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	Subgroup - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A proper subgroup of a group G is a subgroup H which is a proper subset of G (i.e.
		The union of subgroups A and B is a subgroup if and only if either A or B contains the other, since for example 2 and 3 are in the union of 2Z and 3Z but their sum 5 is not.
		If S is a subset of G, then there exists a minimum subgroup containing S, which can be found by taking the intersection of all of subgroups; it is denoted by ~~and is said to be the subgroup generated by S.~~
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Subgroup (824 words)

	eMJA: Subgroup analysis in clinical trials (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In subgroup analysis, where a plethora of factors (eg, sex, age, race, centre, smoking status, stage of disease, and coexistent disorders) may influence outcome, the risk of false-positive results is high.
		However, even among experts, opinions range from only accepting pre-specified subgroup analyses supported by a very strong a priori biological rationale15 to a more liberal view in which subgroup analyses, if properly carried out and carefully interpreted, are permitted to play a role in assisting doctors and their patients to choose between treatment options.
		Subgroups based on characteristics measured after randomisation, such as compliance, should be avoided, as allocation to the subgroup may be influenced by the intervention.
	www.mja.com.au /public/issues/180_06_150304/coo10086_fm.html (2234 words)

	TDWG Economic Botany Subgroup
		The subgroup was organized in an effort to create a data standard for descriptions of the uses of plants.
		The subgroup is now in the process of revising the Standard to better meet the needs of the expanding scope of the fields of ethnobotany and economic botany.
		Subgroup members and others who are interested in plant use data standards are discussing the issues they’ve encountered and recommending changes.
	www.tdwg.org /botany.html (161 words)

	Subgroup (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Groups generated by a single element are called cyclic and are isomorphic to either ('Z, +), where Z denotes the integers, or to (Z / n Z, +), where Z / n Z' denotes the integers modulo n for some positive integer n (see modular arithmetic).
		Given a subgroup H and some a in G, we define the left coset '' aH = { ah : ''h in H }.
		Association Française d'Approximation The subgroup of SMAI concerned with approximation and representation of curves and surfaces.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Subgroup.html (1011 words)

	Exec Summary Vol. 5: No. 33. Subgroup analyses in randomised controlled trials: quantifying the risks of ...
		The performances of subgroup-specific and formal interaction tests were assessed by simulating data with no differential subgroup effects and determining the extent to which the two approaches (incorrectly) identified such an effect, and simulating data with a differential subgroup effect and determining the extent to which the two approaches were able to (correctly) identify it.
		Data were first simulated with no differential subgroup effect and then with a range of types and magnitudes of subgroup effect with the sample size determined by the nominal power (50–95%) for the overall treatment effect.
		When a simulated differential subgroup effect was included, the results were dependent on the nominal power of the simulated data and the type and magnitude of the subgroup effect.
	www.ncchta.org /execsumm/summ533.htm (1439 words)

	Subgroup (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In mathematics given a group G under a binary operation * we say that some subset H of G is a subgroup of G if H also forms a group under the *.
		If S is a subset of G then there exists a minimum subgroup S ; it is denoted by < S > and is said to be the subgroup generated by S.
		Given a subgroup H and some a in G we define the left coset aH = { ah : h in H }.
	www.freeglossary.com /Subgroup (929 words)

	Emerging Infectious Diseases: Molecular Epidemiology of Serogroup A Meningiti... @ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The subgroup III strains uniformly expressed the class I and IIa pilin epitopes (8); however, the pilin epitopes of subgroups VI and X were not uniform: half of each group of strains expressed class I and IIa epitopes and the other half the class IIb epitope.
		The three subgroups were isolated in Moscow during four successive waves of disease caused, respectively, by ST5 of subgroup III (1969 to 1977, 17 of 19 isolates), subgroup X (1983 to 1985; 21 of 27), subgroup VI (1986 to 1995; 32 of 36) and ST7 of subgroup III (1996-97; 19 of 21) (Table 3).
		Subgroup VI bacteria of serogroups A, B, and C were occasionally isolated from endemic disease in East Germany in the 1980s (8).
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:75996419&refid=holomed_1 (5540 words)

	[No title]
		While the Subgroup recognizes that negotiating with other countries on quarantine commodity treatments was not within the scope of USDA's research plan, the Subgroup recommends that USDA begin to meet immediately with U.S. trading partners to establish acceptable alternatives to methyl bromide fumigation.
		The Subgroup met on Thursday, May 27, 1993, to discuss the current uses of methyl bromide in the nursery industry and the possible mitigation measures that might be helpful, but primarily discussed alternatives for its use.
		Since several members of the Subgroup attended both conferences, we generally agreed that a report which combined the key elements from those conferences would represent the critical research that must be done to find a truly viable alternative for methyl bromide.
	www.cdpr.ca.gov /docs/dprdocs/methbrom/mb4chg.asc (15863 words)

