
	Where results make sense

Topic: Structural linguistics

In the News (Wed 15 Feb 12)

EXECUTIVE POWER

Iran

ANALYSIS

Pakistan

Family compact

	Structural Linguistics
		Structural linguistics is primarily concerned with the form of the language.
		Structural linguists also believed that the linguistic behaviors of the members of a speech community were based on orderly structures that each member of the community shared.
		Some structural linguists were able to discover structures and patterns in English which were buried in the language and were not previously noticed due to their lack of similarity to Latin.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/cultural/language/structling.html (822 words)

	LINGUISTICS. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		scientific study of language, covering the structure (morphology and syntax; see grammar), sounds (phonology), and meaning (semantics), as well as the history of the relations of languages to each other and the cultural place of language in human behavior.
		In America, a structural approach was continued through the efforts of Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, who worked primarily with Native American languages, and Leonard Bloomfield, whose methodology required that nonlinguistic criteria must not enter a structural description.
		Chomsky postulated a syntactic base of language (called deep structure), which consists of a series of phrase-structure rewrite rules, i.e., a series of (possibly universal) rules that generates the underlying phrase-structure of a sentence, and a series of rules (called transformations) that act upon the phrase-structure to form more complex sentences.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/li/linguist.html (555 words)

	What Is Linguistics? ERIC Digest.
		Rather, linguists are concerned with the grammar of a language, with the social and psychological aspects of language use, and with the relationships among languages, both historical and in the present.
		Formal linguistics is the study of grammar, or the development of theories as to how language works and is organized.
		Structural linguistics, a principally American phenomenon of the 1940's, was heavily influenced by the work of B.F. Skinner.
	www.ericdigests.org /pre-925/what.htm (1967 words)

	Linguistics Undergrad Program at Duke University Page
		Linguists work at the intersection of these issues and define linguistics as the science of language and languages.
		They are devised to provide depth and breadth in linguistic theory, the different schools of linguistics, the history and development of linguistic thought, and the interdisciplinary aspects of linguistics in the context of languages and cultures.
		LINGUIST 190 taken in the fall of the senior year, is devoted to development of the honors thesis and includes close supervision of the writing stage of the project by a faculty member selected by the student.
	www.duke.edu /web/linguistics/undergrad.htm (841 words)

	Structural Anthropology, by Claude Lévi-Strauss (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The linguists employed a more rigorous method, and their findings were established on more solid grounds; the sociologists could follow their example in renouncing consideration of the spatial distribution of contemporary types as a basis for their classifications.
		Therefore, structural analysis is confronted with a strange paradox well known to the linguist, that is: the more obvious structural organisation is, the more difficult it becomes to reach it because of the inaccurate conscious models lying across the path which leads to it.
		Structural studies are, in the social sciences, the indirect outcome of modern developments in mathematics which have given increasing importance to the qualitative point of view in contradistinction to the quantitative point of view of traditional mathematics.
	www.marxists.org /reference/subject/philosophy/works/fr/levistra.htm (7327 words)

	Structuralism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Structuralism is an approach in academic disciplines that explores the relationships between fundamental elements of some kind, upon which some higher mental, linguistic, social, cultural etc. "structures" are built, through which then meaning is produced within a particular person, system, or culture.
		Structuralism appeared in academic psychology for the first time in the 19th century and then reappeared in the second half of the 20th century, when it grew to become one of the most popular approaches in the academic fields that are concerned with analyzing language, culture, and society.
		Structuralism has been influential in some part of social sciences particularly in the field of sociology while in the field of economics it is barely mentioned.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Structuralism (2231 words)

	Linguistics: An Overview
		Linguistic material was considered of great important since it bore directly on the reading and interpretation of the ancient Vedic and Mantric texts.
		This linguistic preparation for war had to be done in a hurry, the needs were pressing, and centers were set up in dozens of American colleges for the study and teaching of languages, both the common ones and those which were then rare or exotic.
		Zipf was largely disregarded as a radical linguistic eccentric in the l930's, by l960 his work was incorporated in the index of new mathematical work, along with the cybernetics of Norbert Wiener, in a project fostered by Whatmough and the Linguistics Department at Harvard.
	community.middlebury.edu /~harris/linguistics.html (5444 words)

