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	SSN-637 Sturgeon - Navy Ships
		STURGEON class submarines were built for anti-submarine warfare in the late 1960s and 1970s.
		Attracting little publicity during its heyday, this class of ship was the platform of choice for many of the Cold War missions for which submarines are now famous.
		After a 5-year study was completed on the SSN-637 class submarine, the design life was extended from 20 years to 30 years, with a possible extension to 33 years on a case-by-case basis.
	www.fas.org /man/dod-101/sys/ship/ssn-637.htm (499 words)

	SSN-637 Sturgeon
		Thus in the progression from Skipjack to Thresher to the Sturgeon class in 1967, there were significant improvements in quieting with each generation, and a loss in several knots of top speed.
		USS Sturgeon (SSN 637) was originally conceived as a modest upgrade to the Permits but she grew to become a class of her own.
		Submarines were uniquely able to collect and maintain this data base of opposing submarine signatures, which served both their own operations as well as the other ASW communities.
	www.globalsecurity.org /military/systems/ship/ssn-637.htm (1193 words)

	U.S. Submarine Classes
		Originally commissioned as ballistic missile submarines, the two remaining members of this class of submarine have been converted to special operations attack submarines, with a capacity for carrying and delivering special operations forces added.
		Rapidly being phased out in favor of the LOS ANGELES and SEAWOLF Classes of attack submarines, this venerable and flexible workhorse of the submarine attack fleet brought the Cold War home to the enemies of freedom for over 25 years and continues to operate in the forward areas of the world to this day.
		Originally intended as a class of 29 submarines to be built during a ten-year period, the end of the Cold War and budget constraints have led to a revision in submarine planning.
	www.milnet.com /pentagon/subclass.htm (1612 words)

	Navy League of the United States - Citizens in Support of the Sea Services
		Diesel-electric submarines are limited in their ability to operate under ice, however, so the operational concepts developed remained good in theory but poor in practice.
		Soon, a new class of submarines, led by the USS Sturgeon, was being designed with significantly improved capabilities for operating under ice.
		Submarines of today’s "improved" Los Angeles class retain modest under-ice capabilities, but they do not rival the more robust features of the Sturgeon class.
	www.navyleague.org /sea_power/dec_00_09.php (2681 words)

	USS Finback SSN 670 Sturgeon Fast Attack Cold-War Era Submarine
		Regardless, the Sturgeon class had soon become the attack-class submarine which set the standard for all those which were to follow.
		This vehicle is a salvage and rescue submarine that is mounted on a cradle on the deck.
		Several Sturgeon-class attack submarines are being retrofitted with anechoic hull coatings that further reduce noise as the submarine powers through the water, increasing it chances of remaining undetected.
	www.mcguinnessonline.com /finback/photos.htm (1194 words)

	Submarine Centennial Chronology
		Submarines are spared during the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, making the submarine force indispensable.
		It was to the Submarine force that I looked to carry the load until our great industrial activity could produce the weapons we so sorely needed to carry the war to the enemy.
		The remaining SSBN-598 class submarines are converted to SSNs.
	www.navy.mil /navydata/cno/n87/history/chrono.html (3046 words)

	Kursk accident investigation update (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The nuclear-powered submarine USS Greeneville, part of Pacific Fleet, was on patrol south of Oahu, Honolulu, when it surfaced and collided Friday with a Japanese fishing boat, Ehime Maru, which was carrying high school students.
		Following the Feb. 9 collision between a U.S. nuclear attack submarine and the Japanese trawler, the U.S. Navy could not immediately confirm that it made any changes in the surfacing procedure for its submarines, based on the outcome of the investigation into the 1989 collision between the USS Houston and the Barcona tug.
		According to a number of Russian submarine experts, the reason behind this sad statistics is poor technical shape of the U.S. submarine fleet and inadequate training of the submarine crews.
	www.aeronautics.ru /news/news001/news023.htm (1540 words)

