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	Anatomy Of A Telescope - Subaru Telescope Project on Mauna Kea
		Subaru Telescope has graciously allowed us a fantastic opportunity to document their facilities and work, as well as share some images that have been taken with their telescope.
		Subaru Telescope utilizes an Azimuth drive (as opposed to an Equatorial Drive) and uses computers to compensate for rotation of the Earth and the orbits of planets.
		Subaru, like many of the telescopes, is a part of RCUH, the Research Corporation of the University of Hawai'i - who helps the various nations and groups involved in observatories at the summit to coordinate, hire personnel and generally maintain and plan the summit facilities and grounds.
	www.instanthawaii.com /cgi-bin/hawaii?Astronomy.anatomy (4654 words)

	SPACE.com -- Watching the Birth of a Baby Star
		The Hubble Space Telescope previously captured images of the object in the visible wavelengths, but the Subaru gazer is the first to show the protostar's features in the infrared.
		Perched at the summit of the 14,000-foot Mauna Kea peak on the big island of Hawaii, the Subaru Telescope is operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.
		The Subaru telescope has a complicated adaptive optics system that will compensate for much of the distortion that Earth's turbulent atmosphere creates in an image, but that system is not installed yet, according to the telescope's director, Noiro Kaifu.
	www.space.com /science/astronomy/subaru_protostar.html (884 words)

	Astromart News - Subaru Discovers the Most Distant Galaxy to Date
		Astronomers using the Subaru telescope in Hawaii have looked 60 million years further back in time than any other astronomers, to find the most distant known galaxy in the universe.
		The Subaru telescope is particularly well suited for the search of the most distant galaxies.
		Of all the 8- to 10-meter-class telescopes in the world, it is the only one with the ability to mount a camera at prime focus.
	www.astromart.com /news/news.asp?news_id=575 (1052 words)

	ESA - Space Science - Science News Release (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Subaru Telescope has stared at this field for over two hundred hours, in four different colours, revealing details which are hundred million times fainter than what can be seen with the naked eye.
		Besides the XMM-Newton and Subaru Telescope images, the SXDS archive already includes radio maps that further extend the range of wavelengths covered by the survey and provide information on the powerful quasars, the centres of distant galaxies which are releasing large amounts of energy.
		Subaru is an optical-infrared telescope at the 4200m summit of Mauna Kea on the island of Hawaii operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.
	www.esa.int /esaSC/Pr_9_2004_s_en.html (1356 words)

	Space Today Online - Spacefaring Japan - Deep Space Astronomy
		The optical infra-red telescope, with its enormous, delicate 8.3-meter mirror, is positioned at the 13,796 ft. summit of the giant volcano Mauna Kea in Hawaii.
		Subaru is the Japanese word for the Pleiades star system, known to astronomers as the Seven Sisters.
		The Subaru Telescope observed an object known as PG1115+080 in which a distant quasar, some ten billion lightyears away from Earth, is behind a much closer galaxy some three billion lightyears away from Earth.
	www.spacetoday.org /Japan/Japan/Astronomy.html (2376 words)

	Canon Technology -Prime Focus Corrector Lens for the Subaru Telescope-
		Among these world-class telescopes is the Subaru, a large optical-infrared reflecting telescope operated by the National Astronomy Observatory of Japan (NAOJ).
		Subaru Telescope on the Summit of Mauna Kea
		The world-leading Subaru large optical infrared telescope was installed at the summit of Mt. Mauna Kea on Hawaii Island by the National Astronomical Observatory of Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in Japan.
	www.canon.com /technology/canon_tech/explanation/subaru.html (522 words)

	Star Party on Hawaii's Big Island - Media Room (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Subaru Telescope is one of 13 world-class telescopes, representing nine countries and 30 years of astronomy research, that make up Mauna Kea’s science reserve.
		Unlike the limited telescopes of backyard astronomers, the Subaru Telescope features a primary mirror that is 8.3 meters in diameter, the largest single-piece mirror in the world.
		Scuba divers are advised to schedule dives on a day separate from the day of their Subaru Telescope tour to avoid the extreme change in atmospheric pressure.
	www.visit.hawaii.org /media/bigisland/star_party.htm (535 words)

