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	Studding sails
		The topmast studding sail boom was often fitted with a small additional brace on the Continent and the topmast studding sail tack was sometimes arranged that it also served as lift to the topmast studding sail boom on the Continent.
		The lower studding sails up to about 1750 carried yards the full width of the sail, and after that time the yards were half the sail width, and the inner earing was hoisted with an inner halyard.
		The halyards of the studding sail yards were single, and reeved through blocks on the yard arms or the booms to leading blocks on the mast and down to the deck.
	www.all-model.com /wolfram/PAGE106.html (392 words)

	Chapter XI. Passage up the Coast-Monterey. Dana, Richard Henry, Jr. 1909-14. Two Years before the Mast. The Harvard ...
		The braces had been let go, and the yard was swinging about like a turnpike—ate, and the whole sail having blown over to leeward, the lee leach was over the yard-arm, and the skysail was all adrift and flying over my head.
		Everything was in confusion on deck; the little vessel was tearing through the water if she were mad, the seas flying over her, and the masts leaning over at an angle of forty-five degrees from the vertical.
		At the other royal-mast-head was S——, working away at the sail, which was blowing from him as fast as he could gather it in.
	www.bartleby.com /23/11.html (1698 words)

	Studding Sails, Small Sails - South Seas Companion Cultural Artefact (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Studding sails, or ‘small sails’ as they were often called by eighteenth-century mariners, were sails made of a lighter weight of canvass that were extended beyond the principal sails of a ship when there was a moderate, steady breeze.
		Topmast studding sails were spread from below by a boom, that was slid out from the ends of the main and fore-yards so as to push out the lower corners of the sail.
		Lower studding-sails were spread beyond the skirts of the main-sail and fore-sail in much the same way, although the boom extending their bottoms was either hooked to the ship’s chains, or fixed to the sail to which it was suspended, and steadied from behind by a rope.
	southseas.nla.gov.au /biogs/P000115b.htm (199 words)

	Text-Book of Seamanship - Part 8
		Sailing in squadron in "order of sailing," those vessels which have the advantage in speed over others, are obliged frequently, besides reducing sail, to back the mizzen topsail, for the purpose of keeping in their stations.
		Sailing with the wind on the starboard quarter, under royals, flying-jib, staysails, and all starboard studding-sails, you are struck by a heavy squall.
		Sailing with the wind on the starboard quarter under royals, flying-jib, staysails, and all the starboard studdingsails,-a signal is made to come to on the port tack, with the main topsail to the mast, under single-reefed topsails.
	www.hnsa.org /doc/luce/part8.htm (15537 words)

	DRAWING SHIPS #1
		A studding sail measures half the area of the sail to which it is an adjunct.
		But about one-fifth of the studding sail is overlapped by the principal sail, hence only four-fifths of it is seen from ahead.
		Then the buntlines (which lead from the yard to the foot of the sail) are used to bundle up the sail into loose folds, spilling the wind.
	www.angelfire.com /ar/rogerart/seven.html (1450 words)

	CHAPTER XXXIII
		As we left the gale behind us, the reefs were shaken out of the topsails, and sail made as fast as she could bear it; and every time all hands were sent to the halyards, a song was called for, and we hoisted away with a will.
		Sail after sail was added, as we drew into fine weather; and in one week after leaving Cape Horn, the long topgallant masts were got up, topgallant and royal yards crossed, and the ship restored to her fair proportions.
		Then, with all her sails, light and heavy, and studding-sails, on each side, alow and aloft, she is the most glorious moving object in the world.
	www.globusz.com /ebooks/Mast/00000045.htm (3356 words)

	Race & Ethnicity: Wood: The Capture of a Slaver (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		She was some miles inshore of us, and as the day brightened we made her out to be a brigantine (an uncommon rig in those days), standing across our bows, with all studding sails set on the starboard side, indeed everything that could pull, including water sails and save-all.
		Soon we saw the studding sails and all kites come down by the run and her yards braced up sharp on the same tack as ours.
		And he was not disappointed, for when we had come within easy range of her, the smoke hid her from view for a few minutes, and as it dispersed the first glimpse showed the captain that her studding sails had all gone, and that she had hauled by the wind, standing across our weather bow.
	race.eserver.org /capture-of-a-slaver.html (7805 words)

