		This means the entire Strongtalk project is now fully Open Source, under a basically unrestricted Berkeley-style license, at www.strongtalk.org
	www.smalltalk-central.com /main.ssp (377 words)

	HotSpot - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		It features techniques such as just-in-time compilation and adaptive optimization designed to improve performance.
		HotSpot, first released April 27, 1999, was originally developed by a small startup company (also responsible for Strongtalk) which was purchased by Sun Microsystems.
		Initially available as an add-on for Java 1.2, HotSpot became the default Sun JVM in Java 1.3.
	www.seas.upenn.edu /~cse121/hws/webcrawler_project/html_pages/1/HotSpot.html (216 words)

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