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Topic: Subfamily biology

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Halictidae

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Hymenoptera

	Family PTEROMALIDAE
		Graham (1969) runs this subfamily to 11 couplets of his 54 couplet key, so that between the Miscogasterinae (with 12 couplets) and Pteromalinae (with 11), nearly one-half the couplets are devoted to various morphological groupings of the 2 subfamilies.
		BIOLOGY: The species are parasites of Scolytidae and Curculionidae on coniferous trees (Graham 1969), and we have seen specimens reared from twigs of the evergreen broadleaf California-Bay (Umbellularia californica).
		BIOLOGY: Although biology is unknown for the subfamily, it has been collected on dead or felled trees, and the long ovipositor is typical of wasps that parasitize wood-boring larvae (LaSalle and Stage 1985).
	www.sel.barc.usda.gov /hym/chalcids/Pteromal.html (2636 words)

	Stegocephalidae
		Biology: The knowledge of the biology of the Stegocephalidae mainly concerned the fact that they are mostly true deep-sea species, and that, although they do have the globular body form of the pelagic hyperiids, most species appear to be hyperbenthic.
		The genus Bathystegocephalus should, according to the cladogram, be considered as the type genus of a monotypic subfamily, and the sister taxon to the clade consisting of the three subfamilies Andaniexinae, Andaniopsinae and Stegocephalinae.
		The present subfamily is the largest of the five stegocephalid subfamilies (cladogram), both in number of species and genera.
	www.imv.uit.no /ommuseet/enheter/zoo/joergenb/stegocephalidae.html (2168 words)

	Russell, Adrienne D. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The subfamily Eriogonoideae is a diverse group of shrubs, herbaceous perennials, and annuals that is characterized by the absence of sheathing leaf stipules (ocrea), and the presence of a whorl of inflorescence bracts subtending each inflorescence node and a whorl of involucral bracts subtending each flower or cluster of flowers.
		The majority of taxa in the subfamily are aligned with one of two large genera, Eriogonum (wild buckwheat, ~240 spp.) and Chorizanthe (spineflower, 40 N. American spp.).
		The remaining 15 genera in the subfamily are small, largely monotypic taxa.
	www.botany.org /bsa/portland/section13/abstracts/43.shtml (266 words)

	Searching Dataset GLOBAL
		The phylogeny, classification and evolution of parasitic wasps of the subfamily Ophioninae (Ichneumonidae).
		Revision of the genus Linosta M”schler (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) with characterization of the subfamily Linostinae and a new subfamily.
		Nesting biology and male behavior of Trypoxylon (Trypargilum) tenoctitlan in Costa Rica (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae).
	www.ots.ac.cr /rdmcnfs/datasets/exsrch.phtml?ds=global&qbe=2169 (2956 words)

	Biology of the Manta Ray
		NEW - "Biology of Sharks and Rays" on-line course
		Since following a systematic scheme that retains Rhinoptera in its own subfamily, Rhinopterinae, and Shirai's Aetobatinae (which appeals to me as an interesting and provocative way to group Aetobatus, Aetomylaeus and Pteromylaeus) are in no way inconsistent with McEachran et al.
		The proposed taxonomic schemes of these workers will no doubt spur much research and be highly influential in decades to come, but advances in cladistic methodology and the application of molecular genetics render it unlikely that either scheme will be the final word on batoid systematics.
	www.elasmo-research.org /education/topics/lh_manta.htm (753 words)

	[No title]
		Biology of the Braconidae (at subfamily level) with emphasis on host specificity and use of braconids in biological control.
		Biology of the Chalcidoidea, initiate coverage of 13 families, with emphasis on use in biological control.
		Lecture 23 Biology of entomophagous and malacophagous Diptera, with special emphasis on hostparasitoid interactions in the Tachinidae via diversity of oviposition strategies.
	entowww.tamu.edu /students/grad/gcourses/ento621/syllabus.doc (953 words)

	Crocodile Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan- Second Edition: plan1998b.htm (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Details of crocodilian biology as it pertains to their management and conservation can be found in Webb et al.
		It is noteworthy that neither survey or monitoring need generate an absolute estimate of the number of crocodilians present, as long as a reliable index of the trend (increasing or decreasing) is obtained.
		Biology: Exploitation of the crocodilian population was structured to focus harvest on those life stages where high mortality has the least affect on the population.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /natsci/herpetology/act-plan/plan1998b.htm (3760 words)