	Nares: "Man overboard", 1874.
		When running, the wind does not strike the sails with so much force as when the ship is close hauled, as then she is approaching the wind, therefore in rounding to, besides taking in the studding-sails the upper sails must be taken in.
		The great object when a man is overboard is to approach the man, and also the boat in the event of accident to her, a thing of not unfrequent occurence.
		When running, if the foresail were hauled up and the main-yard braced up, the ship would come round quicker, but as sail always has to be shortened, by the time those ropes were manned it would generally be too late for the evolution.
	www.bruzelius.info /Nautica/Seamanship/Nares(1874)_p195.html (748 words)

	Log 4
		Six sail of the enemies ships off the starboard Beam, and quarter perceived that the nearest frigate had got all the boats from the other ships to tow her towards us.
		At 1/4 before 7 PM a heavy squall of wind and rain took in our skysails, topgallant sails and flying jib, set the fore topmast staysail and took the 2nd reef in the Mizzen topsail and one reef in the spanker.
		At 1/4 past 9 PM the wind hauled round to the Southward and Westward, Set starboard lower steering and topmast and royal studding sails, skysails and gaff topsails, rounded in the weather braces.
	www.polkcounty.org /timonier/shiplogs/log04.html (2052 words)

	CHAPTER XI - PASSAGE UP THE COAST ~ MONTEREY
		The mate and some men forward were trying to haul in the lower studding-sail, which had blown over the sprit-sail yard-arm and round the guys; while the topmast-studding-sail boom, after buckling up and springing out again like a piece of whalebone, broke off at the boom-iron.
		The braces had been let go, and the yard was swinging about like a turnpike-gate, and the whole sail having blown over to leeward, the lee leach was over the yard-arm, and the sky-sail was all adrift and flying over my head.
		At the other royal-mast-head was S-----, working away at the sail, which was blowing from him as fast as he could gather it in.
	www.globusz.com /ebooks/Mast/00000023.htm (1711 words)

	Barque Picton Castle: Voyaging Around the World (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Can't wait to be sailing the Picton Castle with studding sails set towards the Caribbean in the South Atlantic.
		Sails aloft are drying from a rainy, squally night with plenty of wind shifts and attendant bracing.
		The brand-new creamy canvas of the new studding sails was set taut against a background of patched, old, and fairly new, but sun-bleached square sails.
	www.picton-castle.com /2003_8.html (5154 words)

	Observations and Instructions.
		Rig out, and hoist away together, get the studding sails on the yards, cut the stops, and then man the lower and top-mast studding sail hallyards on deck, and the top-gallant-studding-sail-hallyards in the tops; when ready, hoist away all together.
		In making sail upon a wind, whilst the top-men are letting out the reefs, haul on board the tacks, and set all the saty-sails, which, with dispatch, may be completed by the time the reefs are let out.
		As soon as the studding sails are down, the burtons should be taken off the yards, and the jiggers off the lifts.
	www.bruzelius.info /Nautica/Seamanship/x804Obs1.html (491 words)

	Ragnar's Weeb Page: The Sails of a Ship (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Now if you have read these names you have doubtless noticed that most of the sails are named for the mast on which they are hung-the foremast, which is in the how; the mizzenmast, in the stern; and the mainmast, between them.
		On any square-rigged vessel the sails are hung from strong horizontal supports called "yards," and each yard is suspended-or "slung"-at its middle point from the mast.
		When a square-rigged vessel carrie,@ triangular sails, they are hung on heavy ropes cauce, "stays." A fore-and-aft rigged vessel carries one large sail to a mast; and this is attached-or "bent"-to large spars or stays in the midship line of the boat.
	www.theweebsite.com /ragnar/shipsails.html (317 words)

	Message Board
		The diagonal spar which stretches and supports a sprit sail is called a "sprit" (just to be confusing, the square sail hung beneath the bowsprit - the spar which sticks out the front of a ship - is also called a spritsail).
		On many vessels there is two triangular sails, one is the main sail and the other is the mezan sail (I may have written it wrong) they are the gaff sails.
		On this ship for example the lateen sail on mast #11 is the mizzen sail (on the mizzen mast), the one right at the stern on mast #10 is the bonaventure mizzen sail (on the bonaventure mizzen mast).
	www.piratesinfo.com /mysql/phorum/read.php?5,131409,150311 (1024 words)

