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	Subaltern -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A subaltern is a (The military forces of a nation) military term for a junior (A person authorized to serve in a position of authority on a vessel) officer.
		Literally meaning " (An assistant subject to the authority or control of another) subordinate", subaltern is used to describe (A military officer holding a commission) commissioned officers below the (Relative status) rank of (The naval officer in command of a military ship) captain and generally comprises the various grades of (A commissioned military officer) lieutenant.
		In the (additional info and facts about British Army) British Army the senior subaltern rank was Captain-Lieutenant, obsolete since the (additional info and facts about 18th century) 18th century.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/su/subaltern.htm (149 words)

	Subaltern - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Prior to reform of the British Army in 1871, the ranks of cornet and ensign were the junior subaltern ranks in the cavalry and infantry respectively.
		The term is used in postcolonial theory to refer to marginalized groups and the lower classes; this sense of the word was coined by Antonio Gramsci.
		The website defines 'Subaltern' in the following manner: Originally a term for subordinates in military hierarchies, the term subaltern is elaborated in the work of Antonio Gramsci to refer to groups who are outside the established structures of political representation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Subaltern (243 words)

	IALHI News Service: Reading Subaltern Studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In 1993, a Latin American Subaltern Studies group was formed in excited response to the work of the Subaltern Studies collective, and in 1994, the American Historical Review devoted a special section to the relevance of the subalternist paradigm for comparative work in other colonial societies, especially Latin America and Africa.
		Though the Subaltern Studies collective drew upon the Althusser who questioned the primacy of the subject, and the Foucault who wrote about the processes of subjectification, there was also a contradictory attempt to mark the visibility of the subaltern as a virile, resistant subject.
		However, it is by no means clear to this reviewer that the Subaltern Studies collective’s theorization of community as the space from which to conceptualize alternative forms of sociality -- howsoever problematic a concept it may be -- is identical to the Hindu nationalists’ idea of community or their critiques of secularism.
	www.ialhi.org /news/i0309_5.html (2217 words)

	[No title]
		Because her attempt at "speaking" outside normal patriarchal channels was not understood or supported, Spivak concluded that "the subaltern cannot speak." Her extremely nuanced argument, admittedly confounded by her sometimes opaque style, led some incautious readers to accuse her of phallocentric complicity, of not recognizing or even not letting the subaltern speak.
		Her point was not that the subaltern does not cry out in various ways, but that speaking is "a transaction between speaker and listener" (Landry and MacLean interview).
		She cites the work of the Subaltern Studies group as an example of how this critical work can be practiced, not to give the subaltern voice, but to clear the space to allow it to speak.
	www.english.emory.edu /Bahri/Glossary.html (1268 words)

	Subaltern Studies - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Subaltern Studies Group (SSG) or Subaltern Studies Collective are a group of South Asian scholars interested in the postcolonial and post-imperial societies of South Asia in particular and the developing world in general.
		The term "subaltern" in this context is an implied reference to an essay by Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci (1881–1937).
		In particular, they are critical of the focus of this narrative on the political consciousness of elites, who in turn inspire the masses to resistance and rebellion against the British.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Subaltern_Studies (311 words)

	Montag: "Can the Subaltern Speak . . ." (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Her essay "can the Subaltern Speak?" (which exists in several forms--I'll be examining the longest version, which appears in Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture) displays a dazzling array of tactical devices designed to ward off or pre-emptively neutralize the attacks of critics.
		The subaltern studies movement did so, however, only by suppressing the heterogeneity and non-contemporaneity of the subaltern itself, that is, by assigning it an essence and therefore falling into a metaphysical abyss from which Spivak seeks to rescue it.
		Of course the subaltern speak and write; the archives of the world are filled not only with the political tracts of their parties and organizations, but there are literary texts, newspapers, films, recordings, leaflets, songs, even the very chants that accompany spontaneous and organized protests all over the world.
	eserver.org /clogic/1-2/montag.html (1305 words)

	Jouvert 5.3 -- Tabish Khair, Subaltern Studies: Hegemony and Speech, review of Viniyak Chaturvedi, ed., Mapping ...
		For instance, 'subaltern' was largely a term employed in place of 'proletariat' by Gramsci with the express purpose of evading prison censors.
		Subaltern Studies has admirably discharged these self-imposed responsibilities, producing in the process a series of excellent studies and leading to the exegesis of texts and times overlooked by most (but by no means all) previous historians.
		For those who, by some fluke, have not yet heard of Subaltern Studies and are not willing to read all the XI published volumes (the first 10 by Oxford University Press, Delhi, and the latest by the new and exciting Delhi publishing house, Permanent Black), this anthology will provide the perfect introduction and overview.
	social.chass.ncsu.edu /jouvert/v5i3/khair.htm (1484 words)