	EEB Students: Derek S. Sikes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Ph.D. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut
		In revising the subfamily Nicrophorinae, I intend to investigate predispositions towards endangerment and habitat specificity as indicative of bioindication value.
		To achieve these ends I must complete the alpha-level taxonomy for the subfamily, the beta-taxonomy (phylogenetic reconstruction) and the gamma-taxonomy relating ecological and behavioral traits within a phylogenetic framework.
	www.eeb.uconn.edu /grads/sikes/sikes.htm (318 words)

	Berggren¹, Scott Thomas, Sangtae Lee², and Jun Wen³. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)*
		Department of Biology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea.
		The relationships among the members of the economically important subfamily Amygdaloideae (Rosaceae) are in need of a phylogenetic reappraisal.
		Sequences of the ITS regions of nrDNA and the ndhF gene of cpDNA were employed to reconstruct the phylogeny of the subfamily, and evaluate the traditional classification schemes of this group.
	www.ou.edu /cas/botany-micro/botany2000/section13/abstracts/176.shtml (185 words)

	Evolutionary History of the Human Endogenous Retrovirus Family ERV9 -- Costas and Naveira 17 (2): 320 -- Molecular ...
		Capital letters indicate nucleotides present in more than 70% of the sequences belonging to a subfamily, and lowercase letters indicate nucleotides present in between 50% and 70% of the sequences grouped in the subfamily.
		consideration is that the classification of ERV9 in 14 subfamilies
		subfamily IX is the predominant one (26% of the identified sequences
	mbe.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/17/2/320 (4254 words)

	Potential Gene Conversion and Source Genes for Recently Integrated Alu Elements -- Roy et al. 10 (10): 1485 -- Genome ...
		The origin of the Ya5a2 Alu subfamily is shown after the divergence of Ya5 and Yb8 elements.
		The total number of elements found in the nr-database (perfect matches in parenthesis) are shown first separated by a slash from the total number of elements found in all three databases (nr, gss, htgs).
		Shaikh, T.H. and Deininger, P.L. The role and amplification of the HS Alu subfamily founder gene.
	www.genome.org /cgi/content/full/10/10/1485 (6185 words)

	Hominid (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Thus many biologists consider Hominidae to include the Pongidae as the subfamily Ponginae, or restrict the latter to the orangutan and extinct relatives like ''Gigantopithecus''.
		Especially close human relatives form a subfamily, the Homininae.
		Some researchers go so far as to include chimpanzees and gorillas in the genus ''Homo (genus)Homo/'' along with humans, but most genetic evidence suggests the relationships as shown here.
	www.infothis.com /find/Hominid (711 words)

	Classification of families and subfamilies of aquatic Coleoptera (beetles)
		Classification of families and subfamilies of aquatic Coleoptera (beetles)
		Families and subfamilies of Coleoptera (with selectes genera, notes, references and data on family-group names, pp.
		779-1006, In Biology, phylogeny, and classification of Coleoptera: Papers celebrating the 80th birthday of Roy A. Crowson.
	www.inhs.uiuc.edu /biod/waterbeetles/classification.html (58 words)

	Mosaic Structure and Retropositional Dynamics During Evolution of Subfamilies of Short Interspersed Elements in African ...
		) of the consensus sequences of the subfamilies
		Subfamilies of sequences are identified by differently colored backgrounds.
		Polytomies in the tree indicate the absence of a sufficient number of informative loci to support the corresponding relationships or the existence of incongruities with respect to patterns of insertion of SINEs among loci, possibly as a result of incomplete lineage sorting or interspecific hybridization (Takahashi et al.
	mbe.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/19/8/1303 (4936 words)

	ANT BIOLOGY (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Worker ants are easily recognized by their combination of a constricted waste at the front of their abdomen combined with their lack of wings.
		While we usually think of ants as having a sting, many common ants lack a sting; these are in subfamily Formicinae; if you pick up an ant in this subfamily and sniff it, you'll detect the sharp odor of formic acid, which is used as a defensive chemical by these ants.
		The few vestiges of wasp-like behavior in the "primitive" Australian ants--Nothomyrmecia and the bulldog ants, Myrmecia--include the use of their sting when capturing insect prey, relying on vision to find and track prey, and moving on the ground with rapid, jerky movements, much like the movements of spider wasps.
	www.animalbehavioronline.com /antbiology.html (611 words)

