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	Stuart Kauffman - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Stuart Alan Kauffman (born September 28, 1939), originally trained as a physician, is a theoretical biologist and complex systems researcher, who studies the origin of life.
		Kauffman is presently a professor at the University of Calgary with a joint appointment between biological sciences and physics and astronomy.
		Kauffman rose to prominence through his association with the Santa Fe Institute (a non-profit research institute dedicated to the study of complex systems, where he was one of the faculty in residence from 1986 to 1997) and through his work on models in various areas of biology.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stuart_Kauffman (405 words)

	At home in the universe by Stuart Kauffman
		Kauffman proceeds to suggest that increasing the concentration of the building blocks can get over of the problem of difference in energy, but of course this actually gets over the problem of entropy (which he ignored before), and does not affect the energy difference.
		Kauffman is so keen to offer insights from his idealised models, that on page 107 he actually suggesst that a cell type corresponds to a state cycle with about 317 states of cell activity, and that the cell cycle (of duplication) corresponds to going through a state cycle.
		Kauffman continues to suggest that if mix all the proteins in the world (his estimation 1012) with all the molecules (his estimation 107), and calculate that as a result "A vast explosion of diversity would carom off the perplexed walls of Noah's groaning vessel" (p.
	www.human-brain.org /kauffman.html (4288 words)

	Life - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Variations of this definition include Stuart Kauffman's definition of life as an autonomous agent or a multi-agent system capable of reproducing itself or themselves, and of completing at least one thermodynamic work cycle.
		A useful characteristic upon which to base a definition of life is that of descent with modification: the ability of a life form to produce offspring that are like its parent or parents, but with the possibility of some variation due to chance.
		The Adjacent Possible: A Talk with Stuart Kauffman.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Life (1232 words)

	Stuart Kauffman on The Paula Gordon Show
		Kauffmanâs work and that of his colleagues in a range of disciplines from chemistry to economics further convince him that our world is profoundly unpredictable: we cannot know the outcome of our actions.
		Dr Kauffman explores how all life is ãfunctionally coupledä in ãDarwinâs tangled bank.ä He weaves together the two strands of science which are the ãnarrativeä and the ãfunctional,ä looking for the ãlawfulnessä of what is unfolding.
		Kauffman again reminds us that the Second Law of Thermodynamics explicitly holds at equilibrium and, as he described in detail in Segment One, the universe is in a vastly non-equilibrium state.
	paulagordon.com /shows/kauffman (1399 words)

	At Home in the Universe. (Stuart Kauffman).
		Kauffman's anti-DNA view holds for the origin of life, but in the ontogeny of multicellular organisms networks of genes are needed to enable cell differentiation.
		Kauffman mentions inhibitors briefly in The Origins of Order[2], and concludes that they do not prevent autocatalytic closure, but inhibition is not a basic component of his model.
		Kauffman's universe is fit for life because the probability of an arbitrary protein to catalyze another chemical reaction is high enough to guarantee autocatalysis.
	home.planet.nl /~gkorthof/kortho32.htm (3413 words)

	Stuart Kauffman - EvoWiki
		Stuart Kauffman is a geneticist, biochemist and biophysicist.
		He is external professor at the Santa Fe Institute, professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics at the University of Pennsylvania and founder of the Bios Group LP (now part of NuTech Solutions).
		Kauffman is a proponent of self-organisation as an important mechanism in evolution.
	wiki.cotch.net /index.php/Stuart_Kauffman (93 words)

	Power HD:Stan:web:html:kauffman.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Stuart Kauffman claims that we do belong, arguing that life, rather than being so improbable, is an almost inevitable consequence of the natural occurrence of spontaneous order, of self-organization.
		Kauffman's computer models of this experiment show that this largest connected cluster grows slowly until the number of threads is a little more than half the number of buttons.
		Kauffman takes the average of these fitness contributions as the overall fitness of the genome, as represented by the configuration of the net.
	www.msci.memphis.edu /~franklin/kauffman.html (1858 words)

	Alchemy, NK Boolean Style. Origins & Design 17:2. Dembski, William A.
		Kauffman's project therefore is to use non-linear dynamics and computer simulations to massage our intuitions, make the search for laws of self-organization seem plausible, and ultimately facilitate the discovery of such laws.
		Kauffman never clarifies what he means by complexity and order, or how these concepts apply in one case but not another.
		Kauffman will write, "it is not implausible that life emerged as a phase transition to collective autocatalysis once a chemical minestrone, held in a localized region able to sustain adequately high concentrations, became thick enough with molecular diversity" (p.
	www.arn.org /docs/odesign/od172/dembski172.htm (1640 words)

	Origins of Order Review (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Stuart Kauffman is Professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics at the School of Medicine, Univ. of Pennsylvania, and External Professor at the Santa Fe Institute.
		Kauffman’s is the first comprehensive effort to apply complexity to the theory of evolution by placing evolution within a larger biophysical framework of potential universal laws.
		Kauffman identifies two major limitations to selection, what he terms “complexity catastrophes.” In one scenario, as the complexity of the species increases, the fitness landscape it is operating in deforms to lower the overall possible fitness level.
	home.comcast.net /~reillyjones/order.html (2376 words)

