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Topic: Strongyloidiasis

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Anisakiasis

Intestinal parasite

Ascariasis

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Whipworm

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Giardia lamblia

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Cestoda

	Strongyloidiasis hyperinfection in a patient with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis Sathe Pragati A, Madiwale ...
		Strongyloidiasis hyperinfection is a well-documented complication of chronic glomerular diseases[2],[3] as both heavy proteinuria and chronic renal failure lower the immune response.
		In strongyloidiasis hyperinfection, parasites are found not only in proximal small bowel and lung but also in stomach and colon[4] Mucosal irritation results in hyperemia and irregularity clinically presenting as epigastric pain, vomiting and diarrhoea.
		Strongyloidiasis is diagnosed by demonstration of larvae in stool, sputum, bronchial lavage and duodenal or proximal jejunal aspirates or biopsy.
	www.jpgmonline.com /article.asp?issn=0022-3859;year=2006;volume=52;issue=3;spage=221;epage=222;aulast=Sathe (868 words)

	Clinical and Molecular Allergy \| Full text \| Intestinal strongyloidiasis and hyperinfection syndrome
		Strongyloidiasis is caused by a soil dwelling nematode helminth, Strongyloides stercoralis.
		Even though, most cases of strongyloidiasis are asymptomatic or present with mild symptoms, fatal disseminated infection with involvement of multiple organ systems other than the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems as in hyperinfection syndrome could also occur especially in patients with immunosuppression from systemic steroids [1,4].
		Strongyloidiasis is a nematode infection with a tendency to become chronic with fatal complications of hyperinfection syndrome and disseminated infection along with a host of other potential complications like gram-negative bacteremia and meningitis.
	www.clinicalmolecularallergy.com /content/4/1/8 (6337 words)

	Department of Veterans' Affairs -
		The diagnosis of strongyloidiasis can be accepted by the Repatriation Commission when it is confirmed by a general medical practitioner or specialist as the final diagnosis or on advice by a Departmental Medical Officer.
		In uncomplicated strongyloidiasis, faecal microscopic examination for rhabditiform larvae [the eggs are rarely detectable because they hatch in the intestine].
		In disseminated strongyloidiasis, filariform larvae are sought on stool examinations, as well as in samples obtained from other sites of potential larval migration, including sputum, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid, or surgical drainage fluid.
	www.dva.gov.au /pensions/statemnt/a037.htm (1308 words)

	eMedicine - Strongyloidiasis : Article by Hari Polenakovik, MD
		Strongyloidiasis is typically acquired when the infective (filariform) larvae penetrate the skin during contact with contaminated soil, although ingestion of filariform larvae (fecal-oral route) may also result in infection.
		Thiabendazole (Mintezol) -- DOC for hyperinfection syndrome and disseminated strongyloidiasis.
		Genta RM: Dysregulation of strongyloidiasis: a new hypothesis.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic2189.htm (3650 words)

	Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
		Strongyloidiasis, caused by the nematode Strongyloides stercoralis, is one of the major intestinal infections in humans and is distributed worldwide in both tropical and temperate countries (Grove 1996).
		One of the current problems concerning strongyloidiasis is the difficulty to detect larvae in human feces, because the majority of cases involve chronic, low-level infection, and the larval output is minimal and irregular.
		In patients with strongyloidiasis, patients' ages ranged from 4 to 80 years (yr) old (36.9 ± 16.5 yr) and in control groups (patients with other intestinal parasitoses and healthy individuals), patients' ages ranged 1 to 70 years old (21.6 ± 12.8 yr).
	www.bioline.org.br /request?oc03141 (3224 words)

	sBMJ \| Strongyloidiasis
		Strongyloidiasis can persist for decades, with either vague symptoms or none at all--but is still an extremely important disease to detect, since potentially fatal hyperinfection may occur.
		Strongyloidiasis should be considered as a possible cause of diarrhoea (with or without blood) in tropical countries.
		A fatal case of strongyloidiasis with Strongyloides larvae in the meninges.
	www.studentbmj.com /issues/03/08/education/280.php (1089 words)

	Rural and Remote Health Journal - View Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		During the workshop, a senior medical officer employed by Miwatj Health stated her belief that strongyloidiasis was a significant health issue in her community, and expressed frustration at the apparent dismissal of strongyloidiasis as a public health issue by health authorities.
		Strongyloidiasis, whether chronic uncomplicated or the hyperinfective syndrome, is rarely diagnosed unless the clinician and laboratory are specifically looking for the disease.
		Most patients die from strongyloidiasis because the disease is not diagnosed and goes untreated, or the disease is diagnosed and partly treated but management is inadequate, or because immunosuppressant drugs and regimens are commenced in patients from high-risk groups without strongyloidiasis being tested for and diagnosed.
	rrh.deakin.edu.au /articles/subviewnew.asp?ArticleID=152 (1962 words)

