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Topic: Structure of the draft EU Constitution

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	BBC NEWS \| World \| Europe \| What the EU constitution says
		A constitution for the European Union was agreed in Brussels on 18 June, 2004.
		The constitution brings together for the first time the many treaties and agreements on which the EU is based.
		The EU already has rights to legislate over external trade and customs policy, the internal market, the monetary policy of countries in the eurozone, agriculture and fisheries and many areas of domestic law including the environment and health and safety at work.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/europe/2950276.stm (1430 words)

	Structure
		Incidence structure In combinatorics, an incidence structure is a triple The corresponding incidence structure is called...
		Structure of the British Army The structure of the British Army is complex, due to the different origins of its various...
		Upper structure triad An upper structure is a type of chord voicing for dominant seventh chords consisting of a tritone....
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /topics/structure.html (1191 words)

	EU: a legal coup, by Anne-Cécile Robert
		A constitution is a concrete expression of democracy and a European constitution implies that the 25 member states of the European Union and their peoples recognise that they share a common destiny based on universal suffrage.
		Constitutions must always be adopted by the people, either directly by referendum as in France, or by an exceptionally stringent parliamentary procedure involving the election of a special constituent assembly or a solemn meeting of parliament.
		Many eminent lawyers consider that the EU is a new legal and political structure and that traditional forms of law must therefore be abandoned, that we must be imaginative and stop invoking the ideas of the enlightenment (11).
	mondediplo.com /2004/11/05europe (1895 words)

	EU's draft constitution sets up raucous debate - The Washington Times: World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A summit of EU leaders will debate the draft text in Salonika, Greece, on June 20, with delegates hoping to have a final text in time for a second summit in Rome in October.
		Giscard failed to persuade the convention to adopt another hot-button reform: the creation of a new EU president who could serve up to five years, replacing the widely criticized six-month rotating presidency that is taken in turn by each of the EU members.
		The changes embodied in the draft constitution have sparked a debate across Europe over whether voters should be asked to approve or reject the blueprint directly.
	www.washtimes.com /world/20030602-123447-6774r.htm (873 words)

	ipedia.com: European Union Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The European Union or EU is an international organisation of 25 European states, established by the Treaty on European Union (the Maastricht treaty).
		Agreement on a final draft of the European constitution was reached on the 18 June 2004 at an Intergovernmental Conference in Brussels and now awaits ratification by the EU member states.
		EU Observer - Newssite focusing on the EU
	www.ipedia.com /european_union.html (2947 words)

	Bambooweb: European Union
		The European Union or EU is an international organisation of 25 European states, established by the Treaty on European Union (the Maastricht treaty).
		Agreement on a final draft of the European constitution was reached on the 18 June 2004 at an Intergovernmental Conference in Brussels and now awaits ratification by the EU member states.
		The number of EU citizens (all EU member state citizens or subjects, under the terms of the Maastricht treaty) in the 25 member EU is approximately 453 million as of March 2004.
	www.bambooweb.com /articles/e/u/European_Union.html (3064 words)

	European Union -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The European Union or EU is an (Click link for more info and facts about intergovernmental) intergovernmental and supranational organisation of (A native or inhabitant of Europe) European countries, which currently has (Click link for more info and facts about 25 member states) 25 member states.
		The EU member states have recently agreed to the text of a new (Click link for more info and facts about constitutional treaty) constitutional treaty that, if ratified by the member states, will become the first official constitution of the EU, replacing all previous treaties with a single document.
		Regarding non-economic issues, supporters of the European Union argue that the EU is also a force for (The state prevailing during the absence of war) peace and (A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them) democracy.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/e/eu/european_union.htm (5101 words)

	EUROPA - The EU at a glance - European treaties
		The most recent one, the draft Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe, aims to replace all the existing Treaties with a single text and is the result of the work done by the Convention on the Future of Europe and an Intergovernmental Conference (IGC).
		The Constitution was adopted by the Heads of State and Government at the Brussels European Council on 17 and 18 June 2004 and was signed in Rome on 29 October 2004.
		It amended and renumbered the EU and EC Treaties.
	europa.eu /abc/treaties/index_en.htm (726 words)

	European Union Legal Materials
		The EU began as the European Steel and Coal Community in 1953 with the intent to regulate the capacity of large metal fabricating industries.
		The Draft Constitution was completed and presented to the President of the EU by the President of the Convention on July 18, 2003.
		Five EU institutions are involved in the legislative process: the Commission, the Council of the European Union, the Parliament, the Committee of the Regions, and the Economic and Social Committee.
	www.law.columbia.edu /library/Research_Guides/internat_law/eu (8383 words)

