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	Subarctic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The subarctic is a region in the Northern Hemisphere immediately south of the true Arctic and covering much of Canada and Siberia, the north of Scandinavia, northern Mongolia and the extreme north of Heilongjiang.
		Soils of the subarctic are generally very acidic largely because of the influence of the vegetation both in the taiga and in peaty bogs, which tends to acidify the soil, as well as the extreme ease with which leaching of nutrients takes place even in the most heavily glaciated regions.
		Subarctic regions are often characterized by taiga forest vegetation, though where winters are relatively mild, as in northern Norway, broadleaf forest may occur - though in some cases soils remain too saturated almost throughout the year to sustain any tree growth and the dominant vegetation is a peaty herbland dominated by grasses and sedges.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Subarctic (1120 words)

	Subarctic climate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The subarctic climate is a subset of the continental climate.
		Vegetation in the subarctic climate is generally sparse, as only hardy species can survive the long winters and make use of the short summers.
		Trees are mostly limited to ferns and evergreen conifers, as few broadleafed trees are able to survive the very low temperatures in winter; this type of forest is also known as taiga, a term which is sometimes applied to the climate found therein as well.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Subarctic_climate (169 words)

	Native People: Subarctic
		The Subarctic includes five major zones: a portion of the Canadian Shield; the northward extension of the Plains (including most of northern Alberta and the Mackenzie River region); the CORDILLERA (from the Rocky Mountains to the Coast Ranges); the Alaska Plateau; and the region in Alaska south of the Alaska Range.
		Subarctic natives were organized into small groups called local bands of about 25 to 50 people related to one another by ties of kinship and marriage.
		Subarctic peoples believed that there were supernatural powers, or spirits, which made it possible for them to live.
	thecanadianencyclopedia.com /PrinterFriendly.cfm?Params=J1ARTJ0009072 (2371 words)

	subArctic User Interface Toolkit Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		SubArctic is a new Java(tm)-based user interface toolkit under development by Scott Hudson and Ian Smith at the Graphics, Visualization, and Usability Center at Georgia Institute of Technology.
		SubArctic is based on 10 years of toolkit research and is designed to offer the advanced interface techniques needed to go beyond static interfaces and simple collections of widgets.
		SubArctic is highly extensible and supports a number of sophisticated effects not available in other toolkits (and provides the basic infrastructure to build much more).
	www-static.cc.gatech.edu /gvu/ui/sub_arctic (729 words)

	Subarctic Climate
		The subarctic climate is only found in the Northern Hemisphere because there is no large landmass at the same latitude in the Southern Hemisphere.
		During the summer it is dominated by the Westerlies and cyclonic activity, during the winter it is the Polar High and Easterlies.
		The subarctic climate is noted for its long cold winters, no wonder given that it is found in the source region for continental polar air masses.
	www.uwsp.edu /geo/faculty/ritter/geog101/textbook/climate_systems/subarctic.html (401 words)

	Thawing subarctic permafrost increases greenhouse gas emissions
		WASHINGTON - The permafrost in the bogs of subarctic Sweden is undergoing dramatic changes.
		The researchers say their results are unique, as there are very few places in the circumpolar North where comparison of observations over a period of decades is possible.
		If what is seen in subarctic Sweden is representative of the circumpolar North, this could mean an acceleration in the rate of predicted climate warming, they say.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-02/agu-tsp022404.php (520 words)

	subArctic User's Manual (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		SubArctic -- the subset of the Advanced Reusable Constraint-oriented Toolkit for Interface Construction -- is a new Java(tm)-based UI toolkit being developed in the Graphics, Visualization, and Usability Center at Georgia Tech by Scott Hudson and Ian Smith.
		SubArctic provides a number of advanced features designed to make creation of new interactors easy enough that you will want to do this for many of the interfaces you build.
		SubArctic interfaces are built from a series of objects called interactors (these are what are sometimes called widgets).
	www.cc.gatech.edu /gvu/ui/sub_arctic/sub_arctic/doc/users_manual.html (15861 words)

	North American Indians - Subarctic Culture Area
		For many of the eastern Subarctic people, the fur trade was merely an extension of a seasonal round of food-gathering, a routine to which the European fur traders adapted and accepted.
		In the western Subarctic the fur trade had little impact on the Native people's lifeways until late 19th century, when rapid-fire repeating rifles and commerical fishnets were introduced.
		Given the geographic location of the various Subarctic peoples, andthe fact that the area was (andstill is) subject to external influences from all sides, a type culture (one representative of the area in its pre-European-contact form) is elicited only with difficulty.
	www.cabrillo.edu /~crsmith/anth7_subarctic.html (3330 words)

	Subarctic Subregion
		The Subarctic Subregion occurs on the tops of the Birch Mountains, the Caribou Mountains, and the Cameron Hills.
		Palsas and peat plateaus occur in these peatland areas and are landforms characteristic of subarctic conditions.
		Morainal and organic deposits occur on the plateaus, and morainal blankets occur over rolling residuum on the flanks of the hills.
	www.abheritage.ca /abnature/boreal/subarctic.htm (98 words)