	Does Cognitive Linguistics live up to its name?
		I started off by saying that structural linguistics was structural because it considered languages to be self-contained entities that had either to be shaped into a rigorous (phonological, morphological, possibly lexical) structure, or actually possessed a (phonological, morphological, possibly lexical) structure which was real and merely waiting to be discovered.
		The structures that are put forward in the present day and age by an ever increasing number of often incompatible accounts are so hugely different that they cannot all exist as such in the material that is being described.
		Cognitive Linguists, for instance, rightly start from conceptual structures, which can be reflected in thousands of different ways in the languages of the world, where they are shaped in part by the building blocks of those languages.
	www.tulane.edu /~howard/LangIdeo/Peeters/Peeters.html (7508 words)

	History of linguistics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Linguistics as a study endeavors to describe and explain the human faculty of language and has been of scholarly interest throughout recorded history.
		originating in ancient Greece that was later influenced by the ancient Indian tradition of linguistics due to the study of Sanskrit grammar by European linguists from the 18th century.
		In some cultures linguistic analysis has been applied in the service of religion, particularly for the determination of the religiously preferred spoken and written forms of sacred texts in Hebrew, Sanskrit and Arabic.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_linguistics (1130 words)

	Nineteenth-Century Origins
		It used to be assumed that structural linguistics, as exemplified in the work of the Prague and Copenhagen circles in Europe and Bloomfield and his immediate successors in the United States, represented a definite break with the immediate past, in particular with the views associated with the great historical linguists of the nineteenth century.
		This historical picture of the rise of structural linguistics was, as it were, tacked on to an already existing picture of the development of nineteenth-century historical linguistics from what was thought to be the dilettantism of preceding centuries.
		Then came the scientific but predominantly historically-oriented linguistics of the nineteenth century, and finally structural linguistics incorporating and transcending the results of the previous century.
	people.ku.edu /~percival/Nineteenth.html (2298 words)

	Amazon.ca: A Short History of Structural Linguistics: Books: Peter Matthews (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		This book is a concise historical survey of structural linguistics, charting its development from the 1870s to the present day.
		Peter Matthews examines the beginnings of structuralism and analyzes the vital role played in it by the study of sound systems and the problems of how systems change.
		He discusses theories of the overall structure of a language, the "Chomskyan revolution" in the 1950s, and the structuralist theories of meaning.
	www.amazon.ca /Short-History-Structural-Linguistics/dp/0521625688 (279 words)

	Structural Linguistics
		Its harsh outlines blurred by clouds of trailing smoke, the weavings of the chic Datsun around and around in the drizzle of the Cambridge night sent drizzles of sparks weaving through the Cambridge night drizzle.
		The chic Datsun, its weavings in the drizzle blurred by a harsh evening sky trailing many mangled clouds of smoky metaphor, trailed through Kendall Square, snagging the jagged jointures of jellid junctures as it swerved between MIT's Sloan School and Department of Psychology.
		The Joint Meating of the International Association for Structural Linguistics (IASL) with the National Illiterate Butchers Academy (NIBA) was called to order.
	www.fermentmagazine.org /Bio/linguist.html (669 words)

	LINGUISTICS
		Background and scope of modern linguistics; behaviorist versus rationalist theories of language; universal and cognitive aspects of language structure; interplay of genetic and social factors in language formation; linguistic analysis.
		Linguistic analysis as a basis for the teaching of English as a foreign language; language as rule-governed behavior.
		Intensive investigation of the main trends in the history of linguistics, concentrating on the development of nineteenth-century historical linguistics, the various schools of structural linguistics, and transformational-generative grammar.
	www.washington.edu /students/crscat/ling.html (3024 words)