	EU conservatives propose draft EU constitution for debate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The EPP-ED draft constitution "is designed to help ensure that when the Convention's work is done there is actually a concrete result, namely an actual text to present", according to Elmar Brok, chairman of the EPP-ED delegation to the European Convention.
		The EPP-ED group proposes that the present complex structure of the EU and the European Communities, and the EU's three-pillar structure is to be replaced by greater transparency and a simpler structure.
		The Convention President, Valery Giscard d'Estaing, pledged to table the draft proposal for a future EU Constitutional Treaty in November 2002.
	www.euractiv.com /Article?tcmuri=tcm:29-113579-16&type=News (915 words)

	EU Referendum
		Its precise purpose was to consider (and agree) a proposal by the German presidency for a draft "mandate" to instruct a subsequent Inter-governmental Conference (IGC) on the content of a treaty, ostensibly to replace the failed EU constitutional treaty.
		In effect, what the "colleagues" have done is take out the "innovations" from the EU constitution - leaving the orginal treaties - and then shovel the bulk of them into the "mandate" to form the basis of a new treaty - the constitution in all but name, with a few cosmetic changes and omissions.
		Lifted straight from the failed EU constitution, the European Union is to be given the status of a legal person.
	eureferendum2.blogspot.com (14559 words)

	A federal constitution with the heart of a manifesto [EU] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Peter Hain, who was the Government's chief representative at the convention that drafted this text, is proud of the fact that he inserted an amendment stating that the powers of the EU were "conferred" on it by the member states.
		Many federal constitutions have phrases stating or implying that the powers of the provinces were somehow prior; that some powers have been passed to the federal government; and that the rest remain with the provinces.
		The list of "exclusive" powers in the new EU Constitution is admittedly quite short; but many of the powers usually exercised by federal governments are listed in the "shared" category, and the mechanisms are in place for the European federal authorities to take over as much of them as they need.
	www.freerepublic.com /focus/f-news/956963/posts (2671 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Europe \| Analysis: More of the same EU?
		That is the proposal in the draft constitution and it perhaps sums up what is going on in the convention drawing up proposals for a new EU constitution - a compromise between those who want the EU to remain much as now and those who want to forge ahead to a much integrated structure.
		The basic structure of the EU will remain - the Commission as the proposing body and civil service, and the Council of Ministers (made up of the member states) acting with the advice or consent of the European Parliament, as the deciding body.
		The draft text calls for a general rule of qualified majority voting and gives more power to the European Parliament, perhaps more than many had predicted, but rejects a lot of the integrationist measures proposed by the federalists - harmonising some taxes for example.
	news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/europe/2940800.stm (1309 words)

	EU: Nice or Death? European Union Constitution, Treaty of Nice, Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The draft constitution suggests that there would be just 15 commissioners, not the 20 that currently have seats.
		Italy would like to have the constitution in place by the time the EU is enlarged, in May. However, referendums on the constitution are mandatory in Ireland and Denmark, and there are majorities in favor of a referendum in Belgium, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain.
		Kaczynski believes the Polish constitution would be subordinated to the European constitution and is concerned about the possibility of a common European foreign policy that might undermine Poland’s recently strengthened ties with the United States.
	www.masterpage.com.pl /outlook/euniceordeath.html (1361 words)

	Draft for an alternative (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Amendments to the Constitution are to be approved by a two thirds majority of the total number of representatives in both Parliament and Senate.
		It shall have the task of interpreting the legislation of the Union at the request of the European institutions, member states, national courts and natural or legal persons, as well as of guaranteeing that the fundamental rights and freedoms laid down in Union and international legislation, conventions and treaties are duly observed.
		The Union recognises the constitutional structure of its member states and respects the competences of the national governments and representatives.
	www.pceu.org /html/uk_20.html (2760 words)

	RADIO FREE EUROPE/ RADIO LIBERTY
		The constitutional charter is to provide a new framework for decision-making processes, the structure of the EU's institutions, and the basic rights for the enlarged EU.
		Since the populations of many current and future EU members remain skeptical of the EU and its benefits, it might well be that, if given the chance to do so, they would refuse to ratify the EU constitution.
		However, if six or seven EU members fail to ratify the constitution, it would not be worth the paper it was written on and the EU would be facing a major crisis, Vannahme wrote.
	www.rferl.org /newsline/2004/04/5-NOT/not-260404.asp (940 words)

	EUROPA - Glossary - European Constitution
		It is the result of the work of the Convention, which drew up a "Draft Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe" in July 2003.
		The IGC concluded on 29 October 2004 in Rome with the signature of the new Constitutional Treaty by the 25 Heads of State and Government of the Member States.
		To enter into force, the Treaty establishing a Constitution for Europe must be ratified by all the Member States, in accordance with each one's constitutional rules.
	europa.eu /scadplus/glossary/constitution_en.htm (239 words)