	Strongyloidiasis: Nematodes (Roundworms): Merck Manual Professional
		Strongyloidiasis is endemic throughout the tropics and subtropics, including rural areas of the southern US, at sites where there is exposure of bare skin to contaminated soil and unsanitary conditions.
		However, disseminated strongyloidiasis is less common than might be predicted among patients with AIDS, even those living in areas where Strongyloides is highly endemic.
		Cutaneous symptoms sometimes result from an allergic reaction to migrating larvae; larva currens, a serpiginous, migratory, urticarial lesion, is pathognomonic, but nonspecific maculopapular or urticarial eruptions may occur.
	www.merck.com /mmpe/sec14/ch182/ch182h.html (891 words)

	Strongyloidiasis -
		Strongyloidiasis is a human parasitic disease caused by the nematode (roundworm) Strongyloides stercoralis.
		Disseminated strongyloidiasis occurs in immunosuppressed patients, can present with abdominal pain, distension, shock, pulmonary and neurologic complications and septicemia, and is potentially fatal.
		The drug of choice for the treatment of uncomplicated strongyloidiasis is ivermectin with albendazole as the alternative.
	www.medicalgeo.com /Med-Diseases-Sh---Sz/Strongyloidiasis.html (584 words)

	Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research - Intestinal permeability in strongyloidiasis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Strongyloidiasis is a common parasitosis in tropical areas and is associated with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic conditions to hyperinfection in immunocompromised patients (23-26).
		The diagnosis of strongyloidiasis was confirmed by identification of the worm in at least two stool examinations by the method of Rugai et al.
		Whether very severe cases of strongyloidiasis with multiple small bowel ulcers or hyperinfection will disclose the same intestinal permeability pattern we have seen in our patients with mild and moderate disease remains to be elucidated.
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2001000300009&lng=es&nrm=iso (2174 words)

	Strongyloidiasis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		The topic was a case presentation and discussion of a case of probable Strongyloidiasis.
		Strongyloidiasis is a common parasitic infection in the tropics with prevalence rates of up to 15%.
		Complicated strongyloidiasis has been associated with bowel obstruction, protein-losing enteropathy, respiratory symptoms (including respiratory failure) as well as meningitis and arthritis.
	www.conference.nrdgp.org.au /clinical/medicine/strong.html (751 words)

	Rural and Remote Health Journal - View Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Strongyloidiasis must be confirmed by laboratory diagnosis and the strongyloides ELISA, although not ideal, is a useful test that can be used to diagnose strongyloidiasis and to monitor cure.
		Strongyloidiasis diagnosis has relied on laboratory examination because the only pathognomic clinical sign of strongyloidiasis is larva currens, a rapidly moving erythematous, serpinginous skin lesion similar to cutaneous larval migrans, but moving much faster, often at rates of 10 cm per day.
		Consultation costs for detecting strongyloidiasis could be decreased in rural and remote tropical Indigenous communities by including serological screening for strongyloidiasis in well-person health checks with the other chronic diseases currently included.
	rrh.deakin.edu.au /articles/subviewnew.asp?ArticleID=264 (3541 words)

	MEDLINE_1966-1995 - Results of the search <page 1>
		The assay was highly sensitive; antibodies were found at a titer of 1:4 or greater in 98% of men with strongyloidiasis and in 2% of Australian control subjects.
		Fifteen percent of exposed ex-servicemen in whom parasites had not been found had antibody titers of 1:4 or more, and it is thought that they had cryptic infections.
		It is thought that this indicates that the test is specific and that the 84% of Filipinos with antibody titers of 1:4 or greater had unsuspected strongyloidiasis.
	www.bireme.br /cgi-bin/wxislind.exe/iah/online/?IsisScript=iah/iah.xis&nextAction=lnk&base=MEDLINE_1966-1995&exprSearch=7015889&indexSearch=UI&lang=i (299 words)

	Indian Pediatrics - Editorial
		Chronic diarrhea due to strongyloidiasis is a well recongnised entity especially in immunocompromised individuals.
		Strongyloidiasis is an infection due to an intestinal nematode Strongyloides Stercoralis, which is found mainly in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
		However there are reports of chronic strongyloidiasis responding to a short course of albendazole (400 mg/day) for 3 days(1) or prolonged treatment for 2 weeks in immunosuppressed individuals(2).
	www.indianpediatrics.net /apr2005/apr-391-392.htm (654 words)

	Tropical Medicine Central Resource
		Adetiloye VA: A case of fatal gastrointestinal strongyloidiasis in an otherwise healthy Nigerian, masquerading as gastric outlet obstruction.
		Longworth DL, Weller PF: Hyperinfection syndrome with strongyloidiasis.
		Pinheiro GC, et al: Strongyloidiasis as the cause of fatal intestinal subocclusion.
	tmcr.usuhs.mil /tmcr/chapter13/references.htm (1415 words)

	eMedicine - Strongyloidiasis : Article by Robert W Tolan, Jr, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Background: Strongyloidiasis is a virulent helminthic pathogen characterized clinically by watery diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and urticarial rash.
		The most significant clinical presentation of strongyloidiasis occurs in patients with hyperinfection syndrome, which occurs primarily in those who are immunosuppressed (particularly those with hematologic malignancy, autoimmune disease, and malnutrition).
		In pulmonary strongyloidiasis, fine miliary nodules or diffuse reticular interstitial opacities may be seen on chest radiographs or computed tomography scans.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic2161.htm (3794 words)