	Subaltern Sadhus? - William Pinch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		From Soldier to Subaltern in the Nineteenth Century] [5.
		Hence the armed insurgency of gosains in the 18th and 19th centuries was ideologically inchoate and generally reactionary -- and, hence, doomed to classification as subaltern failure.
		But the Marxian-Gramscian telos, at least as it is has been theorized as "subaltern" for Indian history, does not allow for ideological or praxiological migration, a fact that emerges with clarity in the transition from colonial to nationalist political culture.
	www.virginia.edu /~soasia/symsem/kisan/papers/sadhus.html (13211 words)

	the untimely past bibliographies / subaltern studies, etc.
		The aim of the studies is to 'promote a systematic and informed discussion of subaltern themes in the field of South Asian studies, and thus help to rectify the elitist bias characteristic of much research and academic work in this particular area.
		He contends that the Malagasy example of 'subalterns'" intellectual authority over Christianity provides particularly compelling evidence of the cultural limits of colonial domination because the spread of Christianity is one of the most lasting and powerful cultural legacies of European imperialism.
		And his analysis suggest that while the 'subjects' of European empire were often politically and economically weak, their intellectual worlds and local discourse dominated colonial popular cultures and forced colonizers to speak in local idiom rather than impose and rule through foreign ones.
	www.untimelypast.org /bibsub.html (2608 words)

	The Subaltern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In The Modern Prince and The Prison Notebooks Gramsci describes the subaltern classes as those subordinated by hegemony excluded from any meaningful role in a regime of power.
		Gramsci himself has workers in mind, but the term has also been used to describe other groups who are excluded and do not have a position from which to speak--for example peasants women.
		Gramsci further notes that "the subaltern classes, by definition, are not unified and cannot unite until they are able to become a 'State'".
	www.postcolonialweb.org /poldiscourse/subaltern.html (94 words)

	"Can the Subaltern Speak?" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Spivak's essay "Can the Subaltern Speak?"--originally published in Cary Nelson and Lawrence Grossberg's Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture (1988)--perhaps best demonstrates her concern for the processes whereby postcolonial studies ironically reinscribe, co-opt, and rehearse neo-colonial imperatives of political domination, economic exploitation, and cultural erasure.
		In "Can the Subaltern Speak?", Spivak encourages but also criticizes the efforts of the subaltern studies group, a project led by Ranajit Guha that has reappropriated Gramsci's term "subaltern" (the economically dispossesed) in order to locate and re-establish a "voice" or collective locus of agency in postcolonial India.
		The academic assumption of a subaltern collectivity becomes akin to an ethnocentric extension of Western logos--a totalizing, essentialist "mythology" as Derrida might describe it--that doesn't account for the heterogeneity of the colonized body politic.
	www.postcolonialweb.org /poldiscourse/spivak/spivak2.html (212 words)

	[No title]
		'Subaltern Studies', viewed as a collective enterprise, represents the most significant achievement of South Asian 'cultural studies'; it has effectively contested what were until recently the dominant interpretations of Indian history, and more generally it has provided a framework within which to contest the dominant modes of knowledge.
		However, subaltern history has not always had an easy relationship with feminism, and we will also interrogate the place of feminism within subaltern history.
		You could look at the relation between subaltern history and what is more generally termed 'history from below'; you could consider the configurations of class in subaltern history, in relation to E.P. Thompson's work on class; or you could interrogate subaltern history by using Carlo Ginzburg's work on microhistory.
	www.sscnet.ucla.edu /history/lal/subalter.html (1361 words)

	Subaltern Studies
		The term Subaltern was taken from Gramsci’s euphemism for the proletariat in his Prison Notebooks.
		Gyan Pandy, for example, in the first issue of the journal demonstrated convincingly, in a study of the 1921-22 peasant struggle in Awadh, how Congress, far from initiating the struggle, had attempted to undermine it because the peasants were targeting Indian landlords who Congress wished to incorporate in their pan-Indian alliance against the British.
		Now the central theme of the group’s work became not the hijacking of popular struggles in the interests of an aspiring Indian bourgeoisie nor the reconstruction of subaltern consciousness, but the argument that the whole ‘nationalist’ project was fundamentally flawed.
	londonsocialisthistorians.org /newsletter/articles.pl/noframes/read/12 (924 words)

	Dictionary.com/Word of the Day: subaltern
		The letters are never those of a groveling subaltern to his superior; they are rather like advisories from one soldier to another.
		One of their officers, a subaltern, observed to me that his soldiers were infants that required constant attendance.
		Subaltern derives from Late Latin subalternus, "subordinate," from Latin sub-, "under" + Latin alternus, "alternate," from alter, "other."
	dictionary.reference.com /wordoftheday/archive/2003/01/06.html (125 words)

