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Topic: Subcategorization frame

	Encyclopedia: Subcategorization frame
		In syntactic linguistic theory, the subcategorization frame of a word is the number and types of syntactic arguments that it co-occurs with (i.e.
		Subcategorization frames are specifications of the number and types of arguments of a word, and they are believed to be listed as lexical information (that is, they are thought of as part of a speaker's knowledge of the word in the vocabulary of the language).
		Subcategorization frames are essental parts of Carl Pollard and Ivan Sag's Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar and Joan Bresnan's lexical functional grammar.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Subcategorization-frame (743 words)

	Prepositional-based Subcategorization Frames in Spanish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Advanced subcategorization frame (ASF) is expected to reflect relation between syntactic structure and semantic valences of the verb.
		Such form of subcategorization information permits to include some related semantic knowledge: the meaning of the headword and its valences, their animity if necessary, etc. An ASF also considers the description of subject that, for example, COMLEX does not consider in the constituent structure unless the subject has to be morphosyntactically constrained.
		Subcategorization frames and government patterns describe subcategorization information from the point of view of different linguistics traditions: constituents and dependencies respectively.
	www.cic.ipn.mx /~gelbukh/REDII/REDII-99/Publications/VextalSof.htm (4871 words)

	Linguistics 150, Week 2
		At the point of lexical insertion, a verb's subcategorization frame is checked against the syntactic environment that the verb is being inserted into.
		Although subcategorization frames solve the problem posed by the sentences in (7), phrase structure rules, along with subcategorization frames, were eventually discarded for two reasons.
		First, the architecture of a grammar that is based on rules and subcategoriation frames requires the information in each subcategorization frame to duplicate information in some phrase structure rule.
	www.ling.upenn.edu /courses/Spring_1998/ling150/notes2.html (2888 words)

	Linguistics 550, Syntax I, Chapter 2
		Although subcategorization frames solve the problem posed by sentences like those in (10), phrase structure rules, along with subcategorization frames, were eventually given up for two reasons.
		Second, the architecture of a grammar that is based on phrase structure rules and subcategorization frames requires the information in each subcategorization frame to duplicate information in some phrase structure rule.
		In the projection-based approach, the notational counterpart to multiple subcategorization frames is to associate a single lexical item with more than one treelet, as shown in (18).
	www.ling.upenn.edu /courses/Fall_1999/ling550/ch2.html (4276 words)

	The Swedish PAROLE Lexicon
		Those nouns that lexically determine their subcategorization patterns are given a more itemized description code, specifying obligatory or optional occurence of complements, their function, realization and preferences on selectional restrictions.
		The main division line among the types of adjectival subcategorization frames has been drawn between those that can function as heads in predicative positions and those that function as modifiers in nominal phrases.
		The adjectives functioning as modifiers share the subcategorization frame encoded as DAN, in which the modifying adjective is put in the left position with respect to the head noun.
	www.ub.es /gilcub/SIMPLE/reports/parole/parole_swedish.html (2049 words)

	Architecture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		More importantly, this architecture reflects the intuition that verb subcategorization is mainly determined by semantic properties of verbs (represented by the ten microfeatures) and that the child's learning process is heavily biased against using idiosyncracies for selecting subcategorization frames.
		The bottleneck architecture thus implements the insight from [Pinker, 1989] that the selection of subcategorization frames is largely dependent on semantic properties and only moderately influenced by idiosyncracies.
		The rationale for the training regime is that each occurrence of a verb with a subcategorization frame is a learning experience for the child.
	www.sunsite.org.uk /sites/parcftp.xerox.com/pub/qca/schuetze/gatech94/node3.html (748 words)

	Lexical Redistribution Rules (LRRs)
		For example, most transitive verbs have a frame for active(a subject and an object) and another frame for passive, where the object in the former frame becomes the subject in the latter.
		An LRR, denoted as passive LRR, is built to produce the passive subcategorization frame from the active one.
		LRRs, on the other hand, produce different results depending on the order they are applied in, and are allowed to be non-additive, i.e., to remove information from the subcategorization frame they are being applied to, as in the procedure of passive from active.
	www.cis.upenn.edu /~xtag/tech-report/node250.html (233 words)

	Linguistics 550, Syntax I, Notes 2
		Although subcategorization frames solve the problem posed by sentences like those in (9), phrase structure rules, along with subcategorization frames, were eventually discarded for two reasons.
		First, the architecture of a grammar that is based on phrase structure rules and subcategorization frames requires the information in each subcategorization frame to duplicate information in some phrase structure rule.
		In the phrase structure approach to generating syntactic structure, this fact is represented by associating multiple subcategorization frames with a single lexical item; see (10e).
	www.ling.upenn.edu /courses/Fall_1998/ling550/notes2.html (3167 words)

