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Topic: Submillimetre astronomy

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	Submillimetre astronomy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Submillimetre astronomy or submillimeter astronomy (see spelling differences) is the branch of observational astronomy that is conducted at submillimetre wavelengths.
		Astronomers place the submillimetre waveband between the far-infrared and microwave wavebands, typically taken to be between a few hundred micrometres and a millimetre.
		Using submillimetre observations, astronomers examine molecular clouds and dark cloud cores with a goal of clarifying the process of star formation from earliest collapse to stellar birth.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Submillimetre_astronomy (569 words)

	United Kingdom Astronomy Technology Centre
		Submillimetre astronomy (at wavelengths of 200m m to 1mm) is most sensitive to cold gas and dust, with, for example, the flbody emission of a 10 K source peaking at around 300m m.
		Furthermore, some of the coldest phenomena are only seen in the submillimetre: an example is large-scale gas outflows from young stars, which extend far beyond the optical stellar jets and play an important role in the evolution of the surrounding cloud and further star formation.
		The enormous untapped potential of submillimetre astronomy is perhaps most clearly illustrated by considering the three main components that dominate the electromagnetic energy content of the Universe.
	www.roe.ac.uk /ukatc/projects/scubatwo/whatis/summary.html (4456 words)

	UK Astronomy
		The largest submillimetre telescope ever built, the James Clerk Maxwell in Hawaii, is a major factor in maintaining Britain's pre-eminent position in international radio astronomy.
		Submillimetre and millimetre astronomy had received relatively little attention prior to the advent of the JCMT.
		Submillimetre radiation escapes through these obscuring clouds even better than infra-red emissions and enables scientists using the JCMT to try and observe the birth of stars.
	www.britannia.com /newsbits/radoeye.html (903 words)

	Lecture0406
		Submillimetre Astronomy is an exciting new area of astronomy.
		This is one of the last areas of astronomy to be fully developed because of the technical challenges involved in the detection instrumentation needed to detect this radiation and the opacity of the earth’s atmosphere to this radiation.
		Submillimetre astronomy is primarily concerned with cold objects of the Universe such as the Interstellar Medium gas and dust, planetary and cometary bodies.
	www.astronomy.ie /lecture0406.html (267 words)

	ESA SP-314 contents (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		I.1 Submillimetre observations with the Kuiper Airborne Observatory 21
		III.1 The galactic centre in the submillimetre and far-infrared wavelengths:
		III.2 SOFIA, the stratospheric observatory for infrared astronomy 135
	www.rssd.esa.int /Herschel/Publ/1990/sp314-conts.html (575 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The submillimetre waveband is longer than visible or infrared light but shorter than radio.
		The submillimetre waveband also poses several engineering challenges that is like taking the engeneering cons of both radio and visble/infrared and combining them into submillimetre.
		Some of the first submillimetre observations was done in the 1960's with telescopes with primary dishes on the order of 1 meter across.
	www.jach.hawaii.edu /outreach/test/jcmttimeline (152 words)

	News
		Submillimetre wavelength astronomy allows the study of a number of astrophysical phenomena that do not emit much visible or infrared light.
		The telescope is fitted with sensitive submillimetre detectors and cameras, many of which were developed in collaboration with JPL, making it ideal for seeking out and observing the diffuse gases and their constituent molecules, crucial to understanding star formation.
		Submillimetre wavelengths (as short as two-tenths of a millimetre) are strongly absorbed by the water vapour in the atmosphere.
	www.astronomynow.com /news/040309_25_metre_scope.shtml (957 words)