	BU Linguistics Courses (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		Study of the fundamental properties that all languages share, and of how languages differ, with respect to structure (sound system, word formation, syntax), expression of meaning, acquisition, variation, and change; cultural and artistic uses of languages; comparison of oral, written, and signed languages.
		Structural and typological analysis will focus on the various branches of the Niger-Congo group of languages, which cover a large portion of Sub-Saharan Africa and has the highest language density.
		The surface variability of words, classical structuralism and the morpheme, process morphology, the notions `word' and `paradigm', the structure of the lexicon, morphosyntax.
	www.bu.edu /linguistics/UG/COURSES-LX.html (2110 words)

	linguistics - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		LINGUISTICS [linguistics] scientific study of language, covering the structure (morphology and syntax; see grammar), sounds (phonology), and meaning (semantics), as well as the history of the relations of languages to each other and the cultural place of language in human behavior.
		1966); J. Lyons, Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics (1968), and Language and Linguistics (1981); N. Chomsky, Aspects of the Theory of Syntax (1969); A. Radford, Transformational Syntax (1982); F. Newmeyer, Linguistics (4 vol., 1988); W. Frawley, ed., International Encyclopedia of Linguistics (2d ed., 4 vol., 2003).
		Linguistics: an interdisciplinary journal of the language sciences; 11/1/2005; Romaine, Suzanne; 1776 words
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-linguist.html (744 words)

	Chapter 2: Zellig Harris, Avukah, and Hashomer Hatzir
		Harris is known for his work in structural linguistics and is considered to be the father of discourse analysis.
		My formal introduction to the field of linguistics was in 1947, when Zellig Harris gave me the proofs of his Methods in Structural Linguistics to read.
		I had some informal acquaintance with historical linguistics and medieval Hebrew grammar, based on my father's work in these fields, and at the same time was studying Arabic with Giorgio Levi Della Vida.
	cognet.mit.edu /library/books/chomsky/chomsky/2/2.html (721 words)

	The New York Review of Books: DEEP LANGUAGE
		Though these were prominent structural linguists, they were by no means typical of the wide range of European and American structuralists, either in their interests or in their commitment to behaviorism.
		Their interests and their linguistic theories ranged far beyond mere taxonomy to such areas as linguistic universals, the relation between language and culture, dialectal variation, crosslinguistic interference, ritual language, poetics, and much much more.
		Chomsky's account of so-called Cartesian linguistics is as inaccurate as his portrayal of structural linguistics.
	www.nybooks.com /articles/9956 (1677 words)

	The relationship between mechanical indexing, structural linguistics and information retrieval
		In 1955, I was particularly intrigued by the potential application of Harris’s Methods of Structural Linguistics [9] and said this in a proposal prepared for the National Science Foundation.
		To the Structural Linguist the existence of the heading URUGUAY—EXPORTS is prima facie evidence for the existence of a new transformation.
		The next step in linguistic research on these indexes will answer the question: Does there occur a sentence in the original text from which each of the index entries was drawn that are indeed transformations of the index transforms.
	www.garfield.library.upenn.edu /papers/jis18(5)p343y1992.html (6983 words)

	linguistics: Structural Linguistics
		The father of modern structural linguistics was Ferdinand de
		On the "Adaptation" Metaphor in Linguistics: Areal Grammaticalization.
		Grammaticalization and structural scope increase: possessive-classifier-based benefactive marking in Oceanic languages *.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/society/A0859301.html (247 words)

	LINGUIST List 7.962: Prague (Structural) Linguistics
		Eva HAJICOV=C1, OLDRICH LE=8AKA, PETR SGALL and MENA SKOUMALOV=C1 (eds.) Volume 2 of Prague Linguistic Circle Papers together with Volume 1 of the series, constitutes a single whole, reviving the classical series of Travaux du Cercle linguistique de Prague which was of great importance in the development of European structural linguistics In the 1930s.
		In the present volume, nine Czech and eight non-Czech linguists present new ideas in various domains --from basic properties of the system of language to discourse types and to history of linguistics in the 20th century.
		Also discussed are fundamental issues of structural linguistics, quantitative linguistics, sentence and discourse patterns, phonology, graphemics and the lexicon.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/7/7-962.html (369 words)