	p010716b - Pulmonary Strongyloidiasis
		Eighteen (90%) had risk factors for strongyloidiasis including steroid use, age greater than 65, chronic lung disease, use of histamine blockers, or chronic debilitating illness.
		Although pulmonary symptoms from strongyloidiasis can be mild, consisting only of cough and bronchospasm, the potential for severe pulmonary disease and adult respiratory distress syndrome is great in certain persons at high risk for strongyloidiasis and 2 over fl square];.[1 and 2 over fl square], 2].
		Unfortunately, pulmonary strongyloidiasis is seldom diagnosed until late in the course of the disease, which contributes to a high death rate and 2 over fl square];.[1 and 2 over fl square], 2, 5, 8].
	www.emory.edu /WHSCL/grady/amreport/litsrch01/p010716b.html (511 words)

	Thiabendazole versus placebo in the prophylaxis of strongyloidiasis in immunosuppressed patients with hematological ...
		Thiabendazole versus placebo in the prophylaxis of strongyloidiasis in immunosuppressed patients with hematological diseases: a double-blind randomized study.
		There were 4 cases of strongyloidiasis in group 2 and 1 case in group 1 (7.4% versus 2%, p=0.36, relative risk 3.63, 95% confident interval 0.42 - 31.38).
		The compliance was good in 55% of patients in group 1 and in 74% of patients in group 2 (p=0.04).
	gateway.nlm.nih.gov /robot_pages/MeetingAbstracts/102188293.html (363 words)

	MEDLINE_1996-2006 - Resultado de la búsqueda <página 1>
		The present study was conducted to evaluate the frequency of antigenic components recognized by serum IgG antibodies in Western blotting (WB) using a Strongyloides ratti larval extract for the diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis.
		Serum samples of 180 individuals were analyzed (80 with strongyloidiasis, 60 with other intestinal parasitoses, and 40 healthy individuals).
		There was a positive concordance for the three tests in 87.5% of the cases of strongyloidiasis.
	www.bireme.br /cgi-bin/wxislind.exe/iah/online/?IsisScript=iah/iah.xis&nextAction=lnk&base=MEDLINE_1996-2006&exprSearch=12973538&indexSearch=UI&lang=e (303 words)

	Newly Approved Drug Therapies (250): Stromectol (ivermectin), Merck
		Stromectol is a very effective anti-parasitic medicine which often cures intestinal (i.e., nondisseminated) strongyloidiasis, an infection caused by the threadworm Strongyloides stercoralis, with a single oral dose.
		The recommended dose of Stromectol for the treatment of intestinal (i.e., nondisseminated) strongyloidiasis is a single oral dose, based on weight (200 micrograms of Stromectol per kilogram of body weight).
		In clinical trials on Strongyloidiasis, the following adverse experiences occurred in greater than 1 percent of the patients: diarrhea (1.8 percent), nausea (1.8 percent), dizziness (2.8 percent) and pruritus (itching) (2.8 percent).
	www.centerwatch.com /drugs/dru250.htm (633 words)

	Strongyloidiasis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Disseminated strongyloidiasis occurs when patients with chronic strongyloidiasis become immunosuppressed.
		It presents with abdominal pain, distension, shock, pulmonary and neurologic complications and septicemia, and is potentially fatal.
		It is often recommended that patients being started on immunosuppression be screened for chronic strongyloidiasis; however, this is often impractical (screen tests are often unavailable) and in developed countries, the prevalence of chronic strongyloidiasis is very small, so screening is usually not cost-effective, except in endemic areas.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Strongyloidiasis (788 words)

	Strongyloidiasis - WrongDiagnosis.com
		Strongyloidiasis, also called threadworm infection, is a parasitic intestinal infection caused by the helminth Strongyloides stercoralis.
		Strongyloidiasis is listed as a "rare disease" by the Office of Rare Diseases (ORD) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
		This means that Strongyloidiasis, or a subtype of Strongyloidiasis, affects less than 200,000 people in the US population.
	www.wrongdiagnosis.com /s/strongyloidiasis/intro.htm (759 words)

	Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo - SEROEPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF HUMAN STRONGYLOIDIASIS WITH ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-06)
		Since the use of blood samples collected on filter paper for the diagnosis of human strongyloidiasis is very scarce, the objective of the present work is to utilize this procedure in a serological inquiry applying the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT).
		Among several epidemiological factors which could be related to the incidence and prevalence of strongyloidiasis, the habit of walking barefoot seemed a preponderant factor, since 197 (95.2%) of the 207 examined individuals used to be barefooted.
		The collection of blood samples carried out on filter paper in seroepidemiological inquiries of strongyloidiasis is thought to be highly recommendable, since it is of low cost, easy storage and transportation and provides reliable data.
	www.scielo.br /scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0036-46651998000500013&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=en (1306 words)

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