	SILEWP 1997-006 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Verbal subcategorization requirements are implemented using a linked list within the subcat feature, as shown in section 2.2.2.
		This structure allows the subcategorization requirements to be represented in the form of a linked list (introduced by Shieber 1986:29), as discussed in the next section.
		Subcategorized complements are still distinguished from adjuncts in the PC-PATR implementation, because the adjuncts are adjoined to VP and must not be subcategorized for.
	www.sil.org /silewp/1997/006/SILEWP1997-006.html (8166 words)

	Korhonen, A., Krymolowski, Y., Marx, Z., Clustering Polysemic Subcategorization Frame Distributions Semantically. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Korhonen, A., Krymolowski, Y., Marx, Z., Clustering Polysemic Subcategorization Frame Distributions Semantically.
		Previous research has demonstrated the utility of clustering in inducing semantic verb classes from undisambiguated corpus data.
		We describe a new approach which involves clustering subcategorization frame (SCF) distributions using the Information Bottleneck and nearest neighbour methods.
	www.ltg.ed.ac.uk /~ykrymolo/papers/clus-poly-scf.abs.html (105 words)

	Subcategorization Frames
		Elementary trees for non-auxiliary verbs are used to represent the linguistic notion of subcategorization frames.
		The anchor of the elementary tree subcategorizes for the other elements that appear in the tree, forming a clausal or sentential structure.
		This means that buy also selects the double NP object subcategorization frame, or tree family, with its own set of transformationally related sentence structures.
	www.cis.upenn.edu /~xtag/release-8.31.98-html/node15.html (186 words)

	Reference Card of Meurers (99)
		In the first of the two encodings we propose as answers to this question, this is accomplished by modifying the traditional Subcategorization Principle of HPSG so as to mark realized complements rather than eliminating them from the list of subcategorization requirements.
		Since the subcategorization requirements corresponding to already realized arguments, the so-called `spirits', are represented in the same way as ordinary subcategorization requirements (except for their local subtype), they take part in all grammatical relations without requiring further changes.
		The general nature of the modified subcategorization principle treating all arguments on a par, however, has the disadvantage of eliminating the idea that selection is a local phenomenon which does not in general have access to arguments embedded inside a constituent.
	www.ling.ohio-state.edu /~dm/papers/gagl-raising-spirits.html (604 words)

	Conference Materials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Furthermore, verbs differ with regard to the frames they permit and the probability with which they occur in various frames (Connine et al.).
		Two contexts were created for each verb, one favoring a sense associated with a DO frame and the other favoring a SC-biased sense.
		These off-line and on-line results shows that people are sensitive to sense-based subcategorization preferences, and that they use this knowledge during normal language comprehension.
	cognet.mit.edu /library/conferences/paper?paper_id=44932 (401 words)

	Linguistics 61, Introduction to transformational grammar, Notes 2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		As (10b,e) show, verbs may be associated with more than one subcategorization frame.
		Although subcategorization frames solve the problem posed by sentences like those in (9), phrase structure rules were eventually discarded for two reasons.
		As we will see in a moment, the structures in (14)–(16) are oversimplified, but for now, they illustrate how it is possible to reconstruct trees like those in (7) without incurring the redundancy inherent in a system of phrase structure rules, lexical insertion rules, and subcategorization frames.
	www.unc.edu /courses/pre2000fall/ling030/hendrick/notes2.htm (2893 words)

	Subcategorization Induction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		For the purposes of frame acquisition, the final output of the process of core typing is the individuation of hypercores, which represent the closest possible analogy-based approximation of the linguistic notion of subcategorization frame.
		The following two sections are devoted to a description of i) the battery of tests used to assess the eligibility of a core as a possible instantiation of a frame (tests for complementhood), and ii) the typing of eligible cores into classes of cores or hypercores (core typing).
		V_ABC is considered as a potential subcategorization pattern iff all its chunks are marked.
	www.ilc.cnr.it /sparkle/wp5.1/node18.html (1960 words)

	RUIMY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		An element occuring quite often in the context of a given lexical unit is likely to be syntactically strongly-bound to the head and hence to be part of its subcategorization frame.
		Verbs of feelings, for example, were encoded with a cause complement since 26% of the occurrences of 3 among the most frequent verbs belonging to this class: lamentarsi ‘to complain’, entusiasmarsi ‘to be excited’ and meravigliarsi ‘to marvel’ were followed by a per or di_ Pp ‘for/about’.
		A frame position may be instantiated by either one or more alternating fillers, each member of the distribution paradigm being a potential syntagmatic realization of the function associated to that position.
	www.ach.org /abstracts/1998/abs43.htm (2889 words)

	Subcategorizations, etc.
		A practical consequence of this would be that lexicon entries wouldn't have to encode as much information about subcategorization, since this would be determined by the word subtype.
		One potential use would be to assess the plausibility of certain verb senses, given the subcategorization frame.
		But, since COMLEX doesn't sense tag the data, this requires that a separate annotation be obtained for the same corpus, which limits the applicability.
	www.cs.nmsu.edu /~tomohara/comps_review/node17.html (391 words)