	Two years before the mast, by Richard Henry Dana, 1840, chapter XI
		After great exertions I got it, or the remains of it, into the top, and was making it fast, when the captain, looking up, called out to me, "Lay aloft there, D---, and furl that main royal." Leaving the studding-sail, I went up to the cross trees; and here it looked rather squally.
		The braces had been let go, and the yard was swinging about like a turnpike--ate, and the whole sail having blown over to leeward, the lee leach was over the yard-arm, and the skysail was all adrift and flying over my head.
		At the other royal-mast-head was S---, working away at the sail, which was blowing from him as fast as he could gather it in.
	castor.wiwiss.fu-berlin.de /~wofa/segeln/stories/2-years/XI.htm (1700 words)

	Miles Wallingford eBook
		We had top-mast and lower studding-sails, and not a tack or sheet had been touched when we got within a quarter of a mile of the frigate.
		At length, having reduced the sail to the three top-sails, reefed, I hove-to the Dawn, and waited for a visit from the Englishman’s boat.
		But Sennit knew a mate from a master, at a glance; and, without noticing Marble’s sea-bow, a slight for which Marble did not soon forgive him, he walked directly aft to me, not well pleased, as I thought, that a ship-master had neglected to be at the gangway to meet a sea lieutenant.
	www.bookrags.com /ebooks/11243/130.html (544 words)

	Announcement of the Launch of th
		The sheer number of the sails indicates that this ship was built for speed as well as beauty.
		In addition to the main sails on each of the masts there are double topgallant staysails connecting the mizzenmast to the main mast and the main mast to the foremast.
		The sails are made of the whitest and strongest canvas, allowing for great beauty and durability.
	www.columbia.edu /~cg2119/announcement_pmg.htm (1446 words)

	Sea Witch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The anxious watcher focused in his telescope at the rapidly approaching tea clipper flying clouds of canvas that could only be the Sea Witch, ring tails and studding sails set, scudding up the New Jersey coast as she caught the winds from the south-southeast.
		Her sleek, fl hull slicing through the choppy swells, with the crew at last taking in her studding sails one after the other and running up her private signal.
		That was because Waterman had sailed from Whompoa to Hong Kong on January 4th, and sailed from there in the evening hours of January 9th.
	www.howlandgroupinc.com /html/sea_witch.html (828 words)

	Unrated Vessels
		All sails which are 'set' are in photo etched brass; rest of kit in white metal alloy.
		This model is of the Hecla, a converted merchantman, which by the use of removable bulwarks, was the first 'bomb vessel' to be able to fire its mortars horizontally as a broadside.
		They were capable of sailing with different sets of sail, according to the force or direction of the wind.
	www.rodlangton.com /napoleonic/unrtd.htm (321 words)

	Editions ANCRE
		In writing his PRACTICAL TREATISE ON SAILS, Jules Merlin, a former student of the Petty Officers' Academy (L'Ecole de Maistrance) and Master Sailmaker in the port of Toulon, set himself the task of providing expert guidance for the sailmaker.
		This is the main attraction of the work for today's reader, since it approaches its subject from a practical standpoint: in a clear and simple fashion, Merlin describes all the necessary steps for making patterns, cutting, sewing and repairing sails for all types of ships.
		The author treats studding-sails, fore-and-aft sails, gaff topsails, topsails, mizzen top-gallant sails and square sails in succession before turning his attention to curved sails including lateen-rigged sails and jibs for a tartan.
	www.ancre.fr /manuel14-e.htm (353 words)

	Picton Castle Log Studding Sails (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The last few days have been fine smooth sailing with a strong sun almost directly overhead.
		Launching and recovering the ships boat under sail without slowing down is a good exercise in seamanship too.
		It's also simply an amazing sight to see any sailing ship at sea under full sail, let alone your own.
	tallships.sailtraining.org /CONTRIBUTE/PictonCastleLogStuddingSails.htm (156 words)