	CRIN: Organisations
		The subgroup aims to ensure that this important international human rights mechanism addresses the specific rights and situations of children worldwide in its regular work and annual sessions on human rights.
		The subgroup on the UN Commission on Human Rights works in close partnership with all the thematic subgroups of the NGO Group for the CRC, to enable their participation in the plans and events of the subgroup during the Commission.
		The subgroup also has regular consultation with member States, special rapporteurs and the Committee on the Rights of the Child, to promote mutual information sharing and dialogue in support of promoting children's rights within the work of the Commission.
	www.crin.org /docs/resources/publications/NGOCRC/subgroup-CHR.htm (1026 words)

	ENB:11:22 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		SUBGROUP A: The Subgroup is expected to meet in Conference Room 2 to begin consideration of Section F (implementation and follow-up).
		SUBGROUP B: The Subgroup is expected to meet in Conference Room 3 to continue consideration of paragraphs 100-128 in Section C (sustainable human settlements).
		SUBGROUP C: The Subgroup is expected to reconvene in Conference Room 5 to complete paragraphs 76-99 of Section C (sustainable human settlements).
	www.iisd.ca /vol11/1122006e.html (79 words)

	Quality of Life Subgroup Methodology
		The subgroup concluded that it was important to "get inside patients' heads," i.e., to become patient-centered, in order to learn why so many patients grow dissatisfied with their QOL on dialysis.
		Subgroup members cited their clinical experience with ESRD patients who expressed a strong desire to discuss beliefs or spiritual concerns as a way to help them adjust to and live with ESRD.
		The subgroup determined that a useful contribution to the care of ESRD patients would be to develop an improved quality of life instrument.
	www.mywhatever.com /cifwriter/content/41/pe3655.html (996 words)

	Complexity Digest - Optimal Measurements for the Dihedral Hidden Subgroup Problem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		We then prove that the success probability of this measurement exhibits a sharp threshold as a function of the density nu=k/log N, where k is the number of copies of the hidden subgroup state and 2N is the order of the dihedral group.
		Thus the dihedral group provides an example of a group G for which Omega(logG) hidden subgroup states are necessary to solve the hidden subgroup problem.
		In particular, we show that an efficient quantum algorithm for a restricted version of the optimal measurement would imply an efficient quantum algorithm for the subset sum problem, and conversely, that the ability to quantum sample from subset sum solutions allows one to implement the optimal measurement.
	www.comdig.org /article.php?id_article=21166 (256 words)

	PlanetMath: Borel subgroup
		Any Borel group is connected and equal to its own normalizer, and contains a unique Cartan subgroup.
		, then the standard Borel subgroup is the set of upper triangular matrices.
		This is version 2 of Borel subgroup, born on 2003-02-13, modified 2003-02-24.
	planetmath.org /encyclopedia/BorelSubgroup.html (84 words)

	Subgroup
		LOWX - Parallel "low-index subgroups algorithm" software by Peter DobcsÃ¡nyi for finding all subgroups up to given index in a finitely-presented group.
		Association FranÃ§aise d'Approximation - The subgroup of SMAI concerned with approximation and representation of curves and surfaces.
		For the growing subgroup within the transgendered community who do not identify as either a 'man' or 'woman', but as somewhere inbetween, or as neither, placing themselves 'outside' of the gender 'spectrum' completely.
	www.nebulasearch.com /encyclopedia/article/Subgroup.html (564 words)

	Towards Knowledge-Intensive Subgroup Discovery (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Subgroup discovery can be applied for exploration or descriptive induction in order to discover "interesting" subgroups of the general population, given a certain property of interest.
		We describe a knowledge-intensive approach for subgroup discovery utilizing several types of background knowledge, which can be applied incrementally.
		The context of our work is to identify interesting diagnostic patterns using subgroup discovery techniques, to supplement a medical documentation and consultation system.
	ki.informatik.uni-wuerzburg.de /papers/atzmueller/2004/2004-LWA2004_FGML_AtzmuellerM_TowardsKnowledgeIntensiveSubgroupDiscovery.htm (138 words)

	The Center and a Normal Subgroup Intersect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Every normal subgroup intersects the center of g, which is all of g.
		Since c commutes with everything, the subgroup d, generated by c and k, is indeed the direct product of c and k.
		Since k is normal the conjugate of y lies in k, and the conjugate of xy lies in d, hence d is normal in g.
	www.mathreference.com /grp-chain,normint.html (367 words)

	Table of contents "CATTLE BREEDS - an Encyclopedia"
		Subgroup A: Breeds of the Cantabrian Mountains and Primitive (semi-feral) breeds of the Pyrenees, the Camargue, Corsica and Sardinia
		Subgroup A: Zebu and zebu-sanga breeds of Northern Sudan, Eritrea and Northern Ethiopia
		Subgroup 16-3A: The wisent, bison and bison-cattle hybrids
	www.zod.wau.nl /dps/felius/tbofcont.html (884 words)