	The Telescope \| Subaru Telescope, NAOJ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Subaru telescope is an optical-infrared telescope at the 4,200m (13,460ft.) summit of Mauna Kea on the island of Hawaii.
		The telescope represents a new generation in telescope design not only because of the size of its primary mirror with an effective aperture of 8.2 meters, but also because of the various revolutionary technologies used to achieve outstanding performance.
		Subaru's internationally growing reputation for exellent image quality is a testimony to the success of these innovative technologies.
	www.naoj.org /Introduction/outline.html (245 words)

	SPIE Proceedings Vol. 2199
		The telescope structure accommodates installation of a vacuum bell jar for aluminizing the primary mirrors in-situ on the telescope.
		The existing airborne infrared telescope, the Kuiper Airborne Observatory (KAO), is a 0.91-m-aperture telescope flown on a Lockheed C-141 aircraft.
		Abstract: The structure of the Spectroscopic Survey Telescope is described, as developed in the author's office for the SST Project, McDonald Observatory, University of Texas at Austin, in the period November 1992 through March 1993.
	www.spie.org /web/abstracts/2100/2199.html (4050 words)

	Subaru Telescope
		The Subaru primary mirror, however, is the largest and appears to have the smallest surface error among these 8m mirrors.
		Subaru Telescope, together with other 8m class telescopes and the two 10 m Keck telescopes with segmented mirrors, will contribute much to enhance our understanding on the structure and evolution of the Universe.
		NAOJ established the Subaru Telescope Hawaii Facility in Hilo, Hawaii in April 1997 to support the construction and operation of this telescope.
	www.xs4all.nl /~carlkop/subaru.html (887 words)

	Hawaii Telescopes Catch Most Distant Explosion
		Telescopes around the world rushed to catch a glimpse of the fading explosion, including the Subaru telescope and NASAâs Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF) on Mauna Kea, and the MAGNUM telescope on Haleakala.
		The Subaru telescope, Japanâs largest optical-infrared telescope, is operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ).
		The 3.5-meter Infrared Telescope Facility is operated for NASA by the UH Institute for Astronomy.
	universe.nasa.gov /press/2005/050912d.html (676 words)

	HISP: Subaru Telescope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Subaru Telescope operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) with the support of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology.
		Subaru is an 8.2-meter optical-infrared telescope operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) with the support of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology.
		Subaru is a new-generation telescope, not only because of the size of its mirror with an effective aperture of 8.2 meters, but also because of the various new technologies used to achieve its outstanding observational performance.
	www.kohalacenter.org /hisp/as_subaru.shtml (157 words)

	Telescopes big and small: NeoDinian's Eye on the Sky!
		The Subaru is the largest single-mirror telescope in the world with a mirror size of 8.2 meters.
		Once the telescope was in space, the telescope did not have the earth's gravity to "flex" the mirror.
		Yet another space-bound telescope is stationed between the earth and the sun, and whose sole purpose is to study the Sun.
	www.neodinian.com /astronomy/scopes.php (960 words)

	SOFIA Telescope
		Before the light reaches the telescope’s front end, however, it is intercepted by a small secondary mirror (about.4 meters across), which sends the light back down toward the center of the main mirror.
		SOFIA’s telescope is usually referred to as a 2.5-meter meter telescope, rather than 2.7 meters, because the optical design requires that only about 90% of the mirror’s reflecting surface (called the "effective aperture") can be used at any one time.
		Although SOFIA’s telescope is by far the largest ever to be placed in an aircraft, compared to normal ground-based research observatories it is only medium-sized (the world’s largest single-mirror telescope, the Subaru, is 8.2 meters across).
	www.sofia.usra.edu /Sofia/telescope/sofia_tele.html (377 words)

