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Topic: Subculture

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	smh.com.au - Subculture
		In February, subculture is pleased to present an audience with David Attenborough, and an exclusive guided tour of the Sydney Museum's Lure of the Southern Seas.
		subculture members have the chance to win one of 5 doubles passes to his sell-out event at the Taronga zoo, as well as a copy of The Life of Mammals.
		To be in the running to win one of 5 double passes simply call 1900 969 469 before 11:59 pm on Sunday 16th February.
	www.smh.com.au /subscriptions/subculture/subculture.html (770 words)

	Subculture (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The relationship between mainstream, "hegemonic" culture and the subcultures that split off from it mirrors the relationship of a linear, dominant narrative strain to the skein of other paths that could be pursued by the reader of hypertext.
		Subcultural styles are distinguished from mainstream styles by being intentionally "fabricated", their constructedness, as different from conventional.
		The heroic rhetoric of resistance, the valorization of the underdog and outsider, and the reemergence of a potentially political working-class consciousness are all embedded in discourses that have shaped the theorization of subcultures in the past twenty years.
	www.jahsonic.com /Subculture.html (1173 words)

	Subculture - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The subculture may be distinctive because of the age of its members, or by their race, ethnicity, class and/or gender, and the qualities that determine a subculture as distinct may be aesthetic, religious, political, sexual or a combination of these factors.
		Subcultures are often defined via their opposition to the values of the larger culture to which they belong, although this definition is not universally agreed on by theorists.
		Musical subcultures are particularly vulnerable to this process, and so what may be considered a subculture at one stage in its history (jazz, punk, hip-hop, rave culture) may represent mainstream taste within a short period of time.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Subculture (705 words)

	Subculture - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In biology, a subculture in a population of a microorganism is when one microbe colony in such a population is transferred onto blank growth medium and allowed to freely reproduce.
		The essence of a subculture, that distinguishes it from other social groupings, is awareness of style and differences in style, in clothing, music or other interests.
		Subcultural styles are distinguished from mainstream styles by being intentionally "fabricated", their constructedness, as different from conventional.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Subcultures (421 words)

	Dick Hebdige: THE FUNCTION OF SUBCULTURE
		Subcultures form in communal and symbolic engagements with the larger system of late industrial culture; they're organized around, but not wholly determined by, age and class, and are expressed in the creation of styles.
		Subcultures are, at least in part, representations of these representations, and elements taken from the 'picture' of working-class life (and of the social whole in general) are bound to find some echo in the signifying practices of the various subcultures.
		It explains the subculture's ability to attract new members and to produce the requisite outraged responses from the parents, teachers and employers towards whom the moral panic was directed and from the 'moral entrepreneurs' - the local councillors, the pundits and MPs - who were responsible for conducting the 'crusade' against it.
	web.syr.edu /~tjconnel/145/Hebdige-Subculture.html (4451 words)

	Subculture as a Neo-Liberal Conduct of Life in Leisure and Consumption
		For Muggleton, subculture as a practice of everyday life, constructs the subcultural subject as an entrepreneurial individual, who is concerned less with social contradictions (in terms of class, gender, and ethnicity) and more with self-development, self-management, and self-realization, all of which center on the theme of freedom.
		With respect to the postmodernists, the subcultural is conceptualized as the cultural; the modern as the postmodern; and the hero of subculture as an ordinary individual (rather than as a bourgeois or a working-class person).
		Therefore, the historical development of the subcultural subject as a neo-liberal individual within the knowledge field of cultural studies is paralleled with the historical normalization of consumption as a neo-liberal imperative of capitalism.
	www.rhizomes.net /issue10/ren.htm (7680 words)

	MARVIN WOLFGANG’S SUBCULTURE OF VIOLENCE THEORY
		Basically, the subculture of violence theory holds that the overt use of violence is generally a reflection of basic values that stand apart from the dominant, the central, or the parent culture.
		The southern subculture of violence theory suggests that individuals socialized in the South learn to approve of violence in a wide range of situations and to view violence as important in enhancing their honor or reputation (Ellison, 1991: 1224).
		Therefore, conditions regarding a street subculture of violence should be tempered somewhat by the acknowledgment that a number of the described violent behaviors are the result of living under negative economic conditions (Baron, 1998:13-14).
	www.criminology.fsu.edu /crimtheory/wolfgang.htm (3984 words)