	Subgroup (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		By placing passive ozone monitors at six different sites, the subgroup was able to establish that ozone levels throughout the county parallel the rise and fall...
		In mathematics, given a group G under a binary operation , we say that some subset H of G is a subgroup* of G if H also forms a group under the operation *.
		Given a subgroup H and some a in G, we define the left coset aH = {ah : h in H}.
	www.wikiverse.org /subgroup (942 words)

	Subgroup discovery with CN2-SD
		Subgroup discovery with CN2-SD Nada Lavrac, Branko Kavsek, Peter Flach and Ljupco Todorovski.
		The goal of subgroup discovery is to find rules describing subsets of the population that are sufficiently large and statistically unusual.
		The paper presents a subgroup discovery algorithm, CN2-SD, developed by modifying parts of the CN2 classification rule learner: its covering algorithm, search heuristic, probabilistic classification of instances, and evaluation measures.
	www.cs.bris.ac.uk /Publications/pub_info.jsp?id=2000064 (171 words)

	Normal subgroup (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In mathematics, a normal subgroup N of a group G is a subgroup invariant under conjugation ; that is, for eachelement x in N and each g in G, the element g
		A normal subgroup can also be defined by: A subgroup N of a group G is a normal subgroup if N is a union of conjugacy classes of G.
		Normal subgroups of G are precisely the kernels of group homomorphisms f : G
	www.therfcc.org /normal-subgroup-84920.html (182 words)

	Subgroup (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In mathematics, given a group G under an operation , we say that some subset H of G is a subgroup* if H is a group under * also.
		There is a minimal subgroup, the trivial group {e} (e being G's identity element), and a maximal subgroup, the group G itself.
		Given a subgroup H and some g in G, we define the left coset gH = {gh : h in H}.
	www.portaljuice.com /subgroup_1.html (583 words)

	United University Professions (UUP)
		This subgroup includes only the records of substantive projects that affected members of the UUP bargaining unit as a whole and for which the Vice President for Professionals was primarily responsible rather than the individual working files of each Vice President for Professionals.
		This subgroup was created for records relating to specific projects that UUP was involved in but for which the specific office of origin was unknown or unclear because two or more departments were involved in it.
		Additional materials regarding negotiations are located in Subgroup II, UUP Predecessors and Early UUP Years; the files of Presidents Wakshull and Reilly in Subgroup III; and the files of Joseph Drew including in Subgroup V, Office of the Treasurer.
	library.albany.edu /speccoll/findaids/apap039.htm (15091 words)

	RFC 2785 (rfc2785) - Methods for Avoiding the "Small-Subgroup" Attacks on (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Abstract In some circumstances the use of the Diffie-Hellman key agreement scheme in a prime order subgroup of a large prime p is vulnerable to certain attacks known as "small-subgroup" attacks.
		In this case, the leakage due to a small subgroup attack will be only a few bits.
		It involves modifying the computation of ZZ by including j (the cofactor) in the computations and is compatible with ordinary Diffie-Hellman when both parties' public keys are valid.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc2785.html (3055 words)

	Certicom \| Certicom Intellectual Property \| Subgroup Attack
		The theme common to all these embodiments is that the attacker is able to fool an honest user into deriving a session key from a value, that is predictable because it lies in a small subgroup of the group being used.
		If the group selected has subgroups of relatively small order, the message may be exponentiated by a factor of the order of the group to place the message in a subgroup of relatively small order.
		To inhibit such substitution, the base or generator of the cryptosystem is chosen to be a generator of a subgroup of prime order or a subgroup of an order having a number of relatively small divisors.
	www.certicom.com /?action=ip,subgrpattack (302 words)

	6.5.4.3.1. T² Chart for Subgroup Averages -- Phase I
		is used to denote the average for the lth subgroup of the ith variable.
		The variances and covariances are similarly averaged over the subgroups.
		denoting a vector with p elements that contains the subgroup averages for each of the p characteristics for the jth subgroup.
	www.itl.nist.gov /div898/handbook/pmc/section5/pmc5431.htm (362 words)

	Open Hypermedia Systems Working Group - Component framework
		Since these frameworks provide support for passing messages between remote objects (actually the mechanism makes the location of an object completely transparent to the caller), the on-the-wire issues surrounding the OHP message format would be handled automatically by the framework.
		It was agreed to begin specifying OHP services in the terms of an API and to form the OHS-Framework subgroup to evaluate the existing component technologies and make a recommendation as to which technology to use.
		The OHS-Framework subgroup was tasked with determining the feasibility of providing a parallel implementation of the OHP that makes use of a pre-defined message format.
	www.csdl.tamu.edu /ohs/tech/framework (575 words)

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