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Topic: Subak

In the News (Thu 17 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

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Hugh Jackman

	The ALI Reporter
		Subak, a member of the Institute since 1985 and of the Council since 1987, was recognized for his long and outstanding service to the Institute as an institution and his many contributions to its work.
		Subak’s formal role as an Adviser on three ALI projects and his informal role as an adviser on all other projects as a member of the Council and of the Institute, Mr.
		Subak accepted the first Distinguished Service Award with characteristic modesty and warmth, noting that the award was very special for two reasons: because it was bestowed not by his peers but by his "betters," and because it was bestowed by a unique and special institution.
	www.ali.org /ali/R3102_03-johnstubak.htm (818 words)

	Article & News -- water, rice, subak, fields, supply, farmers, irrigation, control, field, Organization, ceremonies
		Water sources were tapped by the ancestors, and a complex system of sharing evolved to control the division of this water supply, repair the vital water channels and prevent theft of water or conflict amongst the members.
		Group decisions are thus made on the important issues such as propitious dates for planting and harvesting, ceremonies and offerings, the times for fertilizing and use of insecticides, the type of seed to be used, as well as the control, cleaning and maintenance of the irrigation dams and canals.
		The smaller shrines in rice fields and near water supply sources are usually the individual responsibilities of the farmers or groups of farmers in the vicinity.
	www.tunjungtours.com /articles/0301/subak.html (514 words)

	Martial Vision Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Subak in the period of Koryo and Koryo and Yi Dynasties.
		What is very important about Subak in the Yi dynasty is that there was a book published to teach the game as a martial art and that it became more popular among the general public whereas earlier it had been to a certain degree monopolized by the military in the preceding Koryo dynasty.
		However in the latter half of the Yi dynasty, the importance of Subak as a martial art began to decline due to the negligence of the royal court, which was constantly disturbed by strife between feuding political factions.
	www.martialvision.net /martial_arts/index.cfm?action=taekwondo (1354 words)

	History
		What is very important about Subak in the Chosun dynasty is that there was a book published to teach the game as a martial art and that it became more popular among the general public whereas earlier it had been to a certain degree monopolized by the military in the preceding Koryo dynasty.
		It is obvious, therefore, that Subak became an important national sport and attracted much attention from both the royal court and the general public during the Chosun dynasty.
		However, in the latter half of the Chosun dynasty, the importance of Subak as a martial art began to decline due to negligence of the royal court, which was constantly disturbed by strife between feuding political factions.
	www.tkdkorea-america.com /history.htm (1443 words)

	encyclopedia
		What is very important about Subak in the Yi dynasty is that there was a book pulished to teach the game as a martial art and that it had been to a certain degree monopolized by the military in the preceding Koryo dynasty.
		It is obvious, therefore, that Subak became an important national sport and attracted much attention from both the royal court and the general public during the Yi dynasty.
		However, in the latter half of the Yi dynasty, the importance of Subak as a martial art began to decline due to negligence of the royal court, which was constantly disturbed by strife between feuding political factions.
	www.koreataekwondo.org /english/html/ency/intro01.html (1689 words)

	Ford Foundation: Celebrating Indonesia - 153
		While they were able to amalgamate the subak at the physical level, it was more difficult to amalgamate at the social level.
		The defining characteristic of the subak is harmony.
		I conducted research on the subak under the sponsorship of the Foundation between 1983 and 1999.
	www.fordfound.org /elibrary/documents/5002/153.cfm (804 words)

	Article - Subak Museum provides a flashback of Balinese rural life
		The Subak (farmers' organisation) has been an important organisation in Bali for nearly 1,000 years, as is amply demonstrated in the Subak Mandala Mathika Museum in Sungulan Village of the Tabanan Regency - about an hour's drive from Denpasar.
		While the main function of the subak is to maintain the irrigation system for the abundant padi fields in each locality, the museum also shows the variety of ceremonies commonly conducted at various stages of the cultivation cycle.
		While the subak system is still a central part of much of traditional Balinese village life, it would be a shame if it were steam-rolled in the pursuit of modern lifestyles and the tourist dollar.
	www.indo.com /featured_article/subak.html (234 words)

