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Topic: Sturgeon

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	Fish - Atlantic sturgeon
		Rather than having true scales, Atlantic sturgeon are covered with five rows of bony plates called scutes and has a hard snout and four whisker-like sensory barbels that project near the mouth.
		Sturgeon was the first primary cash crop of Jamestown, Virginia, and was second only to lobster among important fisheries in the late 1800s.
		The sturgeon was useful in other ways as well: its skin could be worked into leather for clothing and bookbinding, and its swim bladder could be used to make a semitransparent pure gelatin called isinglass, a clarifying agent for jellies, wine, beer or glue.
	www.chesapeakebay.net /info/atlantic_sturgeon.cfm (754 words)

	Sturgeon chub
		The sturgeon chub is indigenous to the Missouri-Mississippi river basins from Montana to Louisiana (Lee et al.
		The biology of the sturgeon chub (Hybopsis gelida Girard) in Wyoming.
		Tews A. Pallid sturgeon and shovelnose sturgeon in the Missouri River from Fort Peck Dam to Lake Sakakawea and in the Yellowstone from Intake to its mouth.
	www.fisheries.org /units/AFSmontana/SSCpages/sturgeon_chubstatus.htm (1760 words)

	Fact Sheet
		Sturgeons are members of the ancient family, Acipenseridae, and have been here on earth since the Cretaceous period more than 120 million years ago.
		Sturgeon were then caught throughout the Bay during the winter months in Maryland waters and by the spring of 1997, were spread throughout the main bay and tributaries of Maryland and Virginia.
		The sturgeon currently under culture are primarily the progeny of Hudson River stock collected and spawned by the USFWS Northeast Fishery Center National Fish Hatchery in Lamar, Pennsylvania.
	www.dnr.state.md.us /fisheries/education/sturgeon/sturgeon.html (1754 words)

	Sturgeon
		Already sturgeon have been caught that measured 32 inches but had to be released because they were too small for the State minimum size limit of 46 inches.
		Sturgeon grow very fast for the first five years of their life and under ideal conditions will reach legal size (46 in.) in 4 to 5 years.
		All the sturgeon that have been caught have succumbed to worms or mackerel, however, shrimp is the favorite bait where these fish are native.
	www.lakecuyamaca.org /sturgeon.htm (301 words)

	New York's Sturgeon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Atlantic sturgeon are anadromous, migrating from saltwater to spawn in freshwater.
		Large sturgeon that were caught accidentally by fishermen were either discarded, fed to pigs, used as fuel to power steamboats, or used for fertilizer.
		In addition to caviar, sturgeon were harvested for a number of purposes: sturgeon meat was delicious, especially smoked; the skin was tanned for leather; and the swim bladders were used for isinglass, a high quality gelatin used for pottery cement, waterproofing, and for clarifying wine and beer.
	www.dec.state.ny.us /website/dfwmr/fish/fishspecs/sturtext.html (2479 words)

	GORP - Sturgeon - The Northwest's Hottest New Fishery? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Sturgeon have been here all along— millions of years, in fact— but their popularity among anglers has soared since the mid-1980s.
		Sturgeon also show up from time to time in other Northwest waterways, sometimes causing great surprise among local residents who at first think they may have a sea monster on their hands.
		The monster, of course, was eventually identified as a white sturgeon, one that weighed an estimated 600 pounds and may have lived in the lake for upwards of 100 years.
	gorp.away.com /gorp/publishers/foghorn/fis_stur.htm (1758 words)

	ENN: Environmental News Network [[Affiliate News 1220]] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Sturgeon have a prehistoric appearance, with a skeleton consisting of mostly cartilage and rows of bony plates for scales.
		Sturgeon are highly vulnerable to overfishing because of the long time it takes them to reach breeding maturity and because their large size and sluggish nature make them easy to catch.
		Sturgeon populations in the Columbia and the Sacramento-San Joaquin systems were severely depleted by unrestricted commercial fishing in the last late 1800s, prompting California to close the sturgeon fishery from 1916 until 1955.
	www.enn.com /aff.html?id=1220 (1006 words)

	Sturgeon slowly re-emerge in Great Lakes - Boston.com
		Sturgeon -- prized for its caviar and smoked meat -- are slowly starting to make a comeback in areas where water quality has improved.
		Sturgeon also are coveted by poachers who sell their pricey caviar eggs on the fl market.
		Almost all of the sturgeon caught on the lake have been 5 to 10 years old, which is an encouraging sign, said Chris Vandergoot, a fisheries biologist with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources.
	www.boston.com /news/science/articles/2006/09/10/sturgeon_slowly_re_emerge_in_great_lakes?page=full (863 words)