	Subaru Telescope is a marvel to see - The Honolulu Advertiser - Hawaii's Newspaper
		MAUNA KEA SUMMIT, Hawai'i —; The Subaru Telescope, perched atop the world's highest island mountain, is one of science's most astonishing achievements.
		Subaru offers 30-minute public tours of the facility on weekdays (see www.subarutelescope.org).
		The optical-infrared telescope is operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan and the University of Hawai'i.
	the.honoluluadvertiser.com /article/2005/Jun/12/ln/ln20p.html (538 words)

	APOD: February 1, 1999 - The Subaru Telescope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		class of optical telescopes using a mirror with a diameter greater than 8 meters.
		largest single-piece optical telescope mirror yet made, and is so thin that its precise shape can be monitored and adjusted.
		Subaru will be owned and operated by Japan but located at the top of Hawaii's Mauna Kea, a dormant volcano famous for housing several of the world's leading telescopes.
	antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov /apod/ap990201.html (120 words)

	SPACE.com -- Japanese Telescope Grabs Gobs of Galactic Light
		The Subaru Deep Field features blue objects that are likely small young galaxies about 3billion light years away from the Earth and faint red objects that arethought to be fairly old galaxies about 7 billion light years away.
		A Japanese telescope has photographed a slice of the universe that accounts for most of the region's near-infrared galactic light and bests Hubble Space Telescope images of deep space for that wavelength.
		Although the Subaru telescope can account for nearly all the light emitted by galaxies in the slice of the universe where it focuses, there must be another source of light in the universe beyond galaxies.
	www.space.com /scienceastronomy/astronomy/subaru_deep_010524.html (541 words)

	05.26.2005 - Naked carbon/oxygen stars linked to gamma-ray bursts
		A team of astronomers from Italy, Japan, Germany and the United States, including the University of California, Berkeley, conclude from observations with the Keck and Subaru telescopes in Hawaii that naked carbon/oxygen stars that flatten as they collapse into a fl hole are good candidates for the source of gamma-ray bursts.
		This image of the Type Ic supernova in the spiral galaxy called IC 1065 was taken by the Subaru Telescope in Hawaii.
		Subaru is operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, while the Keck Observatory is operated by the California Association for Research in Astronomy, whose board of directors includes representatives from the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) and UC.
	www.berkeley.edu /news/media/releases/2005/05/26_subarukeck.shtml (1533 words)

	Honolulu Star-Bulletin Local News
		In comparison, the Gemini telescope under construction on the mountain will have a mirror 27.1 feet across, and the two Keck telescopes have mirrors made of a mosaic of pieces totaling 33 feet across.
		Since heat is the enemy of infrared studies, and people generate heat, Subaru uses robots as much as possible to work on the telescope and keeps people away from it, said Subaru astronomer Ian Shelton.
		While other telescopes of about 27 feet are under construction in Chile, that is the current limit in size for a single piece of glass because mirror makers don't have larger facilities, Sekiguchi said.
	starbulletin.com /1999/01/28/news/story3.html (656 words)

	Physics Today June 2002
		The News Notes item reporting that construction of Gemini South telescope had been completed (Physics Today, January 2002, page 26) states that Gemini North and South are "the only telescopes in the 8-meter class that are public, meaning that any astronomer in the seven partner countries.
		The four telescopes that make up the Very Large Telescope operated by the European Southern Observatory will be the only telescopes in the 8-meter class that are public in the sense that any astronomer in the member nations of ESO can apply to use them.
		Subaru Telescope, operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, is the only telescope in the 8-meter class that is public in the sense that any astronomer in the world can apply to use it.
	www.physicstoday.org /vol-55/iss-6/p10b.html (298 words)

	Press Release - WINDS MEASURED ON SATURN'S MOON TITAN TO HELP ROBOT LANDER - June 29, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		On top the windswept summit of a Hawaiian volcano, a NASA instrument attached to the Japanese Subaru telescope measured distant winds raging on a strange world -- Titan, the giant moon of Saturn -- to help the robotic Huygens probe as it descends through Titan's murky atmosphere next January.
		Subaru telescope brings to HIPWAC the light gathering power of a modern large aperture telescope.
		Subaru’s 8.2-meter (27- foot) diameter mirror is the largest single-piece mirror in the world that is currently in regular operation.
	www.gsfc.nasa.gov /news-release/releases/2004/04-028.htm (788 words)