	Columbia Tae Kwon Do -- Mister Hicks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		During this dynasty, tae kwon do, as subak, was practiced not only as a skill to improve health and as a sports activity, but encouraged as a martial art.
		Subak is believed to have peaked in popularity during the reign of King Uijong, between 1147 and 1170.
		During the latter half of this era, subak, as martial art, began to decline due to the negligence of the royal court, which was constantly torn by strife between feuding political factions.
	www.columbiataekwondo.com /start.asp?cf=history (3903 words)

	Bali People Information - Batukaru.info
		The objectives of the subak are to give the small agriculturist the assurance that he will not lack water, to police the dams effectively so that strangers will not divert the water supply, to settle disputes, and to attend to the communal rice festivals.
		The subak leaders open and preside over the meetings, see that the decisions and rules are carried out, impose fines and penalties, and act as treasurers of the organization.
		The offices of the subak leaders are un rewarded, except, as in the case of other societies, for certain privileges such as extra shares of water and a small percentage of the fines collected.
	www.batukaru.info /people/rice_subak1.php (530 words)

	WES SPORT TAEKWONDO (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Subak (translated as "hand that strikes") is the martial art believed to be indigenous to Korea, developed during the Koguryo dynasty.
		Evidence of subak as a Korean art is found in the royal Koguryo tombs Muyong-chong and Kakshu-chong.
		Subak may have first appeared in the Koguryo kingdom, but Shilla is accredited to its growth and spread.
	www.wesleyan.edu /wsa/wtftkd/history.htm (2967 words)

	KMAR Tae Kyon Summer Camp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		In reality, subak is the correct term for this period because the name tae kyon was not recorded until the 18th or 19th century.
		Researchers generally believe subak was first practiced in Korea in the northern regions of the Koguryo dynasty (37 B.C. The territory, extending hundreds of miles north of the Yalu River, now forms part of Chinese Manchuria.
		Some argue that only then did subak and the various weapons systems cease to be merely methods for destroying enemies and become true martial arts with philosophical value and an attitude of charity and compassion.
	www.concentric.net /~Sdseong/kmar.vid.tkc.htm (2945 words)

	DAM IMPROVEMENT PROPOSAL
		Subak Gunung Mekar Merta Sari of the village of Bunutin seeks material or financial assistance to defray the costs of building an improved structure to replace a leaking dam on the River Belong.
		Subak head Nang Pelung did not request such expert advice, but might be amenable to a few days of paid or donated attention from an experienced engineeror traditional expert if a technically complex design is decided upon.
		The additional water would allow the subak to increase its irrigated field area from 100 ha or less to as much as 175 ha, expanding into areas that have already been terraced and are in use for the production of dry-field crops.
	www.bol.ucla.edu /~schnfldr/bunutin.htm (2348 words)

	Untitled
		Subak was practiced extensively by the Korean military in what is known as the Middle Period.
		Several stories were written concerning subak matches, a precursor to modern free fighting, and the King was reputed to have enjoyed watching subak contests.
		Subak was only practiced by a few die hard students in secrecy for fear of execution as the practice of native Korean martial arts was outlawed.
	www.hvcn.org /info/oring/wis.html (1041 words)

	HyperGeertz-Text: Form & Variation Balinese Village
		Subak are organized according to the water system: all individuals owning land which is irrigated from a single water source--a single dam and canal running from dam to fields--belong to a single subak.
		Subak whose direct water sources are branches of a common larger dam and canal form larger and less tightly knit units, and finally the entire watershed of one river system forms an overall, but even looser, integrative unit.
		The subak is responsible for the maintenance of its irrigation system, a task involving almost continual labor, for the apportionment of water among members of the subak, and for the scheduling of planting.
	www.iwp.uni-linz.ac.at /lxe/sektktf/GG/GeertzTexts/Form_Variation.htm (8382 words)

