
	Where results make sense

Topic: Subjunctive possibility

Related Topics

Modal logic

Kripke semantics

In the News (Sat 19 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	Course II, Lesson 9
		The subjunctive mood is largely disappearing from English, or perhaps it is more accurate to say that English usage is increasingly relying on indicators of contingency other than the words should, might, would, et al.
		Finally, with the present subjunctives in mind, the 1st aorist subjunctives can be imagined by inserting a sigma after the verb stem and before the connecting vowel of the present subjunctive.
		Aorist passive subjunctives are built on the stem of the 6th principle part.
	www.ntgreek.net /lesson29.htm (2216 words)

	The subjunctive mood in Spanish
		Subjunctive forms are available in English ("If I were you, I'd accept"; "it is essential that this matter be dealt with discreetly"), but we tend to avoid them, or to use modal auxiliary verbs (should, may) to express mood.
		Spanish speakers use the subjunctive willingly and regularly, in all registers: it is not reserved for formal or written language.
		Unlike the equivalent tense in French, the imperfect subjunctive is commonly used in Spanish.
	www.dur.ac.uk /m.p.thompson/subjunctive.htm (620 words)

	9.1 - subjunctive - basic concepts and present tense (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Subjunctive tenses are not easy to handle for English speakers, simply because it is difficult to tell when these tenses are required.
		The special consideration in which subjunctive is kept is also the reason for a curious, there are several people who tend to over-use subjunctive tenses, even when they are not required, in the fear that failing to do so their cultural background might be blamed.
		Although the use of subjunctive is difficult, compared to indicative tenses a simplification is that all three singular persons are identical in the present tense, and two of them are the same in the past (imperfect) tense.
	www.geocities.com /f_pollett/i-9-1.htm (2845 words)

	Subjunctive possibility - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Subjunctive possibility (also called alethic possibility or metaphysical possibility) is the form of modality most frequently studied in modal logic.
		Subjunctive possibilities are the sorts of possibilities we consider when we conceive of counterfactual situations; subjunctive modalities are modalities that bear on whether a statement might have been or could be true—such as might, could, must, possibly, necessarily, contingently, essentially, accidentally, and so on.
		Subjunctive possibility is contrasted with (among other things) epistemic possibility (which deals with how the world may be, for all we know) and deontic possibility (which deals with how the world ought to be).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Subjunctive_possibility (780 words)

	The Subjunctive Mood (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		By far the most common use of the subjunctive is the use of the subjunctive after "if" clauses that state or describe a hypothetical situation.
		In this sentence, the author uses the indicative to indicate that she indeed was a butterfly in the past, and she is not just hypothetically speaking about a situation contrary to her reality.
		The sentence above using the subjunctive suggests that it is unlikely he actually is building his house on Interstate-40, but instead the speaker brings up the scenario as a hypothetical situation.
	web.cn.edu /kwheeler/grammar_subjunctive.html (767 words)

	CONDITIONS
		The present subjunctive is used when an event is thought of in the realm of present possibility: that is, it is a present potential...
		Among the possible events (hence, the potential subjunctive: it imagines an event as possible), we might want to distinguish those that were possible but are not happening now from those that were possible in the past but didn't happen then.
		The pluperfect subjunctive came to be use for the event that was possible but closed (unfulfilled) already in the past.
	omega.cohums.ohio-state.edu /latin/grammar/conditions_in_latin.htm (804 words)

	The Components of Content
		A thought is epistemically possible (in a broad sense, related to but distinct from the usual philosophical sense) when it cannot be ruled out by a priori reasoning: that is, when its negation is not epistemically necessary.
		To consider a world as counterfactual, one considers it as a subjunctive possibility: as a way things might have been, given that the character of the actual world is already fixed.
		"Subjunctive" because this sort of possibility is grounded in the semantically subjunctive notion of what might have been the case (Kripke is explicit about this), and because the evaluation of such possibilities reflects the use of subjunctive conditionals.
	consc.net /papers/content.html (18479 words)