	Subarctic Climate
		The climate of the Subarctic Subregion is continental and cold-temperate with moist, short, cool summers and long, cold winters.
		Total annual precipitation is generally around 400-450 millimetres with most falling in the summer.
		The frost-free period in the Subarctic Subregion is less than 45 days per year.
	www.abheritage.ca /abnature/boreal/subarcticclimate.htm (88 words)

	North American Archaeology: Early Arctic and Subarctic
		A. The Arctic, the Western Subarctic, and the Eastern Subarctic are to be considered as significant cultural subareas of North America.
		Note that the environmental history of the Eastern Subarctic is tied to the patterns of ice recession that have occurred since the Pleistocene —; the period of the largest of the ice sheets in North America!
		The Subarctic: early cultural traditions for the east versus the west: 29.
	www.indiana.edu /~arch/saa/matrix/naa/naa_web/mod06.html (1407 words)

	Subarctic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Subarctic Aboriginals made clothing from moose, beaver, caribou and rabbit furs.
		The 2 main languages of the Subarctic were Athapascan and Algonquian.
		The Subarctic Aboriginals' main foods were moose and fish.
	www.wsd1.org /riverview/students/309/suba.htm (1539 words)

	Settlements in North America (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		After the last block of ice was laid in the center, the person inside cut a hole in the bottom of the shelter about two feet from the ground.
		The second type of temporary shelter the Native American cultures of the arctic and subarctic lived in was the sod dwelling.
		In many of the societies of the subarctic, an egalitarian relationship was adopted out of fear of individual supremacy.
	www.mnsu.edu /emuseum/prehistory/settlements/regions/subarctic_and_arctic.html (517 words)

	The Subarctic Culture
		The Subarctic culture area spans the entire North American continent; it covers most of Canada as well as much of Alaska’s interior.
		The widely spaced and few original inhabitants of the Subarctic stubbornly dealt with long, tough winters, as well as short summers alive with big mosquitoes and fl flies.
		Across the Subarctic regions, apparel was similar, consisting of the skins of moose, caribou, rabbits and other animals.
	www.u-s-history.com /pages/h982.html (704 words)

	Cruikshank: Telling about Culture: Changing Traditions in Subarctic Anthropology
		Organizers of a symposium on subarctic research at the 1986 meetings of the American Anthropological Association, for example, expressed concern about a diminishing contribution of Arctic and subarctic ethnography to cultural anthropology in recent years, suggesting that northern studies have been consigned to "oblivion" (Balikci and Myers 1987).
		The history of ethnographic research in the Arctic and subarctic seems always to have reflected an interplay between detailed ethnographic documentation and general questions posed far from the North.
		Much of the research now ongoing in the western subarctic seems consistent with a growing interest in communication and language in anthropology--in the ways individuals mobilize symbolic resources to talk about their experience.
	www.yukoncollege.yk.ca /~agraham/cruik200.htm (3494 words)

	North American Archaeology: Early Arctic and Subarctic
		A. The Arctic, the Western Subarctic, and the Eastern Subarctic are to be considered as significant cultural sub-areas of North America.
		The Western Subarctic has been distinguished from the Eastern Subarctic on the basis of cultural-- in particular, linguistic distinctions.
		Note that the environmental history of the Eastern Subarctic is tied to the patterns of ice recession that has occurred since the Pleistocene -- the period of the largest of the ice sheets in North America!
	www.indiana.edu /~swasey/matrix/naa/naa_web/mod06.html (1465 words)

	Ecology: Impacts Of Enhanced Ultraviolet-B Radiation On Mosses In A Subarctic Heath Ecosystem
		They are the dominating species in bryophyte patches within patches of dwarf shrubs in a subarctic birch-heath ecosystem.
		The experiment has been conducted in a subarctic heath close to the Abisko Scientific Research Station (68.35 [degrees] N, 18.82 [degrees] E; 360 m above sea level) in northern Swedish Lapland.
		In boreal and subarctic regions, H. splendens forms loose, patchy carpets on the forest floor.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m2120/is_6_80/ai_56022611 (1381 words)

	subArctic Demos (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		These are all interfaces which are easy to do with subArctic, but which would be much more difficult in other available toolkits.
		This container will support shadow drag of ANY subArctic interactors, even ones that were written before or after the shadow drag container.
		The container does not need to know anything special about the interactor, and the interactor does not need to know it is in a shadow drag container.
	www.cc.gatech.edu /gvu/ui/sub_arctic/sub_arctic/doc/demos.html (947 words)

	subArctic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		SubArctic can also be used alone without AWT components other than an enclosing Applet, Canvas, Frame object.
		SubArctic supports sophisticated drawing effects, which can be, applied to all UI elements.
		It provides a full-functioned interactor library with the customary buttons, check-boxes, sliders etc. as well as more sophisticated interface composition techniques supporting dragging, snapping, lenses, and animation, all of which can be mixed with and added to other techniques It also supports animation support based on a high level path model.
	www.cse.iitk.ac.in /research/mtech1997/9711126/node18.html (237 words)