	World Taekwondo Federation Handbook
		In the history of Koryo, Taekwondo which was then termed "Subak" was practised not only as a skill to improve health and as a sport activity but it was also encouraged as a martial art of considerably high value.
		What is very important about Subak in the Chosun dynasty is that there was a book published to teach the game as a martial art and that it became more popular among the general public whereas earlier it had been to a certain degree monopolised by the military in the preceding Koryo dynasty.
		At that time in Korea, "Subak", an old name of Taekwondo, has gained great popularity among the people, and therefore it is not unlikely that the envoys from Okinawa learned that game and introduced to their people.
	www.pastornet.net.au /response/articles/28.htm (3245 words)

	Northwest Herald - Online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Subak, who is planning to attend the University of Illinois or Wisconsin next fall, is exploring the possibility of becoming a "bench hitter," a reserve who practices with the Big Ten varsity team when extra players are needed.
		In the coming weeks, Subak is planning to visit both schools and talking to the coaches about her near future.
		Subak is among seven singles players and six doubles teams from the area who qualified for the three-day event.
	www.nwherald.com /print/287712973222873.php (372 words)

	Subak & the Sonbae (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Both groups adopted Subak training as one of their important learning subjects and both used the same organizational and hierarchical structure.
		Subak was popularized in Koguryo by the Sonbae and handed down to the Hwarang warrior group in Silla, as evidenced by the following;
		Subak was further popularized by the Hwarang who added more foot techniques to the art and spread its influence throughout the Korean peninsula..
	tkdtutor.com /02Taekwondo/TKDHistory/06SubakSonbae.htm (455 words)

	Human Kinetics
		During the Koryo dynasty (918-1392), tae kyon became known as subak, and the focus of martial arts changed from a fitness and recreational system to a military fighting art.
		Subak was divided into several systems and was practiced by the military as well as the general public.
		However, during the second half of the Yi dynasty, subak practice declined, until the limited knowledge was being passed on only in fragments from generation to generation in individual families.
	www.humankinetics.com /products/showexcerpt.cfm?excerpt_id=3280 (768 words)

	Hotel Bali Subak Sari Boutique Hotel subaksari
		Subak Sari affording you the opportunity to experience Bali's warm hospitality and enchanted moonlit nights in a luxurious and private setting.
		Indulge your mind, body and soul at Subak Sari Boutique Hotel with an array of relaxing and healing treatments.
		Both traditional and modern soothing techniques are gracefully combined using natural spices to give you a total relaxation and long lasting rejuvenation.
	www.subaksari.com (161 words)

	Subak & the Hawrang (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Danjee states further, that the art of Subak was eventually introduced to China as kwon bup and as a form of Jujitsu to Japan.
		Although Subak first appeared in the Koguryo kingdom, the Hwarang-do is credited with the growth and spread of the art throughout Korea.
		They further developed Subak, which until then was primarily practiced as an art form, by adding hand techniques, kicks, mental discipline, and principles to transform it into a useful combat skill.
	tkdtutor.com /02Taekwondo/TKDHistory/07SubakHwarang.htm (2510 words)

	OBGYN.net - New Study Reveals Women Willing To Pay More Than $800 Per Year to Treat or Resolve Urinary Incontinence
		Leslee L. Subak is associate professor of obstetrics, gynecology and reproductive sciences and of epidemiology at the University of California – San Francisco.
		After completing a two-year clinical research fellowship (1997), Dr. Subak was selected to be a three-year NICHD-funded Women's Reproductive Health Research Scholar for her work focused on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of medical care for female incontinence.
		Subak developed and leads a study to evaluate costs, utilities and cost-effectiveness for the NIDDK-funded Urinary Incontinence Treatment Network (UITN) and is leading economic evaluations in the NICHD-sponsored Reproductive Risks for Incontinence Study at Kaiser (RRISK) and the Diagnostic Aspects of Incontinence Study (DAISy).
	www.obgyn.net /displayarticle.asp?page=/news/AUGS__Subak_PR09162005 (775 words)