	ISCID - Stuart Kauffman Live Chat (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Dr. Kauffman is MacArthur Fellow and an external professor at the Santa Fe Institute.
		Twenty-five years ago, he developed the Kauffman models, which are random networks exhibiting a kind of self-organization that he terms "order for free." Dr. Kauffman is the founding general partner and chief scientific officer of The Bios Group, a company that applies the science of complexity to business management problems.
		For Stuart info, Wright argued that there was a trajectory to life and eventually human culture, where "zero-sumness" (where cooperation rather than pure competition gets by better) eventually proliferates.
	www.iscid.org /stuartkauffman-chat.php (2850 words)

	frontwheeldrive.com: reviews
		Stuart Kauffman has been probing the "deep structure" of life for decades.
		Kauffman never was much for neo-Darwinism or natural selection, and here he continues his holistic approach to self-organizing biospheres.
		With a healthy mix of speculation, cutting-edge science and hypothesis steeped in years of grappling with the hard questions, Stuart Kauffman's Investigations is sure to inspire and intrigue, as well as confound and confuse.
	frontwheeldrive.com /reviews_investigations.html (314 words)

	Edge: THE ADJACENT POSSIBLE
		Stuart Kauffman is a theoretical biologist who studies the origin of life and the origins of molecular organization.
		STUART A. KAUFFMAN, a theoretical biologist, is emeritus professor of biochemistry at the University of Pennsylvania, a MacArthur Fellow and an external professor at the Santa Fe Institute.
		(STUART KAUFFMAN): In his famous book, What is Life?, Erwin Schrödinger asks, "What is the source of the order in biology?" He arrives at the idea that it depends upon quantum mechanics and a microcode carried in some sort of aperiodic crystal—which turned out to be DNA and RNA—so he is brilliantly right.
	www.edge.org /3rd_culture/kauffman03/kauffman_index.html (3864 words)

	Amazon.com: Investigations: Books: Stuart A. Kauffman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Kauffman's previous book `At Home in the Universe' was aimed at the educated but non-specialist reader and extended those proposals for autocatalysis and self-organization in biological and chemical systems first described in Chapters 1 through 6 of his monumental `Origins of Order'.
		Kauffman proposes that we live in a self-organised critical biosphere with a power-law distribution of small to large avalanches of speciation and extinction events.
		Kauffman is chary of this because he wants a theory which gives a universe as complex as ours roughly poised between expansion and contraction.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0195121058?v=glance (3424 words)

	Kauffman, Stuart A.
		Dartmouth class of 1961, Kauffman is a theoretical biologist, is a leader in complexity theory, applied molecular evolution, origins of life, and developmental genetics.
		Kauffman was a faculty member in Biochemistry and Biophysics at the University of Pennsylvania from 1975-95.
		Kauffman is the author of two books, Origins of Order: Self-Organization and Selection in Evolution, and At Home in the Universe.
	www.dartmouth.edu /~montfell/biographies/g_n/kauffmans.html (141 words)

	[No title]
		Stuart has always been a hero of mine because of his pioneering work in biocomplexity and emergence theory.
		I first met Stuart in 1997 when he gave a talk in the physics department at the U of T and met him several times later at various complexity conferences where we discussed our research and he provided me with feedback.
		Stuart, I wish you the best of luck in your work and Canada, I urge you to support this noble effort which will bring honor to our country and increase our scientific expertise.
	www.physics.utoronto.ca /~logan/gmbob.doc (626 words)

	Stuart Kauffman's "Investigations" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Kauffman (2000), but a discussion of Stuart Kauffman's ideas that have had an influence on my own.
		Kauffman's biological autonomous agents perform their work cycles by consuming food (instead of heat) and in the process do work in the environment (work being the constrained release of energy).
		Kauffman believes a work cycle is necessary for an autonomous agent, though from the flexible way he restates his 'definition', he might not consider it sufficient (leaving aside for a moment, the requirement to reproduce itself).
	osiris.sunderland.ac.uk /~cs0cwi/reports/kauffman.html (3057 words)

	Oxford University Press: At Home in the Universe: Stuart Kauffman (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Kauffman contends that complexity itself triggers self-organization, or what he calls "order for free," that if enough different molecules pass a certain threshold of complexity, they begin to self-organize into a new entity--a living cell.
		Kauffman uses the analogy of a thousand buttons on a rug--join two buttons randomly with thread, then another two, and so on.
		Stuart Kauffman is one of these." In At Home in the Universe, this visionary thinker takes you along as he explores new insights into the nature of life.
	www.oup.com /us/catalog/general/subject/LifeSciences/?view=usa&ci=0195095995 (1071 words)

