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Topic: Subjective idealism

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	Idealism - LoveToKnow 1911
		The foundations of idealism in the modern sense were laid by the thinkers who sought breathing room for mind and will in a deeper analysis of the relations of the subject to the world that it knows.
		The conflict of idealism with these two lines of criticism - the accusation of subjectivism on the one side of intellectualism and rigid objectivism on the other - may be said to have constituted the history of Anglo-Saxon philosophy during the first decade of the 20th century.
		These on their side, to be subject in the true sense must be conceived of as possessing a life which is truly their own, the expression of their own nature as self-determinant.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /I/ID/IDEALISM.htm (7183 words)

	idealism - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		IDEALISM [idealism] the attitude that places special value on ideas and ideals as products of the mind, in comparison with the world as perceived through the senses.
		In modern times idealism has largely come to refer the source of ideas to man's consciousness, whereas in the earlier period ideas were assigned a reality outside and independent of man's existence.
		The post-Kantian German idealism of J. Fichte and Friedrich von Schelling, which culminated in the absolute or objective idealism of G. Hegel, began with a denial of the unknowable thing-in-itself, thereby enabling these philosophers to treat all reality as the creation of mind or spirit.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-idealism.html (516 words)

	Subjective idealism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Subjective idealism is a theory in the philosophy of perception.
		Subjective idealism is monist, because it states that only the mind exists (matter is a result of our perception).
		Subjective idealism is featured prominently in the Norwegian novel Sophie's World, in which "Sophie's world" exists in fact only in the pages of a book.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Subjective_idealism (415 words)

	Schelling's System of Transcendental Idealism
		Idealism is a philosophy that the nature of reality is mental or spiritual, and that the world consists of ideas.
		Thus, Schelling’s transcendental idealism affirms that a transcendental unity of the self and nature, of subject and object, of the conscious and the unconscious is a condition for knowledge.
		According to Schelling, idealism asserts that the boundary of the self is posited only by the self, while realism asserts that the boundary of the self is established by something external to the self.
	www.angelfire.com /md2/timewarp/schelling.html (1193 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Idealism
		Idealism in life is the characteristic of those who regard the ideas of truth and right, goodness and beauty, as standards and directive forces.
		Platonism is the oldest form of idealism, and Plato himself the progenitor of idealists.
		It is usual to place in contrast Plato's idealism and Aristotle's realism; the latter in fact denies that ideas are originals and that things are mere copies; he holds that the essence is intelligible, but that it is immanent in the things of nature, whereas it is put into the products of art.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/07634a.htm (1338 words)

	Classics in the History of Psychology -- Baldwin (1901) Definitions Ia - Il
		The case is not different in those instances in which the ideal seems to be fulfilled, as when we say that the circle fulfils the ideal of roundness; for there the term ideal has the meaning merely of adequate definition, and the peculiar mode of consciousness in question is not present at all.
		As distinguished from such a position, idealism in the stricter sense -- the subjective idealism of Berkeley -- is called by Kant 'dogmatic idealism.' He also uses the term 'material idealism' to include both varieties -- the problematic and the dogmatic -- in contra-distinction to his own theory of 'formal,' 'critical,' or 'transcendental' idealism.
		The subject stands with his body bent forward from the hips and his head resting on a cane which extends vertically from the floor; he walks around the cane three times, then raises his head and attempts to walk across the room, with the result that he staggers and usually falls.
	psychclassics.yorku.ca /Baldwin/Dictionary/defs/I1defs.htm (11111 words)

	Idealism
		Idealism, which holds that in the knowledge process the mind can grasp only the psychic or that its objects are conditioned by their perceptibility.
		Idealism seeks to overcome contradictions by penetrating into the overall coherent system of truth and continually creating new knowledge to be integrated with earlier discoveries.
		Idealism is thus friendly to all quests for truth, whether in the natural or behavioral sciences or in art, religion, and philosophy.
	cyberspacei.com /jesusi/inlight/philosophy/western/Idealism.htm (4906 words)

	Dictionary of Philosophy
		Subjects, relations, sensations, and feelings are mental; and since no other type of analogy remains by which to characterize a non-mental thing-in-itself, pure idealism follows as the only possible view of Being.
		In Italy idealism is represented by Croce and Gentile, in Spain, by Unamuno and Ortega e Gasset; in Russia, by Lossky, in Sweden, by Boström; in Argentina, by Aznar.
		Idealization: In art, the process of generalizing and abstracting from specifically similar individuals, in order to depict the perfect type of which they are examples, the search for real character or structural form, to the neglect of external qualities and aspects.
	www.ditext.com /runes/i.html (12701 words)