	THE JCMT - USING SOME HOT NEW INSTRUMENTS TO FIND OUT WHAT'S COOL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Because of its low temperature such matter emits most strongly at submillimetre wavelengths, both as continuum radiation from dust and in the form of thousands of spectral lines arising from the rotational and fine-structure transitions of molecules and atoms.
		At submillimetre wavelengths the dust emission is polarized with the E-vector perpendicular to the field.
		An advantage of measuring the polarization at submillimetre wavelengths is that the emission is optically thin regardless of the visual extinction.
	www.astro.ubc.ca /E-Cass/1998-ME/Avery/y.html (1551 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| Distant star bursts provide key to the origin of galaxies
		Scientists from the UK Astronomy Technology Centre (UK ATC) and the University of Edinburgh have been targeting the biggest and most distant galaxies in the Universe with the world's most sensitive submillimetre camera, SCUBA.
		Submillimetre radiation is emitted in the region of the electromagnetic spectrum which lies between infrared light and radio waves.
		It is operated by the Joint Astronomy Centre, on behalf of the UK Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council, the Canadian National Research Council, and the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research.
	spaceflightnow.com /news/n0309/19galaxies (1638 words)

	Cavendish Astrophysics
		Submillimetre and Millimetre Wave Astronomy, G.D. Watt, A.S. Webster, Kluwer, 263.
		High-resolution millimetre and submillimetre continuum observations of M17SW-II.
		Submillimetre continuum images of the NGC 2024 star-forming ridge.
	www.mrao.cam.ac.uk /publications/namesdir/rachael.htm (1008 words)

	Professor G.R.Davis: James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		At submillimetre wavelengths, the transmittance of the terrestrial atmosphere is determined primarily by the amount of water vapour in the line of sight.
		The JCMT is operated by the Joint Astronomy Centre in Hilo, Hawaii on behalf of the parent organizations: the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council in the United Kingdom, the National Research Council of Canada and The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research.
		The objective of this campaign of observations is to measure the emission spectra of the planets in the submillimetre and near-millimetre windows.
	physics.usask.ca /~davis/jcmt.html (1132 words)

	Cavendish Astrophysics
		Millimetre and submillimetre receivers for the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope.
		Precise beam pattern measurements at submillimetre wavelengths using superconducting tunnel-junctions.
		Submillimetre observations of luminous z>4 radio-quiet quasars and the contribution of AGN to the submm source population.
	www.mrao.cam.ac.uk /publications/namesdir/stafford.htm (1569 words)

	Frontiers - Update
		The submillimetre waveband (at wavelengths of about 0.2 to 1 millimetre) is used to study objects that are often completely invisible to more traditional optical telescopes.
		The submillimetre waveband is most sensitive to cold gas and dust, which is often associated with objects in formation — that is, the mysterious earliest evolutionary stages of galaxies, stars and planets.
		Given that 5 years ago we had only the equivalent of a single pixel on the sky, submillimetre astronomy has come a long way.
	www.pparc.ac.uk /frontiers/latest/update.asp?article=15U4&style=update (688 words)

	ZoomInfo Web Summary: Sun Kwok (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Sun Kwok is faculty professor at the University of Calgary and distinguished research fellow of the Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica of Taiwan.
		Sun Kwok is a professor of astronomy at the University of Calgary and Killam Fellow of the Canada Council for the Arts.
		He is the principal investigator of the submillimetre-wave astronomy mission Odin, which was successfully launched in 2001.
	www.zoominfo.com /directory/Kwok_Sun_301016014.htm (280 words)

	Working groups
		The Radio Astronomy Department is subdivided into a number of working groups, which reflect a broad spectrum of interests.
		The Radio Astronomy Department of the AIfA works in a close cooperation within the Cologne Observatory for Submillimetre Astronomy (KOSMA).
		Together with the I. Physikalische Institut of the University of Cologne we operate a 3-m submillimetre telescope on top of the Gornergrat near Zermatt/Switzerland at an altitude of 3125 m (9000 ft).
	www.astro.uni-bonn.de /~webrai/english/research_groups.php (664 words)