	French Grammar Exercises
		The subjunctive is sometimes used in a subordinate clause to express a desired but uncertain condition.
		The past subjunctive is formed with the present subjunctive of the auxilary être or avoir followed by the past participle.
		The subjunctive is formed by dropping the -ent ending of the 3rd person plural of the present and adding the endings -e, -es, -e-, -ions, -iez, -ent.
	columbia.edu /~fms5/fsub.html (1418 words)

	The Nature of Epistemic Space
		It is natural to think of scenarios as possible worlds, and to think of a scenario in which P as a world in which P. But it is immediately clear that this will not work, at least on the most common contemporary understanding of possible worlds.
		Unlike strict epistemic possibility, deep epistemic possibility does not depend on a particular state of knowledge, and is not relative to a subject.
		But the notion of possibility invoked here differs from the notion of possibility that is usually associated with possible worlds: it is a sort of epistemic possibility, whereas possible worlds are usually understood to be associated with a sort of "metaphysical" possibility.
	consc.net /papers/espace.html (17060 words)

	INDEPENDENT
		The subjunctive may be used to express an action as existing in the realm of possibility.
		As a direct expression of potential, the subjunctive indicates not that the speaker has observed a fact, but that he or she has imagined a fact, has thought about things from the point of view of what is possible, likely, or even certain.
		The third use of the independent subjunctive is to express an action as existing as part of the speakers wishes, prayers or fears.
	omega.cohums.ohio-state.edu /latin/grammar/independent_subjunct.htm (826 words)

	Subjunctive
		he Subjunctive is used in the first person plural in exhortations, the speaker thus exhorting others to join him in the doing of an action.
		The Subjunctive is used in deliberative questions and in rhetorical questions having reference to the future.
		The Subjunctive may be explained as occasioned by the emphatic negative or by the rhetorical nature of the question.
	www.dabar.org /BurtonMoodsTenses/Subjunctive.html (882 words)

	The Subjunctive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Another common environment in which the subjunctive does not necessarily indicate doubt or unreality is the concessive clause introduced by þeah "though," which always takes the subjunctive, regardless of the truth of the statement in the clause.
		The Old English subjunctive is often used to make a first- or third-person imperative, and then the best translation usually converts the subject of the verb into an object of "let." In plural constructions, the n of the ending is generally dropped.
		In the first-person singular present, both the subjunctive and the indicative end in e, and in the past tense of strong verbs the subjunctive and the indicative are identical in the second-person singular.
	www.engl.virginia.edu /OE/courses/handouts/Subjunctive.html (936 words)

	JLR Journal of Literacy Research
		Because the subjunctive traffics in human possibilities rather than settled certainties (Bruner, 1986), writing becomes a site of possibility, an “as if” that works in multiple ways with, through, and beyond the text.
		Women, using the fluidity of writing to express a variety of experiences, shape a story of subjectivity where they begin to see themselves as having multiple possibilities for understanding and acting.
		This article explores some of the possibilities of writing that the author realized from working with women writers and describes how, as a result of this work, she has revised her thinking about writing and the teaching of writing.
	www.nrconline.org /jlr/archive/v31/article_31_3_1.html (173 words)

	Subjunctive
		The problem with that headline is that it states a condition contrary to fact, so it demands use of the subjunctive mood.
		In the subjunctive, we use the plural form for the third-person singular.
		For “to be” verbs in the subjunctive, we use:
	web.ku.edu /~edit/subjunctive.html (286 words)

	RHS Latin - Phillips » Blog Archive » Subjunctive Verbs, cum Clauses & Indirect Questions
		Subjunctive verbs are used in cases where the speaker/writer is attempting to communicate an idea that is not completely factual or certainly known.
		The translation of the subjunctive depends on its use in a sentence.
		The focus of these constructions is “downplayed” and the reader/listener, seeing/hearing the subjunctive verb sees the main clause as the important information rather than the circumstances.
	kent.k12.oh.us /rhs/jphillips/?p=103 (505 words)