	Encyclopedia topic: Subculture (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In biology (The science that studies living organisms), a subculture in a population of a microorganism is when one microbe colony in such a population is transferred onto blank growth medium and allowed to freely reproduce.
		The essence of a subculture, that distinguishes it from other social groupings, is awareness of style ((botany) the narrow elongated part of the pistil between the ovary and the stigma) and difference (The quality of being unlike or dissimilar) s in style, in clothing, music or other interests.
		Sarah Thornton (1995), after Pierre Bourdieu (additional info and facts about Pierre Bourdieu) (1986), described subcultural capital as the cultural knowledge and commodities acquired by members of a subculture, raising their status and helping differentiate themselves from members of other groups.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/su/subculture.htm (435 words)

	Masculinity in Punk Subculture (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Subcultures like punk, provide a sense of solidarity and understanding to devotees, which on the whole, is lacking in mainstream society.
		Influencial subversive subcultures which came before the development of punk, such as Dadaism and Futurism did all of these things as well, and prove that punk is not on the whole, entirely unique.
		The overall "do-it-yourself" ethic of punk subculture is integral to the self-images of young men participating in the culture.
	dangpow.com /~felixia/ws290.html (4015 words)

	Overview of Subculture Theories (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Subculture theories believe that the delinquent subcultures emerged in response to the special problems that the members of mainstream society do not face.
		A subculture is defined as a subdivision within the dominant culture that has its own norms, values and belief system.
		Subculture theories help to explain why subcultures emerge (extension of strain), why they take a particular shape (extension of social disorganization), and why they continue from one generation to another (extension of differential association).
	home.comcast.net /~ddemelo/crime/subculture.html (366 words)

	Cultural Studies & Hebdige’s Subculture: The Meaning of Style
		According to him, subcultures form out of their replacement of one or several previous subcultures which disappear through a process which includes commodification by the establishment and media and eventual assimilation into the larger mainstream culture.
		One of Hebdige’s major contributions was to demonstrate that, far from being indecipherable foreign entities, subcultures were actually very similar to the parent or dominant cultures of which they were part, by virtue of the fact subcultures were indeed a reworking of the larger cultures’ styles and values (Hebdige, 76).
		By reconfiguring existing styles and values, youth subcultures in 1970s Britain for example, resisted worsening socio-economic conditions by using these appropriated styles and values against their parents’ generation and the parent culture of which they were part.
	www.mediamusicstudies.net /tagg/students/Montreal/Tendances/PitreHebdige.html (4110 words)

	The Anarchist Subculture
		Due to the different interpretations of the parameters of the subculture, arguments and fights, sometimes even vicious ones, are possible, but there is still a certain unity that is recognized and tends to keep disagreements within a certain framework.
		A subculture is a place of security, for safety, for finding social roles and systems of relationships by which one can define one's self, not a place for free explorations and encountering the unknown.
		For this subculture is not a real challenge to society; it is merely a loyal opposition whose rules -- like all rules -- are just a subset of the rules of society.
	www.insurgentdesire.org.uk /subculture.htm (4426 words)

	Cultural Studies & Hebdige’s Subculture: The Meaning of Style
		According to him, subcultures form out of their replacement of one or several previous subcultures which disappear through a process which includes commodification by the establishment and media and eventual assimilation into the larger mainstream culture.
		One of Hebdige’s major contributions was to demonstrate that, far from being indecipherable foreign entities, subcultures were actually very similar to the parent or dominant cultures of which they were part, by virtue of the fact subcultures were indeed a reworking of the larger cultures’ styles and values (Hebdige, 76).
		By reconfiguring existing styles and values, youth subcultures in 1970s Britain for example, resisted worsening socio-economic conditions by using these appropriated styles and values against their parents’ generation and the parent culture of which they were part.
	www.tagg.org /students/Montreal/Tendances/PitreHebdige.html (4110 words)

	Subculture FAQ
		Subcultures contain internal rule mechanisms (social rules or norms) that allow members to identify with one another.
		Subcultures can be viewed as popular generational forms of identification that intersect with other markers of collective identity, ie.
		Subculture groups form because of the need to escape from wider society and seek new meanings for objects - they arise out of the collective and almost spontaneous need to redefine something in wider society that provides meaning.
	www.sonlifeafrica.com /model/subcult5.htm (1063 words)

	YouTube - New Order live, 1985, 'Subculture'
		Join YouTube for a free account, or log in if you are already a member.
		New Order live performance of 'Subculture' at S...
		New Order live performance of 'Subculture' at Shinjuku Koseinenkin Hall, Tokyo, 02 May 1985.
	www.youtube.com /watch?v=x8hly2PxNFA (517 words)