	OPEN DISCUSSION MEETING OF THE RAS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Access to sub-arcsecond astronomy is via a link to the Smithsonian Submillimetre Array (SMA) and is extremely important both for its scientific promise and also for enabling the community to become better used to interferometers well before the ALMA era, something that we need to consider in a strategic light.
		Astronomy is a very competitive subject and we should not expect to be more than just another member of ESO unless we use the resources for supporting the UK astronomy base as effectively as possible in order to give us a competitive edge over other ESO member countries.
		Of course what's happened since then is that some areas of ground-based astronomy, for example, the radio, have moved to the stage where they need the sort of large-scale collaboration which particle physics and space colleagues have been in for some years, and just as their collaborations work so ESO can work.
	www.ulo.ucl.ac.uk /obsmag/ras/ras_eso.html (10934 words)

	What I do for a living.... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		In terms of astronomy research my main interest can be summarised as star formation.
		data reduction pipeline in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of British Columbia.
		Laboratory for Millimeter-wave Astronomy at the University of Maryland, College Park.
	www.astro.ubc.ca /~agg/research.html (202 words)

	Space Astronomy Laboratory: Odin
		Odin is an international astronomy and aeronomy mission led by Sweden, with Canada, France, and Finland as partners.
		Canada has a 20% share in both aspects of the mission, with funding provided by The Canadian Space Agency and by The Natural Science and Engineering Research Council.
		Dr. Kwok is the Principal Investigator for Astronomy in Canada.
	www.iras.ucalgary.ca /~sat/Odin (267 words)

	intas 93-2168 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The aims of this project are to investigate the general properties of dense cores in interstellar molecular clouds which represent sites of active star formation, to model individual cores and to search for collapsing objects in these regions.
		The expected results of these tasks are the increased capabilities of the millimetre and submillimetre wave astronomy in Russia and Ukraine.
		From the scientific measurements to be performed reliable estimates of the physical and chemical conditions in regions of active star formation and some other astronomical objects are expected.
	www.intas.be /catalog/93-2168.htm (799 words)

	D. A. Naylor, University of Lethbridge Physics Department
		I am involved with various projects in the field of submillimetre astronomy.
		In collaboration with a team of colleagues, I am engaged in a campaign of observations to measure the emission spectra of the planets, as well as galactic and extra-galactic sources, in the submillimetre and near-millimetre windows.
		Our group is designing a prototype Infrared Radiometer for Millimetre Astronomy (IRMA) that will provide the fast and accurate measurements of atmospheric water vapour required for the ALMA project.
	www.uleth.ca /phy/naylor/index.shtml (313 words)

	Joint Astronomy Centre
		SCUBA is the world's most advanced submillimetre camera and was installed on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) on Mauna Kea in 1996.
		The submillimetre region ranges from wavelengths of about one twenty-fifth of an inch to about one hundredth of an inch (by comparison a microwave oven uses wavelengths of around one third of an inch).
		The submillimetre is the domain of the very coldest bodies in space.
	outreach.jach.hawaii.edu /articles/scubarev (1024 words)

	Submillimeter Wave Astrophysics at Caltech (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Submillimeter wave astronomy is a relatively new branch of astronomy that studies celestial objects using the submillimeter band of the electromagnetic spectrum, which ranges from 0.1 millimeters to 1.0 millimeters (300 GHz to 3000 GHz).
		This band, which lies between the far infrared and high-frequency radio bands, contains valuable astonomical data (in form of both continuum emissions and molecular radiations), but has been unavailable to astronomers until recently because most of the radiation is blocked by the Earth's atmosphere.
		The Caltech group is also working on instruments for a new space telescope, the Herschel Space Observatory, or HSO (formerly known as FIRST), and an airborne observatory aboard a Boeing 747SP, SOFIA.
	www.submm.caltech.edu (140 words)

	Joint Astronomy Centre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Joint Astronomy Centre (JAC) is located in Hilo, on the east coast of the Big Island of Hawai`i, and we operate two of the telescopes on Mauna Kea ('White Mountain' in Hawaiian).
		The United Kingdom Infra-Red Telescope (UKIRT) is the world's largest dedicated infra-red telescope, and the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) is the largest operating in submillimetre astronomy.
		The Joint Astronomy Centre is supported by the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC) in the UK, the National Research Council (NRC) in Canada, and the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO).
	outreach.jach.hawaii.edu /articles/aboutjac (144 words)