	Idealism
		Idealism is, to a large extent, an opposite view to scientific and material viewpoints that asserts the importance of internal individual perceptions.
		Subjective Idealism: (Berkeley) nothing exists except minds and spirits and their perceptions and thoughts.
		Idealism is opposed to many philosophies that stress material matter, including Empiricism, Positivism, Skepticism, Atheism and Materialism.
	changingminds.org /explanations/research/philosophies/idealism.htm (426 words)

	2.1 Philosophical Idealism
		Subjective Idealism is the type of Idealism used by George Berkeley.
		Personal Idealism is defined as "the view that the minds that underlie reality are the minds of persons." (60) Personal Idealism rejects the idea that there is one single mind behind all the minds that perceive.
		Absolute Idealism may be defined as "the view that the existence of material things depends upon one underlying mental reality rather than upon the mental contents of individual observers," (60) hereby distinguishing it from types of Idealism that place more value on the individual.
	www.astridvanwoerkom.com /pws/chapter2/21.html (1014 words)

	The Idealist Route through the Eidodynamic Levels by John Rowan
		It represents dualistic idealism, and because of the enormous propaganda efforts of the Christian church, of Islam and of Judaism, we are all very familiar with the intellectual and emotional structure of that position.
		SUBJECTIVE IDEALISM is the attempt to turn the mind into a set of objects or atoms which will exhibit just the same kind of determinstic relationships which have already been found in matter.
		It matters not that, by the introduction of some subjective analysis, we reduce the supposed things to more or less permanent groups or series of sensations: the essential fact is, that they are thought of as making up a mechanical whole.
	www.gwiep.net /site/idearout.htm (3592 words)

	Salazar: Subjectivity, Objectivity, and the Differance Between
		The subject present in many of Williams’ poems, whether the implied viewer in “Flowers by the Sea,” the singular speaker confessing in “This is Just to Say,” the wistful grandfather in “Suzy” or the unashamed dancer, nude before the mirror in “Danse Russe,” is a subject mired in the materiality of his world.
		Regardless of who the woman is, she is at once the subject and the object of the poem, since to take on the presence of another is, in a sense, to objectify her.
		The interesting thing is that they are interpreted by a subject, in a double sense, since the widow is looking at them through the lens of her sorrow, while Williams is writing them through his perceptions of how his mother sees them.
	writing.colostate.edu /gallery/parataxis/salazar.htm (2588 words)

	Metaphysical Idealism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Idealism does not say that the natural world is unreal; it does not say that the laws of nature are mere inventions of the human mind; it does not say we can change the world magically by thinking differently.
		According to subjective idealism, matter is a construct based on the mental contents of individual observers, like you and me. According to absolute idealism, there is a single underlying mental or spiritual thing, or principle, whose mental activity and content underpins the existence of the entire material world.
		Although it is possible to be a subjective idealist and also a pluralistic idealist, most pluralistic idealists have regarded matter as the resultant of the activity of interrelated minds acting together, rather than as constructs built up from the contents of single minds.
	www.eskimo.com /~msharlow/idealism.htm (2809 words)

	Glossary of Terms: Su (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Contrary to individualism and bourgeois psychology, subjectivity cannot be viewed as something existing solely within the internal and inaccessible recesses of individuals, but is rather an aspect of a social activity in which three relations – knowledge, agency and identity – coincide.
		Subjectivity is the first stage of the formation of a concept or self-consciousness, a “negative” of Being, and its parts are Notion, Judgment and Syllogism.
		The three components of Subjectivity are the Individual (a single person or thing), the Particular (i.e., the finite relation of the individual to others by means of which it relates to the Universal) and the Universal (i.e., the infinite, the cultural-historical objects which carry meaning and form the material basis for ideals).
	www.marxists.org /glossary/terms/s/u.htm (2489 words)

	Paul Laurendeau \| Département d'études françaises \| York University
		That type of idealism focuses exclusively on the activity of knowledge of a subject and sees in it the foundations of its doctrine of Being.
		After presenting the arguments of subjective idealism on Being, it is crucial to describe the idealist doctrine of knowledge that guided Philonous in his argumentation.
		The maximum idealism will do to supersede that abstract isolation of the knowing single subject (typical in subjective idealism) will be to acknowledge the existence of "another I".
	www.yorku.ca /paull/book/chpt5.html (11908 words)