	Lake Sturgeon
		Sturgeons live about half a century, but a sturgeon caught in Canada was estimated to be 154 years old.
		Sturgeons are most famous for their eggs, commonly refered to as caviar.
		An interesting fact: sturgeons are one of the few fishes to have taste buds on the outside of their mouth.
	www2.ic.edu /cochran/ClassPages/205Spring03/Midiri/Sturgeon.html (1179 words)

	sturgeon - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Sturgeons feed by sucking in their food—e.g., crayfish, snails, larvae, and small fishes—from the water bottom through their small, toothless, fleshy-lipped mouths.
		The green sturgeon is a smaller Pacific variety, and the common sturgeon is found in coastal waters and rivers of Europe and E North America.
		Smoked sturgeon is considered a delicacy in many areas, and sturgeon eggs are the source of the better grades of caviar, sometimes in combination with eggs of the paddlefish, a close relative.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-sturgeon.html (793 words)

	Sturgeon Fishing Oregon - Washington, Guide to Columbia River Sturgeon fishing, fishing guides, sturgeon fisheries.
		There are always tons of smaller sturgeon in the river as they live in the river until the grow large enough to migrate out to the salt water usually at around 3 feet in length.
		For the keeper sized sturgeon the main food sources are smelt, crayfish, clams (both freshwater and saltwater), anchovies, sardines, herring, salmon roe and carcasses, sand and mud shrimp.
		The average however that sturgeon fisherman angling for sturgeon are able to catch and release is between 6 and 14 feet with weights of up to 1200 lbs.
	www.nwfish.com /Sturgeon/sturgeon_fisheries.htm (1330 words)

	Sturgeon AquaFarms, LLC - an aquaculture project to produce sturgeon meat and caviar - beluga, osetra, sevruga.
		Sturgeon AquaFarms, LLC (SAF) is a company that is dedicated to restoring the world's resources of sturgeon, the prehistoric fish that can live up to 100 years and grow to be 2800 lb.
		Sturgeon is highly valued for its caviar (unfertilized eggs), a kilogram of which can be sold for up to $2,000 on the Western markets.
		Sturgeon AquaFarms, LLC completed a preliminary project study for commercial caviar production prepared by Anthonie M. Schuur (Aquaculture Management Services) and is in the process of raising funds to start the proposed venture.
	www.sturgeonaquafarms.com (577 words)

	Sturgeon (main by-product caviar): CITES species to watch for in New Zealand
		Sturgeon populations are extremely vulnerable to over-fishing, and indiscriminate catching, because of their late sexual maturity (between 6 and 25 years).
		Due to the combined threats to sturgeon several species and populations are believed to be endangered and close to extinction, and almost all species are threatened to some degree.
		Apart from the adverse impact on sturgeon populations caused by alteration and degradation of habitat, they are also beset by high levels of demand, particularly for caviar on the internal market.
	www.doc.govt.nz /templates/page.aspx?id=42125 (653 words)

	DNR - Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens)
		Sturgeon have a low reproductive rate and may not begin to spawn until they are 15 to 25 years old.
		The lake sturgeon was once located throughout the Great Lakes system, but over harvest by European settlers, destruction of food sources, lampreys and dam construction on spawning rivers have all had an impact on their survival.
		The population of lake sturgeon appears to be stable.
	www.michigan.gov /dnr/0,1607,7-153-10370_12145_12203-33009--,00.html (586 words)

	Sturgeon
		Sturgeon are easily distinguished from all other fishes by the rows of armor-like bony plates, or scales, which partially cover the body.
		The largest of the Iowa sturgeons is the lake, or rock sturgeon.
		The pallid sturgeon, which closely resembles the shovelnose, is presently confined to the Missouri River, where it is very infrequently observed.
	www.iowadnr.com /fish/iafish/sturgeon.html (294 words)

	European sea sturgeon - Acipenser sturio: More Information - ARKive
		Sturgeons are found near to the bottom of the water column, over a soft sandy or muddy substrate (7).
		Sturgeons are generally solitary, spending a number of years at sea before returning to the river where they were born, in order to breed in their turn.
		Sturgeon feed opportunistically on bottom dwelling creatures, feeling for prey amongst the mud with the sensitive barbels on their chin.
	www.arkive.org /species/GES/fish/Acipenser_sturio/more_info.html (525 words)

	GREEN STURGEON (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Green sturgeon have 9-11 scutes on their back (dorsal) located in front of a single dorsal fin, 1-2 scutes trailing the dorsal fin, 23-30 scutes along the side, and 7-10 scutes on the ventral side.
		The green sturgeon is an anadromous fish that spends most of its life in salt water and returns to spawn in fresh water.
		The green sturgeon is not as valuable as the white sturgeon because its flesh is considered inferior to that of the white sturgeon.
	www.psmfc.org /habitat/edu_gsturg_fact.html (548 words)