	Submarine News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The capture of the U-505 submarine on June 4, 1944 gave the allies their first look inside of a german u-boat and the chance to see the technological advances of the Nazi war machine.
		The Jimmy Carter, third and final boat of the Seawolf class of nuclear attack submarines was commissioned.
		The CSS Hunley was the Confederate Navy's submarine.
	www.ssn649.net /submarine_news.html (1135 words)

	Submarine Models. SEAWOLF - TRIDENT - LOS ANGELES - STURGEON
		Submarine Models are beautifully handcrafted using select Mahogany and Walnut hardwoods naturally finished in clear stain and high gloss polyurethane.
		Each Submarine Model is mounted on a solid Walnut Base that has an area to display an engraving plate (1.5" x 3.0" engraving plate size).
		Submarine Model is beautifully handcrafted using select Mahogany and Walnut hardwoods displayed on a solid walnut base.
	www.creative-woodworking.net /Wooden_Submarine_Models.htm (571 words)

	PARCHE'S MISSION
		Deep-diving submarines of vast range, ships of her class are adept in offensive operations against hostile submersibles.
		She is particularly suited as a "killer submarine" for joint operations with units of the antisubmarine warfare forces.
		Vast range and terrible striking power through torpedoes are the hallmark of the nuclear-power submarine.
	www.parche683.net /mission.htm (147 words)

	SCICEX 99
		The submarine is currently engaged in the fifth of five planned science expeditions (SCICEX) to the Arctic Ocean in a joint venture between the Navy and the National Science Foundation (NSF).
		Electronics Technician 3rd Class Tommy Erikson of Boise, Idaho who was on watch as the quartermaster of the watch, immediately notified the officer of the deck of the danger indications and the ship took immediate actions to avert the disaster.
		Coincidentally, he rode the Hawkbill for the first Sturgeon-class submarine submerged winter-transit of the Bering Strait in 1973, and now he is making his final trip north on Hawkbill marking the last such trip by this class of submarine.
	www.csp.navy.mil /scicex/breakice.htm (2127 words)

	A New Era in the Arctic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		With normal SSIXS satellites unavailable in the high Arctic, submarines in that region are often limited to communicating with their low data rate VLF floating wire antennas.
		The Arctic is too variable an environment to fully test a submarine in one brief deployment, and for 2002, we hope to send one representative from each of the three types back to the region in different seasons.
		Gossett, a 1972 graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy, is the Head of Operations at the Arctic Submarine Laboratory.
	www.chinfo.navy.mil /navpalib/cno/n87/usw/issue_12/era_the_arctic.html (912 words)

	Hammerhead (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The second Hammerhead (SS(N)-663), a Sturgeon-class nuclear submarine, was laid down by Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Co..
		The commissioning of the nuclear submarine is scheduled for the spring of 1968.
		A key element in the underwater deterrent force of the Navy she contributes to the vital, continuing task of "keening the peace" over the vast reaches of global waters.
	www.history.navy.mil /danfs/h2/hammerhead-ii.htm (179 words)

	SCICEX-99 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		With the submarine measuring 52 feet between the bottom of its hull and the top of its sail, there were times when the ice cover would pass as close as 17 feet overhead.
		Accompanied by the prolonged groans and roar of rending ice, the submarine’s fl-steel sail rose slowly and majestically from beneath the surface on 3 April – shattering the frozen stillness of the Arctic landscape.
		Ice was quickly cut and shoveled away from the submarine’s after hatch to permit Dr. Margo Edwards, a geologist from the University of Hawaii, and her team of scientists to embark for a week’s survey of the Chukchi Cap region.
	www.chinfo.navy.mil /navpalib/cno/n87/usw/issue_4/scicex_99.html (2942 words)

	USS STURGEON
		STURGEON departed Groton, Connecticut in April 1967 and conducted her shakedown cruise down the east coast with ports of call in Norfolk, Virginia, Charleston, South Carolina, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, St. Croix in the American Virgin Islands, and Roosevelt Roads, Puerto Rico.
		For her efforts in fiscal year 1988 STURGEON was judged as one of the outstanding submarines of the Atlantic Fleet.
		STURGEON was again deployed from June to September 1990 and was awarded the Battle "E," Engineering "E," ASW "A," and the Supple "E" for that fiscal year.
	www.totalnavy.com /uss_sturgeon.htm (1541 words)