	Astronomy links
		Radio astronomy and practical matters are a bit under-emphasized.
		Radio astronomy and interferometry is only briefly covered.
		Excellent and up-to-date textbook on radio astronomy with single-dish telescopes and a good introduction to radio astronomy.
	www.strw.leidenuniv.nl /~pvdwerf/teaching/awt2/awt2_literature.html (845 words)

	Glenn White Publication List
		A submillimetre continuum study of S140/L1204: the detection of three new submillimetre sources and a self-consistent model for the region.
		Submillimetre wavelength continuum observations of W3 with the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope.
		Observations of the Orion Nebula in the J=1-0 transition of CO Astronomy and Astrophysics, 91, 257.
	yan.open.ac.uk /~gjwhite/gw/publications/publications.htm (5178 words)

	Cnes - A dual-purpose minisatellite (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		ODIN covers two scientific missions : astronomy and aeronomy, which is the science of studying the atmosphere's chemistry.
		Today, we was observe a broad spectrum of frequencies from gamma radiation, characteristic of extreme phenomena like exploding stard, to submillimetre waves emitted by cold objects like Earth's atmosphere of star-forming regions of space.
		ODIN is paving the way for future submillimetre astronomy mission, in particular ESA's Herschel mission scheduled for launch early in 2008.
	www.cnes.fr /html/_455_461_1492_1493_.php (217 words)

	RadioNet: Networking Activities - ALMA Forum
		With its unprecedented sensitivity and angular resolution, ALMA is expected to bring major advances in nearly all fields of astronomy, and in particular in our understanding of the history of star formation in the Universe and of the physics and chemistry underlying the formation of galaxies, stars and planetary systems.
		A major objective between now and 2007 is to foster and structure the European astronomical community around the ALMA project and to prepare young European astronomers both technically and scientifically for the optimum use of ALMA.
		Since some European countries have strong expertise in interferometry at submillimetre, radio and/or optical wavelengths, while others have none, there is an urgent need to share expertise, and to strengthen existing development activities around the ALMA project in Europe.
	www.radionet-eu.org /na/na6.php (322 words)

	[No title]
		Submillimetre maps of the edge-on galaxy NGC 891, Israel, F. P.; van der Werf, P. P.; Tilanus, R., Astronomy and Astrophysics, 344, L83
		Millimetre and submillimetre continuum observations of the core and hotspots of Cygnus A, Robson, E. I.; Leeuw, L. L.; Stevens, J. A.; Holland, W., Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 301, 935
		High-resolution millimetre and submillimetre continuum observations of M17SW.
	www.jach.hawaii.edu /JCMT/publications/staff_publications.html (6037 words)

	JCMT Support Astronomer/Software Engineer ID #22094 - JOINT ASTRONOMY CENTRE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Joint Astronomy Centre operates two of the world's major telescopes near the summit of Mauna Kea on the Big Island of Hawaii: the United Kingdom Infrared Telescope (UKIRT) and the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT).
		JCMT occupies the leading position in submillimetre astronomy, producing the most sensitive submillimetre imaging in the world; this position will be maintained through the JCMT's strong future instrumentation programme.
		Ph.D. in Astronomy (or related field) from an accredited college or university.
	www.aas.org /jobreg/backissues/2002/march/no12614.html (299 words)

	NAM99 - TALKS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		It is not often that one can say with sincerity that an instrument has caused a revolution is a branch of astronomy, but in this case it is quite clear that SCUBA has, in the two fields of potential early planetary systems, and the history of star formation at high redshifts.
		Furthermore, one of the main reasons for building SCUBA, understanding the earliest phases of star formation, is now well under way with a range of programmes that will almost certainly lead to the third revolution.
		SCUBA is clearly setting the standard for all submillimetre astronomy, and being a British instrument we should be immensely proud.
	www.star.ucl.ac.uk /~idh/NAM99/IROBSON.html (160 words)

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