	European Constitution
		The ETUC supports the EU’s draft Constitutional Treaty, signed by EU leaders in Rome on 29 October 2004, and urged affiliates to campaign for a ‘yes’ vote in countries holding national referendums.
		The Constitution represents a step forward compared with the existing Treaty of Nice, and should be the springboard for a renewed campaign for a stronger Social Europe.
		The European Convention, which took responsibility for drafting the text of the EU Constitution, met between February 2002 and July 2003.
	www.etuc.org /r/168 (201 words)

	Eurealistback - Powered By Bloglines
		If the Constitution is ratified, the EU Member States would constitutionally and legally become provinces within a European Federal State, with their national democracy, sovereignty and political independence abandoned as they agree formally to subordinate themselves to the superior entity, as in any State Federation.
		The real historical model for the EU is the unification of Germany in the 19th century, which began with a customs union and common market, then became a confederation of formally equal states, and then a unified Federal State with one Constitution, currency, army and government to represent it internationally vis-a-vis other States.
		Under the constitution, the EU ceases to be a collection of member states that have chosen to ‘share’ sovereignty over agreed aspects of their affairs and have agreed, as we did in 1972, that measures agreed by the Council of Ministers should become law in member states.
	www.bloglines.com /blog/Kadams/2004_10 (12954 words)

	TFF Special: EU Militarisation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		If the EU does things differently, draws some other lessons from Kosovo and decides to deal with conflicts around the world in a new way, it may become much stronger and even a moral force - - and stronger than the US on most power scales.
		Den senaste tidens intensiva militarisering av den Europeiska Unionen (EU) är den i särklass viktigaste frågan på agendan för EU toppmötet som kommer hållas i Göteborg den 14-16 juni.
		The largest threat is EU militarisation and integration with a NATO dominated by the United States.
	www.transnational.org /forum/meet/2001/EU_militarization_index.html (1405 words)

	CNN.com - Chalabi: Iraqis must draft constitution alone - Jul. 23, 2003
		Iraq's new constitution must be written only by Iraqis, members of the new Iraqi governing council said Tuesday after meeting with the U.N. Security Council.
		Governing council head Ahmed Chalabi said the group would determine a method of selecting delegates to a constitutional convention but would not itself write the constitution.
		"We look forward for cooperation with the U.N. in establishing and drafting a constitution," said Chalabi, a former exile and a Pentagon favorite.
	www.cnn.com /2003/WORLD/meast/07/22/sprj.irq.main (849 words)

	USS Clueless - British politics
		Much of the process of formation of the EU has been based on a pleasing falsehood everyone has been telling one another, which was that the cultures and attitudes of all Europeans had been growing towards one another for the last hundred years and now they really all pretty much agreed about everything.
		Conversely, the EU constitution is filled with "positive" rights for Europeans that can only be guaranteed by limiting the freedoms of other Europeans.
		But the EU constitution does vow to protect "social justice," "full employment," "solidarity," "equal opportunity," "cultural diversity," and "equality between the sexes." It claims to desire "sustainable development," "mutual respect between peoples," and the eradication of poverty.
	www.denbeste.nu /cd_log_entries/2003/03/Britishpolitics.shtml (2199 words)

	Jamaica - Economic analysis of government's policies, investment climate and political risk.
		The Constitution provides citizens with the right to change their government peacefully, and citizens exercise this right in periodic elections held on the basis of universal suffrage.
		The social structure in Jamaica is unlike the pattern of social organization associated with many developing countries, as there are no clans, lineage, traditional village or village leaders.
		The political structure is dominated by a two-party system with the maintenance of power being largely dependent on the dispensation of patronage at the local level.
	www.mkeever.com /jamaica.html (6801 words)

	Welcome to the European Movement in the UK - About Us (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		If you know you have the correct web address but are encountering an error, please send a mail to the administrator of this site.
		Poland indicates it is ready to compromise on EU voting rights
		EU sides with UK in diplomatic clash with Russia
	www.euromove.org.uk /about/newdraftconstitution (108 words)

	News Archive 1000 amendments to first treaty articles of the draft EU constitution
		The 13-member body putting together the articles for a future EU constitution has been inundated with over 1000 amendments to the first 16 draft articles.
		Presented to Convention members two weeks ago, delegates are continuing to submit proposals for changes even after the deadline of last Monday evening.
		Currently the French MEP William Abitol is one of the very few suggesting a completely different structure to that proposed by the presidium.
	www.truthtv.org /newstext.asp?newsid=1201 (450 words)

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