	Sturgeon and Sea Lamprey (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		To minimize the risk to known populations of sturgeons during treatments, streams with populations of sea lampreys and lake sturgeons are treated at lower concentrations of lampricides, usually after August 1 when fewer sturgeons are present, and when juvenile sturgeons are larger and more tolerant to lampricide exposure.
		Juvenile sturgeons were assessed by gill net and bottom trawl in the mouths and near offshore waters of the Bad and Sturgeon rivers in 1994.
		Many of the sturgeon fry migrated during early and mid-June and it appeared that most of the fry had moved to the lower portion of the river or out of the river by July 1.
	www.fws.gov /Midwest/Marquette/sturgeon.html (685 words)

	gr-sturgeon (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The southern population is comprised of fish in the San Francisco Bay and Delta that spawn in the Sacramento River basin, and the northern population extends from the Eel River in Humboldt County, California to the Columbia River in Washington.
		Sturgeons in general are highly vulnerable to habitat alteration and over-fishing because of their specialized habitat requirements, the long time it takes them to reach breeding maturity, and their sporadic reproductive success.
		The southernmost green sturgeon populations occur in California, a region experiencing dramatic declines of its anadromous fishes due to dams, water withdrawals, and habitat alteration.
	www.biologicaldiversity.org /swcbd/species/grnsturgeon/index.html (825 words)

	Sturgeon research activities on Shortnose Sturgeon and other species
		Because green sturgeon life history information is critical to this species’ protection, a multidisciplinary project was initiated in 1999 to elucidate the general biology of green sturgeon, conducting studies of the species: 1) movements and distributions, 2) physiology, 3) reproductive biology, and 4) genetics.
		Sturgeon farms have achieved independence from wild broodstock and use effective methods to produce their own seed stock each year.
		Most recently, the Idaho sturgeon industry has had several years of highly successful spawning of the indigenous sturgeon stock and is fully capable of producing endemic seed stock to fill the needs of their states commercial industry.
	www.iucn.org /themes/ssc/sgs/sturgeon/activities-usa2.html (811 words)

	Lake Sturgeon Fact Sheet
		Primitive in appearance, the lake sturgeon has a torpedo-shaped body that is covered with five rows of bony plates: one on top and two rows along each side.
		The lake sturgeon is one of the longest-lived and slowest to mature freshwater fish species.
		The lake sturgeon is found primarily in freshwater lakes and large rivers in northeastern North America, but also occurs in the brackish waters of Hudson Bay and the St. Lawrence River.
	www.dec.state.ny.us /website/dfwmr/wildlife/endspec/lakestur.html (553 words)

	Sturgeon
		Missouri is home to three species of sturgeon; shovelnose, a river sturgeon which is common in our big rivers, and two other species that are rare and considered endangered -- the lake sturgeon and pallid sturgeon (another type of river sturgeon).
		River sturgeons can be separated from the lake sturgeon by the shovelnose snout, 4 lobes on the lower lip, and the fringed barbels.
		Sturgeons in Missouri's two great rivers are suffering from a one-two punch like nothing else in their 150 million-year history.
	www.mdc.mo.gov /fish/sport/sturgeon (531 words)

	NRDC: Caviar Emptor
		Among those sturgeon, the beluga is at greatest risk -- it is so depleted, in fact, that it may no longer be reproducing naturally in the Caspian.
		The overfishing that now threatens sturgeon exploded after the fall of the Soviet Union, which led to the collapse of fishery management in the Caspian Sea and paved the way for an enormous fl market in caviar.
		Meanwhile, pollutants from urban and agricultural runoff and industrial discharges are interfering with sturgeon's reproduction and contribute to large fish kills.
	www.nrdc.org /wildlife/fish/caviar.asp (602 words)

	Sturgeon General ~ Spring / Summer 2002 Newsletter
		A total of 24 sturgeon were released, however the remaining twelve fingerlings were to small for transmitters so were instead injected with a PIT tag for future identification.
		It is clear that some of the sturgeon returned to the lake when the water temperatures decreased, then returned to the river when the water temperatures raised.
		A total of 108 sturgeon were tagged in the river, each were injected with a PIT and floy tag, and biological data was collected.
	www.sturgeonfortomorrow.org /newsletter-2002s.php (1669 words)

	DANFS: USS Sturgeon (SS-187)
		Sturgeon was at sea again on 28 December 1941 en route to the Tarakan area, off the coast of Borneo.
		Sturgeon fired a spread from her forward tubes which resulted in a large explosion on the transport, and her screws stopped turning.
		Sturgeon finally came to periscope depth and trailed the convoy until the next morning when she made an end-around run and fired four torpedoes at a freighter.
	www.ibiblio.org /hyperwar/USN/ships/dafs/SS/ss187.html (1887 words)

	jargon, node: Sturgeon's Law
		Sturgeon's Law /prov./ "Ninety percent of everything is crap".
		Derived from a quote by science fiction author Theodore Sturgeon, who once said, "Sure, 90% of science fiction is crud.
		That's because 90% of everything is crud." Oddly, when Sturgeon's Law is cited, the final word is almost invariably changed to `crap'.
	www.jargon.net /jargonfile/s/SturgeonsLaw.html (70 words)

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