	Greek Verbs (Shorter Definitions)
		The indicative mood is the only mood conceived of as actual while with the other three moods (imperative, subjunctive, and optative) the action is only thought of as possible or potential.
		However if the subjunctive mood is used in a purpose or result clause, then the action should not be thought of as a possible result, but should be viewed as a definite outcome that will happen as a result of another stated action.
		The optative is the mood of possibility, removed even further than the subjunctive mood from something conceived of as actual.
	www.ntgreek.org /learn_nt_greek/verbs1.htm (2210 words)

	Contextualism in Epistemology [Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy]
		This allows for the possibility that different contexts set different epistemic standards, and contextualists invariably maintain that the standards do in fact vary from context to context.
		The most prominent forms of epistemological contextualism are based either on Robert Nozick's subjunctive conditionals account of knowledge or on the relevant alternatives theory of knowledge that is associated with Fred Dretske and Alvin Goldman.
		In the actual world, and for quite a distance away from the actual world, up to quite remote possible worlds, our belief that we are not radically deceived matches the fact as to whether we are or are not radically deceived.
	www.iep.utm.edu /c/contextu.htm (9878 words)

	Spanish Grammar: subjunctive part I
		The subjunctive is not a tense; rather, it is a mood.
		The difference between indicative and subjunctive is the difference between certainty/objectivity (indicative) and possibility/subjectivity (subjunctive).
		Because there must be some uncertainty or subjectivity to warrant the use of the subjunctive, you will usually see it in sentences that contain a main clause which introduces a quality of uncertainty or subjectivity.
	www.studyspanish.com /lessons/subj1.htm (924 words)

	Gringoes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Subjunctive Mood includes Present, Imperfect and Future and is, generally speaking, used when the situation concerned is just a possibility at the moment it is being communicated.
		To see how the Subjunctive would work, take Present Subjunctive: as the name indicates, it is used when there is present expression of hope, uncertainty, desire, emotion, wish or a demand.
		In informal spoken language, however, the subjunctive is not always used when we start the sentence with "ficar feliz/triste que", "estar feliz/triste que", "achar legal que"......
	www.gringoes.com /articles.asp?ID_Noticia=1462 (639 words)

	Spanish Subjunctive in Dependent Clauses
		In most cases where the subjunctive is required in Spanish, the English uses the indicative or an infinitive phrase.
		The study of the Spanish subjunctive in dependent clauses is, therefore, of special importance.
		The Spanish subjunctive may be used in three classes of dependent clauses, (1) substantive or noun clauses, (2) adjective clauses, or (3) adverbial clauses.
	www.spanish-kit.net /grammar/296.html (344 words)

	Subjunctive
		The subjunctive mood is used to express a wish or to describe a condition that is contrary to fact.
		The mandative subjunctive is used in that-clauses when the main clauses contain an expression of recommendation, resolution, demand, uncertainty, etc. verbs such as wish, demand, order, suggest, propose, recommend, urge, insist are used.
		That's why the subjunctive 'borrows' froms from indicative verb tenses and also why subjunctive meaning is conveyed by means of the use of other structures (such as "should" and the "to-infinitive").
	www.englishforums.com /English/Subjunctive/gmkc/Post.htm (2098 words)

	Classis Latine MXIII: Subjunctive
		The deliberative subjunctive is employed to deliberate whether or not an action ought to be taken.
		The hortatory subjunctive is employed to exhort the hearers to perform an action.
		The optative subjunctive is employed to express a wish on the part of the speaker.
	www.uark.edu /depts/latin/subjunctive.html (1047 words)

	Language Log: Ray Charles, America, and the subjunctive
		The only solution is that both are uses of the plain form in a subjunctive main clause construction.
		Shed would be encountered as a plain form (in infinitival clauses), as a plain present (used when the subject is not 3rd singular), as a past participle, and as a preterite.
		The only possible analysis of the lines above is to take it as a preterite.
	itre.cis.upenn.edu /~myl/languagelog/archives/001162.html (1256 words)