	Intermediate water circulation in the North Pacific subarctic and northern subtropical regions
		The intermediate water circulation in the North Pacific subarctic and northern subtropical regions is investigated through inverse analysis, focusing on the volume and heat transports from the subtropical to the subarctic regions.
		Through the examination of heat balance of the intermediate layer in the subarctic region, it is suggested quantitatively that the intermediate heat transport from the south plays an essential role in maintaining the heat of the mesothermal waters in the subarctic region.
		Citation: Ueno, H., and I. Yasuda (2003), Intermediate water circulation in the North Pacific subarctic and northern subtropical regions, J.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2003/2002JC001372.shtml (348 words)

	ARS Project: Arctic, Subarctic, and Alpine Plant Genetic Resources Conservation, Research, and Information Management ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The goals of this project are to conserve, evaluate, and distribute a broad spectrum of genetic resources of plants adapted to short cool seasons and long photoperiod, to generate and manage associated information, and to provide a scientific base for its use in research and crop improvement.
		Agricultural development in arctic, subarctic, and alpine regions is dependent on the availability of improved plant cultivars adapted to the limiting growing conditions.
		Objectives include conserve, evaluate, and distribute arctic, subarctic and alpine-adapted plant germplasm and associated information to scientists¿ worldwide, characterize diseases and their etiological agents on selected crop and native plant species from arctic, subarctic, and alpine ecosystems, and identify key insect pests on selected crop and native plants.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/projects/projects.htm?ACCN_NO=410005 (533 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Atmospheric Co2 Enrichment of Potato in the Subarctic: Root Distribution and Soil Biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Citation: Prior, S.A., Runion, G.B., Rogers Jr, H.H., Conn, J.S., Cochran, V.L. Atmospheric Co2 Enrichment of Potato in the Subarctic: Root Distribution and Soil Biology.
		Our goal was to determine how elevated CO2 would affect potato roots and organisms that live in the soil under the subarctic environment of Fairbanks, Alaska.
		Soil cores to a depth of 60 cm were taken at 0, 19, and 38 cm perpendicular to row center; root variables were ascertained at four 15 cm depth increments.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=175917 (351 words)

	Search Results for subarctic - Encyclopædia Britannica
		The population of the American subarctic was always relatively small, given the vast area from Alaska to Labrador.
		Many distinctive surface manifestations of permafrost exist in the Arctic and subarctic, including such geomorphic features as polygonal ground, thermokarst phenomena, and pingos.
		In traditional economy and social organization the people fall into two groups: the northern Eskimo living on or next to winter-frozen coastlines and the Pacific Eskimo and Aleuts of the open-water,...
	www.britannica.com /search?query=subarctic&submit=Find&source=MWTAB (336 words)

	North American Indian Bibliography: Subarctic
		The book explains the ingenuity of these shelters and their biodegradability, with a brief mention of the types of housing in use today and the problems of pollution.
		Illustrated with maps, drawings, and large colorful photographs, it covers such topics as the history, rituals and religions, traditional stories, hunting and fishing, family life, travel, the role of women, music and poetry and art.
		The title of this volume is a bit misleading since it provides information not only on igloos but also on the arctic environment, traditional Eskimo clothing, food, games, transportation, family, and community life.
	www.nmnh.si.edu /anthro/outreach/Indbibl/bibsubar.html (2672 words)

	American subarctic peoples -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		indigenous inhabitants of the subarctic region of Alaska and Canada, with the exception of the Eskimo, or Inuit.
		The subarctic, or the physiographic zone called the taiga, is a land of coniferous forest abundant with sphagnum moss and traversed by many waterways.
		those languages that are indigenous to the United States and subarctic Canada and that are spoken north of the Mexican border.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9117304 (922 words)

	Arctic Subarctic
		ASOF is a subprogram of inter-SEARCH (International Study of Environmental Arctic Change) and an endorsed project of CLIVAR (Climate Variability and Predictability Study).
		ASOF is an initiative to monitor the long-term the exchange of heat between the Arctic Ocean and adjacent subarctic seas.
		Please direct correspondence concerning ASOF to Project Officer Boscolo Roberta or to Bob Dickson, ASOF Chairman.
	psc.apl.washington.edu /search/ASOF.html (59 words)

	Tribes and Region of Canada (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		These native tribes have been living in the Subarctic for thousands of years.
		The Subarctic consists of beautiful northern forests to the freezing arctic.
		Depending on which area the tribe has settled in will reflect their way of life.
	www.saskschools.ca /~lumsdenel/firstnations/subtribes.htm (121 words)

	SubArctic Toolkit (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A new release of the subArctic User Interface Toolkit is being made available for use in HCI-631.
		This is not a full release because the user's manual and full web site have not been updated.
		However, changes for this release are almost entirely additions, so it should not be too out of date.
	www.cs.cmu.edu /afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/hudson-2/www/teaching/05-631-f99/05-631-f98/sub_arctic (336 words)

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