	Subculture
		It was released on the 9th October 2004 in their debut album "From the garage to the streets".
		OI, OI, OI, OI, OI, OI, OI, OI Members of Subculture are also active in various social issues and have taken part and organised several public protests (including animal rights protests) and charitable events, thus turning words into direct action.
		Subculture are not the type of band which sings about useless topics or endless love songs, though, as Crass say in Yes Sir, I Will, "In attempts to moderate, they ask why we don't write love songs.
	www.animalliberationfront.com /Saints/Musicians/Subculture.htm (302 words)

	A SOCIOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE SURFING SUBCULTURE
		Subcultures are usually characterized by the fact that an individual can function within more than one subculture at one time, with varying degrees of commitment and sometimes pass through several stages as he grows older or his attitudes change.
		The second element is differential interaction...The third element of the model is the segment-related subculture, that is, the subculture that results from the differential interaction of people sharing the same structural position...Finally, as the fourth element...we have the individual manifestations of subcultural membership, i.e., individual variations in behavior, attitudes, beliefs, etc. (pp.
		The fifth and final factor necessary for a surfing subculture to exist in an area is the introduction of the sport and its skills to a receptive population.
	facs.scripps.edu /surf/srf_thes.html (22019 words)

	Sunlight and Shadow
		The realities are these: the Gothic subculture has been around for a little more than twenty years (little Brian Warner, now known as Marilyn Manson, was still throwing spitballs on the playground at the time), and it began as more literary spin-off of 70?s Punk.
		The early eighties saw a flourish in growth in the fledgling subculture as it further defined its intrinsic fashion, music, and attitudes.
		The subculture almost died there and then, but a few newly-discouraged teens of the late Reagan and early Bush years took up the torch, with the few remaining "first gens" going underground.
	www.whitefantom.com /goth/history.html (773 words)

	The Evangelical Subculture
		This subculture has its own organizations and institutions, denominations, parachurch organizations; its own magazines and radio stations and TV networks; its own schools and colleges and universities; its own celebrities; its own music industry and book stores; its own marketing and advertising worlds.
		Both the subculture and the institutional churches turn a relationship with Jesus and his people into a participation in a religion and a lifestyle.
		It has been this subculture that has infected the Evangelicals with psychology, self-esteem, political action and social activism, unity at the expense of sound doctrine, mysticism, and cult attachments to gurus, movements, and organizations.
	procinwarn.com /evansub.htm (538 words)

	John Berardi - Bodybuilding Subculture
		I think in looking at this it is apparent subcultures are created when groups of like-minded people with similar desires unite in opposition to a social environment that views such interests as "abnormal".
		Sure these were at least partly scripted films and they definitely obscure the "dark side" of the sport from their era, but they do capture the essence.
		I think that the hardcore subculture needs to separate from the farce that has become pro bodybuilding (namely the pencil-neck bodybuilding aristocracy) and simply go to where other hardcore athletes are.
	www.johnberardi.com /articles/philosophy/subculture.htm (3067 words)

	Salon Directory (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Sure, except that it was never a subculture to begin with.
		Of course, now that the rave subculture has been fully consumed by the mainstream, it's baffling to remember that it once seemed, to those inside of it, utterly anti-commercial.
		The government's puritanical prosecution of raves and clubs has disguised the sad fact that my generation's contribution to subcultural history is a virtual blueprint for hip capitalism.
	dir.salon.com /ent/music/feature/2000/03/14/machinesoul?pn=1 (1758 words)

	Japanese Skinheads: The Meaning of a Subculture
		Although some subcultures are often the creative expression of cultural difference by marginal groups, the skinhead subculture is something completely unique, as many who find themselves immersed at age fifteen still have somewhat similar ideals at age thirty.
		The contemporary Japanese skinhead subculture is a perfect example to the rest of the world’s subcultures, fostering unity as well as very influential musical groups and manipulating mass culture.
		The skinhead subculture did not make a comeback until the late 1970s, mainly due to the punk explosion and the rebirth of ska (predecessor to reggae) which brought back the skinheads and also created a new identify for skinheads.
	www.clas.ufl.edu /users/jmurphy/JPT3500file/JPT.Projectfile/Jpt/Skinhead.html (2391 words)

	Subculture (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The gothic subculture is comprised of goths, many of whom, but not all, participate in the scene.
		In some ways, a subculture must be like any other culture: It must have an identifiable style of dress, music, art, values, etc. When a subculture is also a counter-culture, what it rejects in the super-culture is what defines it.
		Gothic subculture is counter-culture to some, and simply subculture to others.
	www.sfgoth.com /primer/subculture.html (180 words)

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