	Navy Days
		While the submarine force wasn't anything resembling a good time, it was a good experience that I don't regret at all.
		Classes took up about 8 hours if I remember correctly, and the rest was study time, which was needed.
		Alas, my assignment was to one of the oldest subs in the fleet, the USS Whale, a 637-class (aka Sturgeon class) submarine that was built before I was born (keel laid in 1965).
	www.sebrell.com /Navy_Days.html (1427 words)

	NOVA Online \| Submarines, Secrets, and Spies \| Can I Borrow Your Sub?
		Greg Kurras, a member of the civilian scientific team that rode the nuclear attack submarine USS Hawkbill into the Arctic in August 1998, poses at the North Pole.
		Newton is Chairman of the U.S. Arctic Research Commission and a 25-year Navy submarine veteran who served under the legendary Admiral Hyman Rickover.
		The SCICEX cruises were not the first time an American nuclear submarine had traveled under the Arctic ice.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/subsecrets/coldwar.html (846 words)

	USS HAWKBILL COMPLETES GLOBAL JOURNEY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The Sturgeon-class submarine traveled to the North Pole, into England, down to the equator and through the Panama Canal before finally returning to its homeport of Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
		The crew wasn’t searching for an enemy submarine in the name of defense, but rather put their training to the test for a different national cause: Science.
		The submarine conducted the fifth of five planned science expeditions (SCICEX) to the Arctic Ocean in a joint venture between the Navy and the National Science Foundation (NSF).
	www.csp.navy.mil /scicex/hawk-ret.htm (420 words)

	Honolulu Star-Bulletin Local News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The submarine USS Hawkbill has returned to Pearl Harbor after completing the fifth and last science expedition to the Arctic ocean in a joint venture between the Navy and National Science Foundation.
		Submarines have been taking University of Hawaii and other scientists to the Arctic Ocean to collect data and increase military and scientific understanding of the region.
		Rear Adm. Al Konetzni Jr., commander of the Pacific Submarine Force in Pearl Harbor, said the fleet has shrunk from 96 submarines in 1990 to a projected 50 by the year 2003.
	starbulletin.com /1999/07/03/news/story10.html (196 words)

	Gurnard
		The second Gurnard, (SS(N)-662), a Sturgeon-Class nuclear submarine, was laid down 22 December 1964 by the San Francisco Bay Naval Shipyard, Vallejo.
		Once commissioned, she will become a key element in the underwater deterrent force of the Navy and will contribute vitally to the continuing task of "keeping the peace" over the vast reaches of global waters.
		Moreover, she will be able to carry out extensive ASW operations, either alone or with other fleet submarines or with destroyer-type surface ships.
	www.history.navy.mil /danfs/g10/gurnard-ii.htm (187 words)

	SUBSIM Review - Terry Jones on 688(I)
		He is experienced in all aspects of submarine warfare and served in four classes of submarines.
		When not on watch, submariners have to find the time for training (division, department, and crew-wide), damage control and other casualty drills, their own qualification (in submarines and on the next senior watchstation), cleaning the ship, maintenance and administrative tasks, and sleeping.
		A submarine may be out for five days for training or for two or three months at a stretch when deployed.
	www.subsim.com /ssr/tjones.html (1801 words)

	Sturgeon class submarine - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sturgeon-class (colloquially in Navy circles, the 637 class) attack submarine (SSN) were the "work horses" of the submarine attack fleet throughout much of the Cold War.
		They were phased out in the 1990s and early 21st century in favor of the Los Angeles and Virginia classes.
		All Sturgeons were designed to surface through ice, with a reinforced sail and diving planes capable of rotating all the way to vertical.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sturgeon_class_submarine (268 words)

