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Topic: Submucosa

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	Patent 7,147,871
		Briefly, stomach submucosa is prepared from a segment of stomach in a procedure similar to the preparation of intestinal submucosa.
		To produce the solubilized forms of submucosa utilized to form the gel compositions of the present invention, the submucosa is treated with a disruptive agent that solubilizes the submucosa without substantial destruction of the collagen components of the submucosa.
		The supernatant, comprising solubilized submucosa is recovered and the insoluble pellet discarded.
	www.pharmcast.com /Patents100/Yr2006/Dec2006/121206/7147871_Submucosa121206.htm (4460 words)

	Patent 7,175,841
		In one preferred embodiment of the present invention the intestinal submucosal tissue comprises the tunica submucosa and basilar portions of the tunica mucosa including the lamina muscularis mucosa and the stratum compactum which layers are known to vary in thickness and in definition dependent on the source vertebrate species.
		The tissue graft construct comprises tunica submucosa delaminated from both the tunica muscularis and at least the luminal portion of the tunica mucosa of vertebrate intestinal tissue combined with a preselected population of cells.
		In one embodiment, the improved tissue graft construct of the present invention comprises tunica submucosa delaminated from both the tunica muscularis and at least the luminal portion of the tunica mucosa of vertebrate intestinal tissue and a population of primary cells selected from the group consisting of endothelial cells, keratinocytes and mesenchymal cells.
	www.pharmcast.com /Patents100/Yr2007/Feb2007/021307/7175841_Submucosal021307.htm (3912 words)

	The Digestive System
		The submucosa is a layer of loose connective tissue containing the large blood and lymph vessels and nerves, and lies between the mucosa and muscularis externa.
		Glands of various types are present in the mucosa, submucosa, or as separate structures (i.e., liver, pancreas) outside the digestive tube.
		Autonomic nerve plexi and ganglia are present in the submucosa (Submucosal or Meissner's plexus) and between the muscle layers (Myenteric or Auerbach's plexus).
	ect.downstate.edu /courseware/histomanual/digestive.html (2983 words)

	Exercise18: Esophagus and Stomach
		The tunica submucosa is another CT layer; it's more compact and robust than the lamina propria, and in it you will find blood vessels, nerve fibers, the usual complement of CT cells, and in some locations lymphatic structures or exocrine glands.
		Outboard of the submucosa, there are two (sometimes three) layers of muscle, the tunica muscularis externa, whose contractions are the propulsive mechanism for the food bolus or for the emptying of the organ.
		The separation of the lamina propria from the submucosa is not so complete as it is in other regions of the alimentary canal, but nevertheless the muscularis mucosae is present and defines the two layers.
	education.vetmed.vt.edu /Curriculum/VM8054/Labs/Lab18/Lab18.htm (4075 words)

	SIU SOM Histology GI
		Lamina propria is generally not as fibrous as the deeper connective tissue of submucosa.
		The substance of the submucosa is ordinary loose connective tissue.
		The muscularis externa ("muscularis" for short) is the muscular wall of the GI tract, deep to (surrounding) the submucosa.
	www.siumed.edu /~dking2/erg/giguide.htm (3353 words)

	Laboratory Eighteen: Stomach, Small and Large Intestines
		Identify the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa.
		The wall of the colon is structurally similar to the intestine, with a mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa.
		The walls of the rectum and the anal canal are similar to that seen in the colon and consists of a mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and serosa or adventitia.
	medinfo.ufl.edu /year1/histo/review/lab18.html (1761 words)

	The Small Intestine
		The mucosa can be distinguished from the submucosa because of the abundance of Brunner’s glands in the latter; they have picked up the PAS stain and appear as red circles.
		This large fold in the submucosa raises the overlying mucosa with its villi and crypts.
		The mucosa, submucosa and muscularis externa are shown completely, a bit of the serosa or adventitia is shown at the lower right.
	courseweb.edteched.uottawa.ca /medicine-histology/English/Gastrointestinal/Gastro_Small_Intest.htm (2439 words)

