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Topic: Sub antarctic islands

	Prince Edward Islands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Marion Island, the larger of the two islands, lies at latitude 46°54' S and longitude 37°5' E. It is roughly 19 km long and 12 km wide with a surface of 290 km² and a coastline of some 72 km, most of which are high cliffs.
		Marion Island is one of the peaks of a large underwater shield volcano that rises some 5000 m from the sea floor to the top of State President Swart Peak.
		However, the cats multiplied quickly, and by 1977 there were about 3400 cats living on the island, feeding on the burrowing petrels instead of the mice, threatening to drive the birds to extinction on the island.
	www.leessummit.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Marion_Island (662 words)

	South Orkney Islands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Laurie Island is the easternmost of the islands.
		Subsequently, the islands were frequently visited by sealers and whalers, but no thorough survey was ever done until the expedition of William Speirs Bruce on the Scotia in 1903, which overwintered at Laurie Island.
		Bruce surveyed the islands, reverted some of Weddell's name changes, and established a meteorological station, which was turned over to Argentinian meteorologists upon his departure in 1904.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/South_Orkney_Islands (441 words)

	South Shetland Islands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The islands were discovered by the British explorer William Smith on 19 February, 1819 and claimed in the name of King George III.
		The first landing on the islands was made on the largest of the South Shetlands, King George Island by the same man on 16 October that year.
		Sealing and whaling took place on the islands in the 19th and early 20th century, but the islands have only been occupied since the establishment of a scientific research station in 1944.
	www.bonneylake.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/South_Shetland_Islands (317 words)

	Facts and Photos of Crozet, Kerguelen, & other sub-Antarctic Islands
		Kerguelen Islands are also called the "islands of desolation" because the landscape is barren without trees.
		The sub-Antarctic Islands are unusual because the ecosystem is based on the resources the penguins bring onto the land from the sea.
		Because there is no industry or living population of humans on the islands, the land and water surrounding the area is not polluted.
	www.siec.k12.in.us /~west/proj/penguins/subislands.html (435 words)

	ANTARCTIC ORNITHOLOGICAL STUDIES DURING THE IGY
		Through its Falkland Island Dependencies Survey (FIDS), the United Kingdom organized a banding project in 1947, and more than 7,200 birds of seventeen species in the Antarctic or sub-Antarctic have been banded through the 1956-57 nesting season at bases in Palmer- land (Sladen and Tickell).
		During the Antarctic summer of 1958-59 the breeding habits of the Snow Petrel (Pagodroma nivea) are being studied at the Mawson Station.
		Five zones in his bio-geographic studies included the Antarctic ice shield; lands isolated from the sea, such as the Bunger "oasis"; the "mature Antarctic oasis" or cold desert, having a connection with the sea; littoral islands; and sub-Antarctic islands.
	elibrary.unm.edu /sora/JFO/v030n02/p0114-p0118.html (3302 words)

	List of antarctic and sub-antarctic islands - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sub-antarctic islands are islands in the Southern Ocean around Antarctica north of the Antarctic Circle (66° 33' 38").
		Antarctic islands are the islands in the Southern Ocean or in the seas around Antarctica south of the Antarctic Circle.
		King George Island or Île du Roi Georges or Isla 25 de Mayo or Isla Rey George or Isla Veinticinco de Mayo or King George's Island or König Georg Insel or Waterloo Island (the largest of the South Shetland Islands)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/List_of_sub-antarctic_islands (1408 words)

	The World Factbook 2004 -- Field Listing - Background
		The uninhabited islands were discovered and colonized by the Portuguese in the 15th century; they subsequently became a trading center for African slaves and later an important coaling and resupply stop for whaling and transatlantic shipping.
		Dominica was the last of the Caribbean islands to be colonized by Europeans, due chiefly to the fierce resistance of the native Caribs.
		Pitcairn Island was discovered in 1767 by the British and settled in 1790 by the Bounty mutineers and their Tahitian companions.
	www.brainyatlas.com /fields/2028.html (15472 words)