	Thomas G
		My area of expertise within biology is plant systematics (also known as plant taxonomy), which deals with the classification, evolution, biogeography, and naming of plants.
		Particular emphases have been monographic and revisionary studies of genera in the subfamily Lobelioideae (the lobelias) endemic to the Hawaiian Islands; naming and description of recently discovered species of Lobelioideae from the New World tropics; and floristic studies of the genera of subfamily Campanuloideae found in the Far East.
		A major project I recently completed was the treatment of the Campanulaceae for The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, edited by Klaus Kubitzki (http://www.fgvp.de/).
	www.uwosh.edu /departments/biology/Lammers.htm (671 words)

	Characterization of the Intragenomic Spread of the Human Endogenous Retrovirus Family HERV-W -- Costas 19 (4): 526 -- ...
		The diagnostic positions used to classify the sequences in subfamilies are outlined in grey boxes.
		Nucleotides present in more than 70% of the sequences from the subfamily are shown in capital letters, whereas nucleotides present in between 50% and 70% are shown in lowercase letters.
		The syncytin sequence (subfamily 3 provirus) is marked by a horizontal arrow
	mbe.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/19/4/526 (3789 words)

	Giussani, Liliana M., J. Hugo Cota-Sanchez, Fernando Zuloaga, and Elizabeth A. Kellogg. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)*
		The grass subfamily Panicoideae includes over 3000 species, approximately 500 of them in the polymorphic and polyphyletic genus Panicum.
		We have used full-length sequences of the chloroplast gene ndhF to determine the phylogeny of the group.
		The subfamily is divided into three strongly supported clades, representing groups with the same chromosome base number: the Andropogoneae (x=10), x=10 Paniceae and x=9 Paniceae; the first two may be sister taxa, but this result is not strongly supported.
	www.botany.org /bsa/portland/section13/abstracts/152.shtml (296 words)

	The catalytic mechanism of the ESA1 histone acetyltransferase involves a self-acetylated intermediate - Nature ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Yeast ESA1 is a member of the MYST subfamily of histone acetyltransferases (HATs), which use acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) to acetylate specific Lys residues within histones to regulate gene expression.
		However, this mode of catalysis differs dramatically from the GCN5/PCAF subfamily, which mediate direct nucleophilic attack of the acetyl-CoA cofactor by the enzyme-deprotonated substrate lysine of the histone.
		These results demonstrate that different HAT subfamilies can use distinct catalytic mechanisms, which have implications for their distinct biological roles and for the development of HAT-specific inhibitors.
	www.nature.com /cgi-taf/DynaPage.taf?file=/nsmb/journal/v9/n11/abs/nsb849.html (308 words)

	Multiple Members of a Third Subfamily of P-Type ATPases Identified by Genomic Sequences and ESTs -- Halleck et al. 8 ...
		Coding regions for the plasma membrane Ca transporter CPMCA and for the five new subfamily members were predicted by Genefinder from the cosmids W09C2 (GenBank accession no. Z68221), Y49E10 (Z98866), T24H7.5 (U28940), W09D10 (Z93785), F36H2 (Z81078), VF36H2L (AL021466), and F02C9 (U80025), respectively, as described in Methods.
		Radiolabeled oligonucleotides derived from murine ATPase II (class I, U75312), rat EST H35595 (class II, same as rat W75163), and human EST R51412 (class II) were hybridized separately to a Northern blot of mouse tissues.
		in the new subfamily catalyzes the transbilayer movement of a
	www.genome.org /cgi/content/full/8/4/354 (3935 words)

	Australian Ants Online - Cerapachys
		Cerapachys is very diverse in Australia with 44 described species. For a discussion of their taxonomy and biology, see Brown (1975).
		Species of Cerapachys are most often confused with ponerines (ants of the subfamily Ponerinae) but differ in the details mentioned above as well as having the frontal lobes very narrow so that the antennal sockets are completely visible when viewed from the front.
		Briese and Macauley, 1981 (biology); Brown, 1975 (biology and taxonomy); Hölldobler, 1982 (biology).
	www.ento.csiro.au /science/ants/cerapachyinae/cerapachys/cerapachys.htm (168 words)

	Biology News: Four-armed jellyfish found
		The subfamily has been named Stellamedusinae, and brings the total number of jellyfish subfamilies to eight.
		Raskoff suspects that the creature, which is relatively large at 10 centimetres across and 20 centimetres long, may feed on fairly big prey such as other jellyfish and similar creatures.
		Raskoff, K. & Matsumoto, G. Stellamedusa ventana, a new mesopelagic scyphomedusae from the eastern Pacific representing a new subfamily, the Stellamedusinae.
	www.bioedonline.org /news/news.cfm?art=768 (607 words)