	John Benjamins: Details of Studies in Functional and Structural Linguistics
		Taking the broadest and most general definitions of the terms functional and structural, this series aims to present linguistic and interdisciplinary research that relates language structure — at any level of analysis from phonology to discourse — to broader functional considerations, whether cognitive, communicative, pragmatic or sociocultural.
		The series was formerly known as Linguistic and Literary Studies in Eastern Europe (LLSEE).
		Book proposals, preferably structured along the lines indicated in our Guidelines for Book Proposals, can be sent to the series editors, Yishai Tobin yishai@bgumail.bgu.ac.il and Ellen Contini-Morava elc9j@unix.mail.virginia.edu.
	www.benjamins.nl /cgi-bin/t_seriesview.cgi?series=SFSL (269 words)

	Structural Linguistics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The object of linguistics, Saussure argued, must be language (langue) and not speech (parole).
		Thus in linguistics, while we may collect our data from actual instances of speech but the goal is to work back to the system of rules and words that organizes speech.
		This understanding of speech treats it as a "social fact." The concept of a social fact was derived from the work of the great French social theorist Emil Durkheim.
	www.aucegypt.edu /academic/anth/anth352/structural_linguistics.htm (754 words)

	Linguist List - Book Information
		This accessible new textbook is the only introduction to linguistics in which each chapter is written by an expert who teaches courses on that topic, ensuring balanced and uniformly excellent coverage of the full range of modern linguistics.
		Assuming no prior knowledge the text offers a clear introduction to the traditional topics of structural linguistics (theories of sound, form, meaning, and language change), and in addition provides full coverage of contextual linguistics, including separate chapters on discourse, dialect variation, language and culture, and the politics of language.
		There are also up-to-date separate chapters on language and the brain, computational linguistics, writing, child language acquisition, and second-language learning.
	linguistlist.org /pubs/books/get-book.cfm?BookID=19241 (185 words)

	A Short History of Structural Linguistics - Cambridge University Press (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		This concise history of structural linguistics charts its development from the 1870s to the present day.
		It explains what structuralism was and why its ideas are still central today.
		Matthews examines the beginnings of structuralism and analyses the vital role played in it by the study of sound systems and the problems of how systems change.
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521625688 (201 words)

	Definition of structural - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
		1 : of or relating to the physical makeup of a plant or animal body defects of the heart>
		2 a : of, relating to, or affecting structure stability> b : used in building structures clay> c : involved in or caused by structure especially of the economy unemployment>
		4 : concerned with or relating to structure rather than history or comparison linguistics>
	www.m-w.com /cgi-bin/dictionary?structural (121 words)

	Modern English Linguistics: A Structural and Transformational Grammar (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-11)
		The first printing of Modern English Linguistics: A Structural and Transformational Grammar was published by Thomas Y. Crowell Co. Inc.
		Despite considerable changes in Chomsky's ideas in the 1980s and 1990s (as for example, government and binding theory), linguistics textbooks continued to be published well into the 1990s that were still based on the Aspects model.
		Deep structures for noun clauses 144 Noun clause transformations 148 Ordering of noun clause transformations 150 Noun clause questions 154 Deep structures for relative clauses 156 Relative clause transformations 161 Ecxercises 166 For further reading 166
	web.odu.edu /al/jpbroder/modengling.html (598 words)

	Mechanical indexing, structural linguistics and information retrieval
		By the time Naomi Sager began to publish her work, I had not only forgotten about my manuscript, but was out of touch with Professor Harris and the Structural Linguistics Department at the University of Pennsylvania.
		That brings me full circle to the two main points of my paper which were to show not only the potential power of linguistic analysis but also its limitations, including especially the metatext issue.
		From these early considerations and later experience with publishing citation indexes, I was convinced that we had to combine natural language and linguistic analysis with citation indexing.
	www.garfield.library.upenn.edu /papers/jisv19(12)p164y1993.html (782 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)