	Beeltes of the Sub-Antarctic Islands
		The arthropod fauna of Campbell Island was documented last century, (see Gressitt 1964) and this island is perhaps the best studied and surveyed among New Zealand's subantarctic islands.
		By extrapolation, we may expect that the Auckland Islands (51 000 hectares), the largest and least known of the subantarctic islands with at least 57 species known thus far (Marris 2000), may have over 100 species, though work is necessary to document in detail the beetle diversity on this and Snares Islands.
		The beetle fauna of the Bounty Islands (135 hectares), with nine species, is currently under study by John Marris (Lincoln University), and Australia's Macquarie Island, about 200 kilometres south of Campbell Island, has eight species (Greenslade 1990).
	www.landcareresearch.co.nz /research/biodiversity/antarctica/html/beetles.html (1023 words)

	Protected Areas Programme - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The islands are distributed off the south and eastern coasts of New Zealand, the Antipodes Islands lying at a distance of 820km from South Island.
		The Bounty Islands were discovered by Europeans in 1788 and there was a rush of sealing expeditions in the early 19th Century but, by the 1830s, the seals were all but extinct.
		The five island groups of the NZSAI very markedly in size, geology, landforms and climate but their main distinction is that they are the most significant site for seabirds in all of Insulantarctica.
	www.unep-wcmc.org /sites/wh/subantar.htm (2404 words)

	Antarctica News Archives - Antarctic Connection (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Australian sub-Antarctic islands in the Indian Ocean in November-December 2002 during a single voyage by its forty-six passenger vessel 'Akademic Shokalskiy'.
		Heritage, which has operated tours to the Ross Sea and sub-Antarctic islands south of New Zealand since 1994 (ANAN-41/14, 14 February 2001), planned a similar Indian Ocean voyage for the 1998-99 austral summer, however, it was later cancelled.
		Article courtesy and (c)copyright of 2002 Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston Tasmania 7050, All images, text and downloadable files in ANAN articles are copyright (c) Commonwealth of Australia 2002.
	www.antarcticconnection.com /antarctic/news/2001/01090101.shtml (384 words)

	Plants Sub-antarctic Islands Flora Heard Island And McDonald Islands Are Located In The Southern Ocean, Approximately ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The sub-Antarctic islands surrounding the continent and north of latitude 60° S are, with two for EIAs, Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora, Waste Disposal and Waste.
		These islands include The Snares, the Auckland Islands, the Campbell introduction to the islands' history, geography, flora and fauna and is. Join us as we explore New Zealand and its remote sub-Antarctic islands aboard the through the gardens and learn about the.
		The Antarctic is the coldest, driest, and windiest region on Earth of Antarctica and the sub-Antarctic islands, including geology and geography, flora and fauna, current scientific.
	plants.ciide.com /plantsTO3859.html (917 words)

	Heard Island and McDonald Islands - Wikitravel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Heard Island and McDonald Islands are uninhabited, barren, sub-Antarctic islands in the Southern Ocean.
		Heard Island is largely ice-covered, bleak and mountainous and is dominated by a large massif (Big Ben) and by an active volcano (Mawson Peak).
		The islands are populated by large numbers of seal and bird species, and have been designated a nature reserve.
	wikitravel.org /en/Heard_Island_and_McDonald_Islands (190 words)

	Sub-Antarctic Islands - South Georgia
		Initially, he thought he had found the mythical southern continent at the south pole, but quickly discovered it was an island.
		Sealers were attracted to the island by Captain Cooks description and hunted the fur seals almost into extinction.
		Although they tried desperately not to do the same to whales in the early 1900s, the whales were also nearly driven to extinction, with the Japanese the last to give up in the 1950s when whaling became unprofitable.
	www.cybamuse.com /antarctica/sthGeorgia.htm (304 words)

	ExpeditionTrips.com: Trip Details Page
		Introduction: The Sub Antarctic Islands of New Zealand and Australia, the forgotten islands of the South Pacific, are the Galapagos of Antarctica.
		These islands can be numbered among the last unspoiled environments on Earth, they are home to a rich diversity of plants, seabirds and marine mammals, many of which are found nowhere else in the world.
		Antipodes Island is one of the most isolated, least known and rugged of the New Zealand’s Sub Antarctic Islands.
	www.expeditiontrips.com /search/trip.asp?tripid=1826 (1281 words)

	Fungi and Slime Moulds of the Sub-Antarctic Islands
		Fungi and Slime Moulds of the Sub-Antarctic Islands
		Fungi and Slime Moulds of the Subantarctic Islands
		Although collecting on Campbell Island was intensive, our expedition spent only limited time on the larger, environmentally more diverse Auckland Islands, and the record of fungi from these islands will be especially incomplete.
	www.landcareresearch.co.nz /research/biodiversity/antarctica/html/fungi.html (410 words)