	All Hands Online - April 1999: Rising Water Level
		In addition to teaching officers and enlisted submariners that basic knowledge, the school provides functional refresher, advanced and team training to submarine and submarine support personnel to increase and maintain knowledge and proficiency in specific skills.
		Because of the modern equipment and weaponry in nuclear submarines and the multitude of sources for fire, it's important that sub crews remain highly trained in all aspects of fire fighting.
		After World War II, the submarine force was strengthened, mothballed vessels were recommissioned, new boats were built and facilities were added to the base as part of a rapid wartime expansion.
	www.mediacen.navy.mil /pubs/allhands/apr99/pg18.htm (2363 words)

	USS Billfish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The responsibility of the Fast Attack boat, or 'hunter/killer' includes not only her traditional role as a seek and destroy weapon which can detect, track, and if necessary, destroy enemy submarines and shipping at great ranges, but she is also a highly stealthy intelligence gathering platform.
		The Billfish, along with her sister submarines serving in all parts of the world, provide our military with pieces of a sophisticated jigsaw puzzle which give us a vital edge over enemies of the United States.
		The Billfish is a 637 or 'Sturgeon' class submarine, 37 of this class were built
	www.ussbillfish.com /id17.htm (268 words)

	[No title]
		Aboard the USS Hammerhead, a frontline nuclear submarine of the venerable Sturgeon-class, we were submerged for 54 days on one run, with two torpedo tube doors open and torpedoes powered up and ready, trailing a Charlie-class (the predecessor to the Kursk) in the Mediterranean while it shadowed the aircraft carrier Kennedy.
		The SSNX submarine, the winner of the War of the East China Sea, sets out to find the submarine intruder, only to be put on the bottom.
		In the submarine force, he would be correctly labeled a 'non-qual air breather' because anyone who isn't a dolphin-wearing, submarine qualified officer or enlisted man simply consumes the ship's food, bunk space and highly valuable air.
	www.military.com /NewContent/0,13190,Dimercurio_112103,00.html (3687 words)

	USS Parche Decommisions at PSNS
		Bill Guerrero relieved Capt. Charles Richard as commanding officer of the Sturgeon-class attack submarine in front of former Parche crew members, distinguished guests and family and friends of the crew.
		The boat was refueled and modified for research and development, adding a 100 foot extension to its hull, and began a new mission as part of Submarine Development Squadron 5.
		Parche resumed Pacific Fleet operations in 1992 and was transferred to its new homeport at Naval Submarine Base Bangor, Wash., in November 1994.
	www.news.navy.mil /search/display.asp?story_id=15693 (708 words)

	Honolulu Star-Bulletin Local News
		The research mission is the last of five conducted annually in the Arctic under an agreement between the Navy and civilian science community.
		A complex sonar system called SCAMP -- Seafloor Characterization and Mapping Pods -- was mounted on the submarine's hull last year, giving scientists their first good look at the Arctic's ocean bottom.
		Edwards will fly to Barrow, Alaska, in a few weeks and be flown by the Arctic Submarine laboratory to an ice camp to join her colleagues.
	starbulletin.com /1999/03/20/news/story10.html (808 words)

	Submarine Museum Tour
		On display are models of every major type of U.S. submarine built from USS HOLLAND (SS-1), purchased in 1900, to the present Los Angeles, Ohio, and Seawolf class submarines.
		The first exhibit room is a representation of a Sturgeon class submarine attack center.
		In the second exhibit room is a recreation of a World War II submarine attack center.
	www.ussnautilus.org /museum2.html (265 words)

	The Log (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The wet trainer was constructed in 1991 and simulates a real-life flooding scenario in a submerged submarine.
		Midshipman 3rd Class Jill Weston of the University of Michigan Navy ROTC program said she was ecstatic when she exited the wet trainer.
		Midshipman 3rd Class Wayne Jubane of the University of Washington, Seattle, said he anticipates spending his naval career aboard submarines.
	www.navycompass.com /printer/article.asp?c=190858 (433 words)

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