	EE669 Lecture 12 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		•Verbs (adjective too) subcategorize for different syntactic categories, e.g, the word put subcategorizes for an object plus a locative pp.
		•A particular set of syntactic categories that a verb can appear with is called a subcategorization frame.
		•The phenomenon is called subcategorization because we can categorize verbs based on their semantic arguments, where each category has several subcategories of ways to express this syntactically (e.g., give NP NP versus give NP to NP, which express the recipient role differently).
	min.ecn.purdue.edu /~ee669/lectures/Lec12_files/slide0006.htm (120 words)

	Let me begin by thanking the organizers of this conference for inviting me here today (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Computational techniques can also be used to discover more detailed information about syntax such as the subcategorization frames and selectional preferences of Greek verbs within a corpus.
		We also should be able to take advantage of the morphological data contained in the Perseus morphological analyzer to discover the subcategorization frames of different Greek verbs.
		A subcategorization frame is a measure of the syntactic constructions that regularly appear with a verb.
	www.perseus.tufts.edu /%7Ejrydberg/apa.html (1531 words)

	A Connectionist Account of Subcategorization Acquisition (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Unlike many hidden properties of natural language (e.g., syntactic structure), subcategorization frames can be easily observed and distinguished.
		The task of predicting possible subcategorization for a verb is therefore a supervised learning task.
		learning takes place one subcategorization frame in the input at a time, rather than by collecting all frames that occur over a long period (a week or a month) and then processing all these frames together.
	www.sunsite.org.uk /sites/parcftp.xerox.com/pub/qca/schuetze/thedis/node74.html (265 words)

	Subcategorization Acquisition as an Evaluation Method for WSD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		The acquired frames will be evaluated against manually obtained gold standard frames, which will yield a ranking of the WSD systems.
		The acquired subcategorization frame distributions will be evaluated against gold standard distributions created previously (by Anna Korhonen).
		Subcategorization Acquisition as an Evaluation Method for WSD.
	www.cl.cam.ac.uk /~jp233/senseval/index.html (484 words)

	JOHNSON LFG02 Abstract
		A large-scale broad-coverage SLFG may contain many thousands of properties (e.g., associated with the different possible subcategorization frames of each lexical item), so identifying property weights manually is not practical.
		The problem is exacerbated by the trend to redescribe using the properties of the "soft'' stochastic component linguistic phenomena that are traditionally described in terms of "hard'' constraints of LFG.
		For example, in order to achieve broad coverage an SLFG might permit every verb to appear in every subcategorization frame (rather than prescribing a particular set of frames to each verb), and could use lexicalized properties to capture subcategorization preferences.
	csli-publications.stanford.edu /LFG/7/lfg02johnson-abs.html (717 words)

	anna korhonen: subcat evaluation
		Several systems have recently been proposed which are capable of detecting comprehensive sets of subcategorization frames (SCFs) and producing large-scale lexicons which include valuable frequency information.
		These resources include an evaluation corpus and a gold standard for a set of 30 test verbs, and software which can be used to automatically evaluate SCF lexicons using several well-established methods.
		The gold standard assumes Briscoe's (2000) subcategorization frame classification, which incorporates 163 SCF distinctions: a superset of those found in the ANLT and COMLEX Syntax dictionaries.
	www.cl.cam.ac.uk /users/alk23/subcat/subcat.html (671 words)

	LINGUIST List 11.544: Subcategorization, Ejective Dissimilation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		This sounds trivial, but considering tense is a extralinguistic feature it should not, in ideal, affect subcategorization of words.
		But the sentence becomes clearly grammatical if it used in a subjunctive clause as in, "If I had planned, I would have done better." I'm suspecting that there are words that change their subcategorization with each verbal categories: valence, voice, aspect, tense, agreement (person, number, gender), and mood.
		If this is true, we may have to take another serious look at subcategorization and we may have another way of classifying verbs.
	www.ling.ed.ac.uk /linguist/issues/11/11-544.html (405 words)

	English 439/Linguistics 303 Study Guide for Chapters 1-2, 4-6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		subcategorization: the idea that heads take complements of certain categories, and that this information is listed in our mental lexicon.
		The Projection Principle: the notion that heads project structure based on their subcategorization frames, and that this lexical information must be maintained at all levels (D- and S-structure).
		The head parameter: that heads in a particular language occur either on the right or the left (and that they are consistently in that position across categories).
	www.ac.wwu.edu /~annelob/303guideOne.htm (1915 words)

	Prepositional-based Subcategorization Frames in Spanish (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-12)
		Advanced subcategorization frames for languages with relaxed word order constraints (on Spanish examples).
		A SF usually is a class, and many verbs can have the same combination of complements that constitutes this class.
		For example, an SF, NP PP (to), means that after the verb one noun group appears followed by a prepositional phrase beginning with the preposition to, such as for the verb abandon in COMLEX [Grishman, 94].
	www.gelbukh.com /CV/Publications/1999/VEXTAL-1999-Sofia.htm (4880 words)

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