	The Auckland Islands, sub-antarctic, New Zealand. World Heritage site
		All the islands are of volcanic origin and are characterized by high precipitous cliffs with huge sea caves on the western and southern sides.
		Since the Islands were discovered in 1806 (by Adam Bristow of the whaling firm Charles Enderby and Sons) several attempts have been made to farm and cultivate the land but the poor nature of the soil and the extreme weather conditions have made permanent settlement impossible.
		The Islands are now a wildlife refuge and permission to land on the Islands is at the discretion of the New Zealand Government.
	www.ouareau.com /auckland/auckland.htm (364 words)

	New Zealand's Sub-Antarctic Islands - Auckland Islands and Campbell Island \| new zealand sub-antarctic islands auckland ...
		These islands include The Snares, the Auckland Islands, the Campbell Islands, the Bounty Islands and the Antipodes.
		If any of the islands are shown on a map in a general atlas at all it is usually as a fly speck in a very approximate position.
		Despite being in a coffee table format, it is an excellent introduction to the islands' history, geography, flora and fauna and is profusely illustrated with many beautiful and informative photographs.
	www.123go.to /nzsai/nzsai02.htm (467 words)

	Sub Antarctic Islands of New Zealand: Sub Antarctic Islands, Sub Antarctic Cruises, Sub Antarctic Expeditions
		Sub Antarctic Islands of New Zealand: Sub Antarctic Islands, Sub Antarctic Cruises, Sub Antarctic Expeditions
		The island is forested by gnarled and windswept rata, and has a plateau of scrubland and cushion bog.
		We will see and experience the unique megaherbs of this island, including the extensive fields of Bulbinella rossii, the regenerating patches of Anisotome latifolia and the red and white gentians.
	www.hikingnewzealand.com /sub-antarctic-islands.htm (2790 words)

	State of Environment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Tourist numbers at Macquarie Island were fewer than in 2000-01; numbers for both seasons did not exceed the limits for the island.
		Numbers in 2002-03 are expected to be higher with at least one tourist voyage scheduled to visit Heard Island and a circumnavigation cruise of Antarctica calling at the three Australian continental stations, Cape Denison, and at wildlife colonies in the AAT.
		2004-05 saw the highest ever level of tourism to the Antarctic Peninsula (this sector accounts for the vast majority of the 22,297 passengers that landed in the Antarctic; this total was an increase of 13% over the 2003-2004 season).
	aadc-maps.aad.gov.au /aadc/soe/display_indicator.cfm?soe_id=46 (986 words)

	Shokalskiy
		The Sub Antarctic Convergence Zone is traditionally very close to the area we are sailing through so we should expect the birdlife to reflect this as we get closer to Macquarie Island.
		Macquarie Island, Australia's prized Sub Antarctic possession, is a small but impressive sliver of land supporting one of the highest concentrations of wildlife in the southern hemisphere.
		It is a fascinating relic of the AHeroic Age@ of Antarctic exploration and we are able to inspect the interior - containing artefacts of the early explorers.
	www.expeditioncruises.com /.docs/ship_id/10/tour_id/10006/pg/302 (2688 words)

	Birding Down Under: Sub Antarctic Islands, Sub Antarctic Islands, Sub Antarctic Islands
		Your programme will advise a time for bags out and then we will be transferred to the Southland Museum to view the special Sub Antarctic display in the Museum before being transferred by coach to the Port of Bluff (27 km south of Invercargill) to board the Spirit of Enderby.
		We depart the Auckland Islands in the mid afternoon and head south west to Macquarie Island.
		Day 12 Antipodes Island is one of the most isolated, least known and rugged of the New Zealand Sub Antarctic Islands.
	www.hikingnewzealand.com /birding-down-under.htm (3743 words)

	Ross Sea - Antarctica
		It is intended to be a summary of the ornithology, geology, glaciology and geography of the subantarctic and Antarctic for the edification of high-school and university students or those "Visiting the Ice" for the first time.
		What we call the Antarctic continent is a circular pancake of ice more than 2000 miles across, centred directly over the South Pole and mainly resting on rock.
		Apart from Graham Land, also called the Antarctic Peninsula over on the other side, the rest of Antarctica is pretty boring, OK if you like flying over a thousand miles of glaring ice with perhaps a green crevasse showing up once an hour, but nothing what you would call stirring.
	www.rosssea.info (1242 words)