	Senior Subaltern - RCR Standing Orders
		The subaltern appointed unit Senior Subaltern will have status immediately following that of the junior Captain though he may not be the senior subaltern by virtue of time in rank.
		The unit Senior Subaltern has many unwritten and unofficial duties, the principal of which is to act as a link between the subalterns and the commanding officer.
		He advises subalterns on matters of dress, deportment, military etiquette and Regimental customs, and he corrects minor faults without resorting to formal action.
	regimentalrogue.tripod.com /srsub/rcr404.htm (178 words)

	Bibliografia sui Subaltern studies
		Attualmente i Subaltern studies costituiscono un influente corpo di ricerche in espansione, che ingloba, coinvolge e sfida molteplici discipline e molti nuclei vitali dell'attuale discorso accademico: tra cui i cultural studies, gli studi sul genere, l'orientalismo, i post-colinal studies, ecc.
		Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, A Literary Representation of the Subaltern: Mahasweta Devi's 'Stanadayini'
		Perusek, Darshan, "Subaltern Consciousness and the Historiography of the Indian Revolution of 1857", in Novel 25, 3 (Spring 1992), pp.
	dex1.tsd.unifi.it /juragentium/it/surveys/rol/subalt.htm (3877 words)

	Subaltern Studies - A Bibliography
		Dhanagare, D. "Subaltern consciousness and populism: two approaches in the study of social movements in India," Social Scientist (New Delhi) 16, no.11 (Nov 1988) pp.
		"Subaltern Consciousness and the Historiography of the Indian Revolution of 1857," Novel 25, 3 (Spring 1992) pp.
		Rai, A. "`Thus Spake the Subaltern...': Postcolonial Criticism and the Scene of Desire," Discourse : Berkeley journal for theoretical studies in media and culture v.19:no.2 (1997) pp.
	www.lib.virginia.edu /area-studies/SouthAsia/Ideas/subalternBib.html (1610 words)

	Rudyard Kipling - Free Online Library
		He is rescued by a Portuguese fisherman and is forced to adapt to this new world.
		A young officer, nicknamed "The Worm", is bullied by the Senior Subaltern.
		The Worm makes a bet that he will get revenge the Subaltern, and he disguises himself as a woman who claims to be the deserted wife of the Subaltern.
	kipling.thefreelibrary.com (428 words)

	Subaltern Studies Course, Syllabus Fall 1999
		The Subaltern Studies project originally emerged as a result of dissatisfaction among scholars with the ways in which traditional historiography erased histories of subordinated groups in South Asian society.
		These critiques of the Subaltern Studies parallel, though are not identical to, the sorts of questions being raised about postcolonial writing in the humanities, liberal arts and social sciences more generally.
		Evaluate the contributions, significance, and/or the problems associated with using some SPECIFIC contribution of the Subaltern Studies approach in the historiography of another region of the world (or the theoretical/empirical literature of another discipline) with which they are familiar.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~sj6/SUBSYLRV.HTML (1145 words)

	subaltern - OneLook Dictionary Search
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "subaltern" is defined.
		Subaltern : Online Plain Text English Dictionary [home, info]
		Words similar to subaltern: subordinate, inferior, junior-grade, lower, lower-ranking, lowly, petty, secondary, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=subaltern (201 words)

	Technorati Tag: subaltern (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A tag is like a subject or category.
		This page shows blog posts, photos, and links that have been tagged subaltern.
		To contribute to this page, just post to your blog and include this code.
	www.technorati.com /tag/subaltern (194 words)

	Amazon.com: Habitations of Modernity : Essays in the Wake of Subaltern Studies: Books: Dipesh Chakrabarty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Mapping Subaltern Studies and the Postcolonial by Vinayak Chaturvedi
		Chakrabarty pursues these issues in a series of closely linked essays, ranging from a history of the influential Indian series Subaltern Studies to examinations of specific cultural practices in modern India, such as the use of khadi--Gandhian style of dress--by male politicians and the politics of civic consciousness in public spaces.
		In a wide-ranging critique of postcolonial studies, Arif Dirlik suggests that, while the historiographic innovations of Subaltern Studies are welcome, they are mere applications of methods pioneered by British Marxist historians, albeit modified by "Third World sensibilities." Read the first page
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0226100391?v=glance (913 words)

	Find in a Library: Reading subaltern studies : critical history, contested meaning and the globalization of South Asia
		Reading subaltern studies : critical history, contested meaning and the globalization of South Asia
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	worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/6c35555584f8d94da19afeb4da09e526.html (61 words)

	Image and Narrative - Issue 12. The Visualization of the Subaltern in World Music.
		The Visualization of the Subaltern in World Music.
		The Visualisation of the Subaltern in World Music - Bart Vanspauwen
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	www.imageandnarrative.be (246 words)

	Reading Subaltern Studies - Compare Prices & Reviews at Smarter
		Reading Subaltern Studies - Compare Prices & Reviews at Smarter
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