	Subjunctive mood in English - guide to usage
		One important note: many scholars have dismissed the persistence of the subjunctive in its unmarked form, that is, when it is indistinguishable from the indicative.
		A hallmark of the subjunctive is that tenses are often mixed – one says “I wish [present] she were [past?
		The mandative subjunctive in American and British English in the 20th century (Uppsala: University of Uppsala, ISBN 91-554-3675-5).
	www.ceafinney.com /subjunctive/guide.html (534 words)

	Mother Tongue Annoyances » Jimi Hendrix and the Subjunctive Mood (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The rules for making the subjunctive form of a verb (the present subjunctive, at any rate), are fairly straightforward.
		For the verb to be, we simply use be for all present tense subjunctive mood verbs and were for all past tense forms, regardless of whether the subject is singular or plural.
		In my opinion, the subjunctive is one of those grammatical elements that is often overlooked but is nevertheless important to master because skill in this area can add a high degree of polish to your speaking and writing.
	www.mtannoyances.com /?p=363 (888 words)

	The Subjunctive Mood
		An indicative verb makes a statement that is factual, whereas a verb in the subjunctive mood is used to indicate a situation or condition that is hypothetical, doubtful, or conditional.
		He is not currently submitting reports monthly, so we use the subjunctive mood to discuss the possibility--not the actuality--of his doing so.
		For all verbs except to be, the present subjunctive mood is most often made by omitting the characteristic s ending on verbs with third-person singular subjects.
	www.getitwriteonline.com /archive/073001.htm (524 words)

	Subjunctive versus indicative
		If we were to apply the logic of earlier posts in this thread, 'were' and 'was' would have to be classed as different verbs here, since the subjunctive 'were' in #1 shows 'diminished possibility', while the indicative 'was' in #2 shows fact.
		My point was that if 'may' and 'might' may be classed as separate verbs on the basis of 'diminished possibility' in the latter, so may these two parts of the verb 'to be', since in #1, the 'if that were' shows less possibility than the 'if that was' in #2.
		Therefore if the distinction between 'may' and 'might' rests upon 'diminished possibility', as stated in the passage JTT cites in the may/might thread, that in itself is no reason to class them as separate verbs.
	www.englishforums.com /English/SubjunctiveVersusIndicative/xqlj/Post.htm (1342 words)

	The Subjunctive
		The subjunctive is a special kind of present tense, using an infinitive that has no –s in the third person singular.
		She felt that it was necessary that she wrote a thank you letter to them.
		It is important to note that was can also be used (although still considered incorrect by some grammarians), and is, in fact, more common in informal English.
	www3.telus.net /linguisticsissues/subjunctive.html (650 words)

	The subjunctive mood in noun clauses
		In contrast to the indicative, the subjunctive mood (modo subjuntivo) is rarely used as the main verb of a sentence; it is used primarily in dependent (“subjoined”) clauses and to express a subjective view or the negation or the anticipation of an action or state.
		In the case of a subjective view, the action or state may in fact exist in reality; the emphasis, however, is on the reaction of the speaker.
		For purposes of this section on the subjunctive, noun clauses are dependent clauses which serve as the direct object or predicate complement of another verb (or as the subject of a verb), just as a noun can do.
	users.ipfw.edu /jehle/courses/subjnoun.htm (1139 words)

	SUBJUNCTIVE - KISWAHILI GRAMMAR NOTES
		The simplest form is made from the subject prefix + the verb stem with its final A changed to E in the case of Bantu verb stems, and no change in verb stems of non-Bantu origin.
		The subjunctive is used with all persons and noun classes; in general it conveys a wish or desire either stated or questioned.
		THE SUBJUNCTIVE WITH KA indicates that the action is to be carried out at some place other than that in which the words are spoken.
	research.yale.edu /swahili/serve_pages/grammar/subjunctive.php (691 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)