	The Best Pelagic Birding in the World - Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands
		Weimerskirch, H. and Jouventin, P. Population dynamics of the Wandering Albatross (Diomedea exulans) of the Crozet Islands; causes and consequences of the population decline.
		The islands lie in the northern end of the Kerguelen-Gaussberg ridge and are built up of a thick series of lava flows.
		The islands lie on the Antarctic Convergence, the meeting point of cold Antarctic water with warmer water from the South Indian Ocean.
	www.oceanwanderers.com /Amsterdam.html (596 words)

	Landforms
		The Southern Rata, Metrosideros lucida, is found throughout the West Coast of New Zealand, Stewart Island, the Snares and the Auckland Islands.
		Macquarie Island (named after Governor Macquarie of Australia), is an isolated little island only 21 miles long lying 150 miles south of Campbell and a few hundred west.
		Very numerous in the Antarctic peninsula they seem to have worked their way East, but are not seen on the Campbell or Auckland Is.
	rosssea.info /sub-antarctic_islands.html (1529 words)

	New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Criterion (iv): The New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands are remarkable for their high level of biodiversity, population densities,and for endemism in birds, plants and invertebrates.
		The New Zealand Sub-Antarctic Islands consist of five island groups (the Snares, Bounty Islands, Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands and Campbell Island) in the Southern Ocean south-east of New Zealand.
		The islands, lying between the Antarctic and Subtropical Convergences and the seas, have a high level of productivity, biodiversity, wildlife population densities and endemism among birds, plants and invertebrates.
	whc.unesco.org /sites/877.htm (191 words)

	Obituaries
		In 1943 he was commissioned in the RNVR and spent the rest of the war on a trawler in the Western Approaches, an appointment that he felt did not make best use of either his background or his experience.
		His significant contribution to the region was acknowledged by the naming of Carse Point on the east coast of George VI Sound and of Mount Carse (2,300m) in the southern part of South Georgia.
		On November 23 1935, the two airmen had left Dundee Island, off the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, in their single-engined, ski-equipped Northrop monoplane; they were bound for the Bay of Whales on the Ross Sea, where Admiral R E Byrd's abandoned station, Little America II, was situated.
	www.antarctic-circle.org /obituaries.htm (3939 words)

	The Best Pelagic Birding in the World - Subantarctic New Zealand (5)
		A handsome Red-crowned Parakeet nibbles the grass on Enderby Island.
		Auckland Island Flightless Teal are relatively common on the kelp beds and tidal pools of Enderby.
		A few Antarctic Terns were fishing offshore, whilst Auckland Island Shags went about the business of nesting, many birds tearing clumps of grass from the hillsides, their mauve eyes glowing in the afternoon sun.
	www.oceanwanderers.com /SubAntNZAUS.html (1895 words)

	Antarctica Contrasts - marine mammals and seabirds - Oct. 2004 meeting of ACS Monterey Bay (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Antarctica Contrasts: the marine mammals and seabirds of New Zealand, the Sub-Antarctic Islands and the Ross Sea
		Our speaker will compare the Antarctic and Sub-Antarctic Islands in the different regions of the "Great South" which include Enderby, Macquarie, Campbell and Snares Islands, together with the historical huts of the Ross Sea Region.
		Doug, wife Gail, and son Ted Cheeseman and staff have led 12 trips to the Antarctic, including 7 of their own charters.
	www.starrsites.com /acsmb/meetings/mtg0410.htm (217 words)

	Zegrahm Expeditions - Antarctic & Sub-Antarctic Islands (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This Antarctica cruise sails from Argentina to the spectacular Antarctic Peninsula and Elephant Island, the little-known natural wonderland of South Georgia, and finishes in the Falkland Islands.
		The island of South Georgia, famous for its association with the Shacklelton expedition, boasts dramatic scenery and profuse wildlife, its shores and iceberg-dotted bays home to the world’s greatest concentration of animals.
		During our complete circuit of the island, you’ll have almost three weeks to experience firsthand the beauty and history of our favorite place on earth.
	www.zeco.com /destinations/antarctica_region.asp (432 words)

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