	DryDock Models :: FF With or without sails
		The rigging configuration in the FF kit is as the Fish was set when it first sailed from Boston in 1851.
		While I've only seen photos of some of these pre made sails I've been told by a dealer that most times they are not worthy of the model for one reason or another such wide as vertical blue strips and cloth that is much to thick.
		One way or the other sails should be a part of this project for those who feel sails are a must to make the model look right to them.
	forum.drydockmodels.com /viewtopic.php?t=2065 (1308 words)

	Studding - Grayston Engineering Wheel nuts, wheel bolts, Shims, Spacers
		The panelling supported by the lower studding is generally for the back of a bookcase or radiator box.
		studding and the studding-sails are all set again on the starboard side.
		With the exception of the yard lashing, all of the studding
	parkinter.com /?q=studding (600 words)

	Picton Castle Log Studding Sails
		The best candidates for this scholarship will demonstrate Ted's passion for sailing and adventure, will bring intellectual rigor to life’s challenges and will be curious about how things work.
		In addition to indicating an affiliation with an ASTA member organization, the essay provides an opportunity for applicants to describe not only what they expect to gain from this extraordinary educational adventure, but also what they hope to contribute to the program.
		Each applicant should use this essay as a means to reflect upon his or her passion for sailing and adventure, addressing why he or she is an ideal candidate for this particular award.
	www.sailtraining.org /contribute/TedCochranMemorialScholarship.htm (681 words)

	Model ship building. Wolfram zu Mondfeld " Historic Ship Models "
		Because that was the end of the first part of this book, which connected the hull and its fittings.
		In this second part we have to leave the safety of the deck to climb up into the lofty heights of the masts, sails and rigging, with the vast number of spars and ropes which looks so baffling at first sight, some of them reaching up to a height of 200ft above deck.
		You may occasionally be surprised at the sequence of construction advised in the next chapters -for example, the fact that the sails are discussed before the chapter RUNNING RIGGING tells you how to attach a yard to a mast.
	www.bestscalemodels.com /modelshipbuilding.html (542 words)

	THE CAPTURE OF A SLAVER by J. Taylor Wood \| AMDOCS: Documents for the Study of American History
		standing across our bows, with all studding sails set on the starboard side, indeed everything that could pull, including water sails and save-all.
		And he was not disappointed, for when we had come within easy range of her, the smoke hid her from view for a few minutes, and as it dispersed the first glimpse
		showed the captain that her studding sails had all gone, and that she had hauled by the wind, standing across our weather bow.
	www.vlib.us /amdocs/texts/slaver.htm (7681 words)

	Cape Horn, the challenge and dream of many sailors,Tierra Del Fuego, at the tip of South America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		all the other sails, and made all snug.
		sails had been set during the first part of the day) before we were in
		We were longer taking in sail than ever before; for the sails were
	www.victory-cruises.com /cape_horn3.html (1617 words)

	SENTENCE #2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		The reader does not have to know the vocabulary of the sea, exactly what the forecastle, the larboard quarter, the studding sails, and flying kites are in order to share the feeling of the scene.
		He would know, for instance, that the flying kites, the topmost sails, are abroad only in fair weather.) Dana was not parading his vocabulary inappropriately; he was using every means to convey the ambience of the scene at that moment.
		All the spars and running lines are in order and the sentence sails.
	vms.cc.wmich.edu /~carlsonn/sentcom/2.html (361 words)

	William Falconer's Dictionary of the Marine, S, page 1310
		The studding-sails, on the contrary, being of a much lighter and thinner texture, more readily feel the effort of the breeze, and continue inflated, so as to push the ship forward, and give her head-way.
		By this circumstance, she becomes susceptible of the power of the helm, and is accordingly retained in a steady course; and hence those sails may originally have been called steadying-sails, afterwards corrupted into studding-sails.
		The last conjecture, which seems equally favourable, is drawn from the Saxon word sted, to help or assist; in which sense, those sails may be considered as auxiliar, being set occasionally to help the others, or assist the ship's course; and thence called steading, or steding-sails.
	southseas.nla.gov.au /refs/falc/1310.html (222 words)

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