	Subjective Idealism
		Form of idealism represented primarily by George Berkeley (1685-1753), though his own name for it was immaterialism.
		Berkeley was mainly concerned to reject the notion of matter, which he regarded as unknowable and the source of paradoxes, and itself stemming from the doctrine of 'abstract ideas', which he made his first target.
		The term 'subjective idealism', used of Berkeley and also of Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) (see transcendental idealism) by objective idealists, perhaps depends on emphasizing only one side of Berkeley's view, that to be is to be perceived; and in the case of Kant, his treatment of ideas as dependent on our minds.
	www.philosophyprofessor.com /philosophies/subjective-idealism.php (213 words)

	Hegel's Critique of Subjective Irony
		Thus, a critique of Fichtean subjective idealism was academically--and politically--advantageous.
		The polemic against subjective idealism takes many forms, and one is seen in the equation of unrestrained freedom and death.
		So the critique of pure subjectivity and hence subjective irony was present from early on and apparently represented a deeply held conviction.
	sdcc12.ucsd.edu /~csenger/hgbk2/node7.html (4143 words)

	Idealism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Idealism is an approach to philosophical enquiry which asserts that everything that we experience is of a mental nature.
		As a foundation for cosmology, or an approach to understanding the nature of existence, idealism is often contrasted with materialism, both belonging to the class of monist as opposed to dualist or pluralist ontologies.
		In addition to the Idealism of Kant, Nietzsche in the same book attacks the idealism of Schopenhauer and Descartes via a similar argument to Kant's original critique of Descartes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Idealism (5254 words)

	Berkeley's Rejection of Abstract Ideas
		Berkeley's subjective idealism is, in addition, not even a consistent system, since his entire argument is based on the incoherency of matter, but he requires something equally coherent called spirit to support his ideas.
		The road to aconsistent idealism, if there is one, must lie, not in rejecting abstractideas, but in rejecting the assumption that ideas, or the qualities that causethem (if they be any different), cannot exist on their own.
		Ifwe take the view of computational absolute idealism (which has much of itsroots in Berkeley's thinking, in spite of its points of difference), we canmodify Berkeley's slogan and say instead: "To be is to be perceivable." Thisapplies to both the idea and its perceiver.
	www.elea.org /Berkeley (3885 words)

	CHAPTER X
		Idealism means that there is more to life and the universe than surface appearances.
		Idealism as a philosophic term must be distinguished from the popular definition.
		Idealism is a term used in different ways as seen in Plato who spoke of the real world being that of Ideas or Forms; or in Berkeley who relates ideas to perception and the matter of knowing things.
	www.emporia.edu /socsci/philos/chp10.htm (8485 words)

	Uncertainty and Idealism
		This was really a variety of subjective idealism, thinly disguised as a school of scientific thought.
		This again emphasises a subjective element in the description of atomic events, since the measuring device has been constructed by the observer, and we have to remember that what we observe is not nature in itself but nature exposed to our method of questioning.
		Heisenberg defends the standpoint of formal logic and idealism, and therefore, inevitably arrives at the conclusion that the contradictory phenomena at the subatomic level cannot be comprehended by human thought at all.
	www.marxist.com /science/uncertaintyandidealism.html (11338 words)

	Borges Use of Berkeley's Idealism
		Subjective idealism is also an element of another Borges story.
		But Borges discredits Berkeley’s conclusion by applying subjective idealism on a grander scale, suggesting perhaps that there is a power higher than God.
		Subjective idealism is enough to explain the nature of human perception, but is hopelessly theocentric concerning Berkeley’s ultimate purpose.
	www.gwu.edu /~english/kaleidoscope/Essaypages/Essay7A.htm (1651 words)

	subjective
		existing in the mind; belonging to the thinking subject rather than to the object of thought (opposed to
		pertaining to the subject or substance in which attributes inhere; essential.
		pertaining to or constituting the subject of a sentence.
	www.infoplease.com /dictionary/subjective (129 words)

	Philosophy Essays -- Fichte's Subjective Idealism
		With a dramatic dialectic style, Fichte expounds his subjective idealism which seriously undermines claims of an external world and which ultimately borders on solipsism.
		Beginning with the question of Free Will, Fichte concludes that there is none before engaging a mysterious Spirit in a philosophical dialogue over the nature of Fichte's knowledge.
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	www.123helpme.com /preview.asp?id=31387 (1592 words)

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