	Borneo Dissertation Bibliography display full record page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The subfamily Gonystyloideae is a small group of tree species belonging to the family Thymelaeaceae.
		This subfamily comprises three genera:--A etoxylon Airy Shaw, Amyxa (Tiegh.) Domke and Gonystylus Teysm.
		The descriptions of the subfamily, genera, sections and species are given.
	www2.library.unr.edu /dataworks/borneo/searchfull.asp?p_ID=99 (319 words)

	GPCR Subfamily Classifier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		If you don't select a subfamily, your sequence will be evaluated with respect to all of the subfamilies.
		All training data for the GPCR subfamily SVM classifiers was taken from the GPCRDB information system, a curated database of GPCRs developed by Gert Vriend and Florence Horn.
		We have omitted several GPCR subfamily SVM classifiers from the system because they contain only one known member and this is insufficient to train good quality models.
	www.soe.ucsc.edu:8083 /research/compbio/gpcr-subclass (334 words)

	Faculty Research - Schlegel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The two leaflets of the plasma membrane bilayer of blood cells differ markedly in composition, with the choline phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (Sph), concentrated in the outer leaflet and the aminophospholipids, phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), concentrated in the inner leaflet (Figure 1).
		Representatives of this new subfamily are found in yeast, nematodes, mammals and plants, and recently, mutations in one of the genes in the subfamily have been identified as responsible for two forms of human inherited cholestasis, or inpaired bile flow.
		Current research is directed toward elucidating the functions of the other numerous members of the subfamily.
	www.bmb.psu.edu /faculty/rschlegel/schlegel.html (576 words)

	biology - Finch
		Their nests are basket-shaped and built in trees.
		Subfamily Fringillinae - Fringilline finches; contains only three species, which feed their young on insects rather than seeds.
		Subfamily Carduelinae - Cardueline finches; a much larger group that contains several genera which feed their young on seeds.
	www.biologydaily.com /biology/Finch (225 words)

	CSIRO PUBLISHING - New Releases
		The distribution, habitat preferences and general biologies of each genus are discussed, and there is an introduction to the more important research papers investigating each group.
		"Australian Ants: Their Biology and Identification is a breakthrough book in the subject, an important contribution both to science and popular natural history.
		"Australian Ants: Their Biology and Identification is another important step toward bringing ants to the centre of biodiversity and conservation research.
	www.publish.csiro.au /nid/20/pid/503.htm (619 words)

	Biographical Sketch: Aubrey Scarbrough (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Currently projects include the systematics and biodiversity of the Subfamily Ommatiinae (Diptera: Asilidae) from the Neotropical and Afrotropical regions.
		Ommatius Wiedemann, the largest of this Subfamily, is a heterogeneous assemblage of nearly world distributed flies.
		Emphysomera Schiner, revising that genus, and reported the Ommatiine fauna of Sri Lanki.
	www.towson.edu /users/scarb (720 words)

	Fact Sheet for PjNOB I or Baculoviral Midgut (=hepatopancreas) Gland Necrosis Virus (BMNV)
		One other virus of penaeid shrimp, the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), was a proposed member of this subfamily.
		In 1995, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) deleted the genus Non-Occluded Baculovirus and the subfamily Nudibaculovirinae and left the viruses previously in this classification as unassigned invertebrate viruses (Murphy et al., 1995).
		The viruses previously classified as members of this genus and subfamily are now listed as unassigned invertebrate viruses.
	nis.gsmfc.org /nis_factsheet.php?toc_id=1 (1013 words)

	Australian Ants Online - Oecophylla
		General Literature: Holldobler and Wilson 1977a (territoriality); Holldobler and Wilson 1977b (biology); Holldobler and Wilson 1983 (nest construction); Lokkers 1986 (distribution); Way and Khoo 1992 (biology); Fiedler 2001 (association with Lepidoptera).
		1999 (biocontrol); Alan and Elgar 2001 (biology); Bluthgen and Fiedler 2002 (biology); Sumithramma et al.
		David, A. Notes on the biology and habits of the red tree ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Fabricius).
	www.ento.csiro.au /science/ants/formicinae/oecophylla/oecophylla_tax_cat.htm (765 words)

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