	Tradisi Subak dalam Nuansa Metropolitan - Kamis, 19 Agustus 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Sekitar 10 tahun silam, di Kota Denpasar masih tersisa 44 subak yang tersebar di tiga kecamatan di Kota Denpasar, yakni Denpasar Timur, Denpasar Barat, dan Denpasar Selatan.
		Namun, dalam 10 tahun berikutnya, di Denpasar hanya tersisa 41 subak.
		Selain karena peralihan fungsi lahan sawah menjadi lahan nonsawah, ketidakberlanjutan empat subak di Kota Denpasar itu juga diakibatkan terganggunya jaringan irigasi subak karena dampak pembangunan permukiman dan perumahan.
	www.kompas.co.id /kompas-cetak/0408/19/daerah/1213012.htm (1034 words)

	UCSF National Center of Excellence in Women's Health
		Leslee Subak is an obstetrician/gynecologist with a specialty in urogynecology and pelvic surgery at the UCSF Women's Continence Center in the UCSF/Mount Zion Medical Office Building on Sutter Street.
		Subak's practice offers an integrated and comprehensive approach to problems related to pelvic floor dysfunction.
		Dr. Subak is a participating member of the Brown and Toland Medical Group, a partnership of doctors from UCSF and California Pacific, with access to a wide variety of specialists throughout San Francisco.
	www.ucsf.edu /whrc/providers/subak.html (285 words)

	Just Karate - Encyclopedia - Subak
		Subak (or Soo Bahk do) is a martial art that became popular in Korea during the Koryo Dynasty (935-1392 AD).
		There was a subak tournement each year which was compulsory for all military personel those successful in the competition were awarded high ranking positions.
		During the Yi Dynasty (1392-1910) a book was written on Subak which elevated it from a sporting activity to a martial art.
	www.justkarate.co.uk /pedia-subak.html (128 words)

	History of Tae Kyon - S.A.N.T.F.
		Evidence supporting the contention that subak originated outside Korea is provided by Chinese records that list sho buo (Chinese pronunciation of subak) as an ancient martial art in the northern part of the country (Xu, 1989, interview).
		In reality, subak is the correct term for the martial art of this period because the name tae kyon was not recorded until the eighteenth or nineteenth century.
		Therefore, we cannot say subak was the martial art of the Hwarang; most likely it was merely one protion of their combat repertoire.
	sataekwondo.8m.com /historytkyon.htm (2392 words)

	RedOrbit NEWS \| Wet Soil, Warm Weather Foster Lyme Disease
		A high moisture index is the ideal condition for those ticks that have fed on a host (such as a mouse or chipmunk) and are rendered immobile for a while to survive, Subak explains.
		Subak also believes warm weather contributes to higher incidence of Lyme disease by allowing the white-footed mouse, which is often the host, to survive more easily.
		To add credence to her hypothesis, Subak analyzed the June moisture index in seven U.S. states for two years previous to her analysis of the incidence of Lyme disease reported in those states, and compared the two.
	www.redorbit.com /modules/news/tools.php?tool=print&id=5898 (674 words)

	Smith Taekwondo Center - History of Taekwondo
		Taek Kyon's name was changed to Subak and the focus of the art was changed during the Koryo dynasty.
		When King Uijong was on the throne from 1147 through 1170, he changed Subak from a system that promotes fitness to primarily a fighting art.
		This was the first time that Subak was intended to be taught to the general public, in previous years the knowledge was limited to the military.
	www.smithtaekwondo.com /history_of_taekwondo.htm (843 words)

	Indonesia Destination Guides > Subak - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-24)
		Subak is the Balinese traditional irrigation system, in which every banjar has its own subak organization.
		The Subak is an independent organization, not lied to the government.
		The spirit of cooperation (gotong royong) is clearly evident in the Subak.
	www.asiapacifichotel.com /destination/indonesia/1325.htm (439 words)

	The Jakarta Post - The Journal of Indonesia Today
		Take, for example, Subak Museum in Kediri village, Tabanan regency, Bali, which is dedicated to Bali's traditional irrigation system, called subak, and its meaning to the survival of the Balinese.
		Subak Museum seems to be just marking time until it is closed down for good.
		Subak Museum was established on Oct. 13, 1981, to collect any items and data related to the subak.
	www.thejakartapost.com /yesterdaydetail.asp?fileid=20040708.Q02 (674 words)

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