	The Subaru Telescope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The Subaru telescope is the biggest telescope on Earth (not the Hubble because it's in space).
		The telescope uses a special technology designed to prevent its 22-ton mirrors from sagging when it's changing to a different angle because it's so heavy.
		Even though they are testing it, the Subaru telescope will be finished somewhere in March 2000.
	library.thinkquest.org /6073/resources/srpsub.html (281 words)

	NASA - Top Story - Winds Measured on Titan to Help Robot Probe
		Subaru is an optical-infrared telescope at the 4,200-meter (13,780-foot) summit of Mauna Kea on the island of Hawaii operated by the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.
		Subaru has one of the world's largest single piece primary mirrors with an effective aperture of 8.2 meters (almost 27 feet), and uses various cutting-edge technologies to achieve superb image quality.
		This is a photo of the HIPWAC instrument on its interface table at the Subaru telescope.
	www.nasa.gov /centers/goddard/news/topstory/2004/0615hipwac.html (1206 words)

	Subaru Witnesses Galactic Cannibalism in Action (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Subaru telescope has witnessed a large galaxy in the act of devouring a small companion galaxy in a new image obtained by Yoshiaki Taniguchi (Tohoku University), Shunji Sasaki (Tohoku University), Nicolas Scoville (California Institute of Technology) and colleagues.
		The destruction of dwarf galaxies is difficult to observe because dwarf galaxies are inherently faint and their light becomes increasingly diffuse as stars get pulled away by a larger galaxy.
		Subaru telescope's ability to gather large amounts of light and focus it into a superbly sharp image was essential for this new discovery.
	www.astr.tohoku.ac.jp /~sasaki/thresh-E.html (617 words)

	About Canon \| History of Canon / 1999
		For these reasons, some of the world's largest telescopes are being constructed here by various nations to serve as astronomical observatories.
		In 1999, the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan's Ministry of Education constructed the SUBARU, the newest large-scale optical infrared telescope to be built on the mountain.
		The SUBARU's most important features are its wide perspective, gained through having the world's sole main focal point, and its high resolution.
	www.canon.com /about/history/episode11b.html (389 words)

	Chapter 4: Light and Telescopes
		These telescopes study the afterglow of the burst produced by the cooling ashes that remain from the original explosion.
		The telescope was launched August 25, 2003, from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Fla. The Spitzer Space Telescope uses state-of-the-art infrared detectors to pierce the dense clouds of gas and dust that enshroud many celestial objects, including distant galaxies; clusters of stars in formation; and planet forming discs surrounding stars.
		With such a telescope, astrophysicists will be able to study the earliest galaxies and the details of their formation as well as pinpoint the processes that lead to young planetary systems around nearby stars.
	www.williams.edu /Astronomy/jay/chapter4_etu6.html (2276 words)

	NSO: Astronomy: The Subaru Telescope
		Rather than the normal dome shape, the Subaru enclosure is cylindrical and rotates as one with the telescope.
		The most significant feature of Subaru is the relative thinness of its 23 cm thick primary mirror.
		As such they are normally very dim, so in order to collect enough light to make this picture, the telescope needed to point at the same patch of sky for many hours.
	www.schoolsobservatory.org.uk /astro/textb/tele/world/subaru.htm (430 words)

	Virtual Tour of Mauna Kea (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Our sister telescope, also operated by the Joint Astronomy Centre, is the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope, a 15-m antenna designed to operate at very high frequencies (wavelengths shorter than 1mm).
		The tall cylinder encloses and protects the telescope; the curved surface at the front is a Gore-Tex screen which prevents sunlight and wind from impinging on the antenna, but which is transparent to radio waves.
		The biggest optical/infrared telescopes in the world are both on Mauna Kea, and belong to the W. Keck Observatory, operated by the California Association for Research in Astronomy in Waimea.
	www.aao.gov.au /local/www/sdr/maunakea/tour.html (2634 words)

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