	MRes Features - Work Shock
		Stuart Kauffman is the author "At home in the universe" and "The origins of order", two profound books on complexity theory and evolution.
		Kauffman is a pioneer of the new science of complexity, which sees in the world of nature an inner force of its own, not mystical but scientific.
		Kauffman shares his discover with us, with lucidity, wit, and cogent argument, and we see his vision.
	www.umu.man.ac.uk /mressoc/kauffman.htm (151 words)

	Science & Religion Bookstore (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Kauffman, Stuart A. A major scientific revolution has begun, a new paradigm that rivals Darwin's theory in importance.
		Now, in At Home in the Universe, Kauffman brilliantly weaves together the excitement of intellectual discovery and a fertile mix of insights to give the general reader a fascinating look at this new science--and at the forces for order that lie at the edge of chaos.
		Kauffman extends this new paradigm to economic and cultural systems, showing that all may evolve according to similar general laws.
	www.scienceandreligionbooks.org /book_details.asp?book_id=469 (381 words)

	NMSR Speakers!
		Kauffman is a biologist and former professor of biochemistry at the University of Pennsylvania and a professor at the Santa Fe Institute; author of Origins of Order: Self Organization and Selection in Evolution (1993), and coauthor with George Johnson of At Home in the Universe (1995).
		Kauffman replied that design theorists have not made their case to biologists, and don't deserve equal time in schools, because the fact of evolution appears to be incontrovertible.
		Stuart Kauffman concluded with a brief discussion of Maxwell's Demon, a hypothetical construct that could appear to violate the laws of thermodynamics by, say, allowing only atoms of a certain speed to go though a hole connecting separate containers, thus changing the state into one of disequilibrium.
	www.nmsr.org /speakers.htm (9022 words)

	An Intriguing Journey: A Review of Investigations by Stuart Kauffman Oxford University Press, 2000
		Stuart Kauffman well as a pioneer in this interdisciplinary field.
		Kauffman recalls for us the explosive impact of Erwin Schrödinger's excursion into interdisciplinary territory, begun with his seemingly innocent little question ``What is Life?''.
		Kauffman does not--explicitly at least--seem to address the problem of how an autonomous agent constitutes itself as an entity--an individual--distinct from its ambiance.
	www.eeng.dcu.ie /~alife/bmcm-complexity-2001/investigations.html (978 words)

	JPH -- The Heretics' Bookstore -- Evolution & Intelligent Design
		Stuart Kauffman, a biophysicist at the University of Pennsylvania and associate of the Sante Fe Institute think-tank for studying complexity theory, combines findings from such fields as biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics to explore the spontaneous emergence of order in natural systems as a necessary extension of selection to drive evolution.
		Stu Kauffman has been exploring these unorthodox sources of order for many years and has now produced an integrative book that will become a landmark and a classic.
		[Kauffman] returns the problem of evolution to the central issue that evolutionists have been avoiding for too long, the problem of the evolution of a complex, organized system.
	www.jamesphogan.com /heretics/originorder (258 words)

	Amazon.ca: Investigations: Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Kauffman is pushing into the adjacent possible at many points, from biology, chemistry, thermodynamics, and economics.
		Kauffman shows how this hypothetical fourth law can be analysed by relating this to his previous work on sustainable chemical diversity.
		Indeed, the best parts of the book are where Kauffman re-caps his previous work on auto-catalytic systems and genomes of real organisms, and then extends the analysis to explain his fourth law of thermodynamics.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0195121058 (1568 words)

	GNS
		Dr. Stuart Kauffman, a pioneer and leading theorist in complexity science, has been researching genetic networks for more than 35 years.
		Dr. Kauffman was a founding member of the Santa Fe Institute and serves as professor emeritus at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine.
		Kauffman received his M.D. from the University of California, San Francisco, and B.A. degrees from Dartmouth College and Oxford University.
	www.gnsbiotech.com /company-sabs-stuartkauffma.html (167 words)

	Our Non-Ergodic Universe (from Evolutionary Theory Conference Summary), Esalen Center for Theory & Research
		Stuart Kauffman followed Deamer with another presentation looking at the big picture of the evolution of life here on earth and in the universe at large.
		Thus Kauffman postulates a possible 4th Law of Thermodynamics whose fundamental premise is that the biosphere is always seeking to expand its “adjacent possible.” In other words, the biosphere is rife with creative emergence, and it cannot be “pre-configured” as traditional science assumes.
		Throughout his presentation Kauffman focused on his term “autonomous agent,” by which he means a system that is autocatalytic (self-reproducing) and does a thermodynamic work cycle.
	www.esalenctr.org /display/confpage.cfm?confid=5&pageid=51&pgtype=1>http://www.esalenctr.org/display/confpage.cfm?confid=5&pageid=51&pgtype=1 (767 words)

	MemeStreams \| MemeStreams Discussion
		Stuart Kauffman, founder of the Sante Fe Institute, published this book in October 2000.
		One of Kauffman's key concepts is that of the adjacent possible...
		In this book, Kauffman applies complexity theory to fundamental questions about the origin and nature of life, not just on Earth but in general.
	www.memestreams.net /thread/bid2727 (160 words)

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