	FRS: Uterus: Function & Histology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The endometrium comprises the tunica mucosa and the tunica submucosa of the uterus.
		It blends with the underlying tunica submucosa since there is no lamina muscularis mucosae in the entire female reproductive tract.
		Distal portions of the glands are in the lamina propria/tunica submucosa.
	www.cvm.okstate.edu /instruction/mm_curr/histology/fr/HiFRp13.htm (551 words)

	[No title]
		The submucosa consists of a loose fibroelastic layer beneath the mucosa.
		In the submucosa are located Brunner's glands which are a characteristic feature of this portion of the small intestines.
		a = villus, b = lymphatic nodule, c = submucosa in the plica circularis, d = crypts of Lieberkuhn, e a lymphatic vesicle in the submucosa, f = inner circular layer of the muscularis externa, g = Auerbach's plexus, h = outer longitudinal layer of the muscularis externa, i = serosa, j = mesentery.
	www.georgetown.edu /dml/educ/hist/lab9/lab9.txt (1808 words)

	Cardiovascular and Defense
		At the other end of the GI tract at the rectal-anal junction, this transition from simple columnar to stratified squamous is accomplished through a short bridging stretch of pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
		The parietal cells are fried-egg shaped, the chief cells have obvious granules and the ones that are left are the mucous neck cells, with pale staining cytoplasm.
		For the duodenum example, there is a strange structuring of the submucosa in the duodenum example, that may represent Brunner’s glands, but you would never know it.
	www.fsu.edu /~histo/nin~1.htm (4508 words)

	[No title]
		Submucosa The submucosa is a more extensive layer of connective tissue than the lamina propria of the mucosa and it is bounded on the mucosa side by the muscularis mucosae and on the other side by the inner layer of the muscularis externa.
		Glands may be found in the submucosa and their ducts empty into the lumen.
		In addition, this short section of the small intestine (about 12 inches) has glands in the submucosa which along with villi and goblet cells are distinctive of the duodenum.
	www.holycross.edu /departments/biology/whealy/notes_text/bj.text (1425 words)

	NSDL Metadata Record -- A two-layered mechanical model of the rat esophagus. Experiment and theory
		Abstract Background The function of esophagus is to move food by peristaltic motion which is the result of the interaction of the tissue forces in the esophageal wall and the hydrodynamic forces in the food bolus.
		In this paper, the esophagus is treated as a two-layered structure consisting of an inner collagen-rich submucosa layer and an outer muscle layer.
		We developed a model and experimental setup for determination of elastic moduli in the two layers in circumferential direction and related the measured elastic modulus of the intact esophagus to the elastic modulus computed from the elastic moduli of the two layers.
	nsdl.org /mr/678337 (317 words)

	20. Digestive System
		Lymph nodules are scattered in the submucosa near the junction with the mucosa (the fl masses in the submucosa in the 0 magnification picture above).
		Find the muscularis mucosa, the submucosa with rich venous plexus (some distended into hemorrhoids), the cross sections of the inner circular muscle layer, and the longitudinally sectioned fibers of the outer longitudinal muscle layer.
		The rugae are composed of a ridge of submucosa overlain by mucosa.
	neuromedia.neurobio.ucla.edu /campbell/digestive/wp.htm (3219 words)

	COOK SIS Technology \| Scientific Information \| Non-Clinical References
		Featherstone HJ, Sansom J, Heinrich CL. "The use of porcine small intestinal submucosa in ten cases of feline corneal disease," Veterinary Ophthalmology, 2001; 4:147-153.
		Griguer F, Raymond I, Regnier A. "Preliminary evaluation of the biocompatibility of the small intestinal submucosa (SIS) biomaterial with the rabbit cornea [French]," Revue Medicine Vet, 2001; 152:597-604.
		"Biocompatibility of small-intestinal submucosa in urinary tract as augmentation cystoplasty graft and injectable suspension," Journal of Endourology, 1994; 8:125-130.
	www.cook-sis.com /sci/ref2.html (3166 words)

	LLU - GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
		The wall of the alimentary tract is described in 4 layers: the mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and adventitia.
		Glands that empty their secretions into the lumen may be found in the mucosa, submucosa, or even outside the organ (for example, the pancreas).
		B. Submucosa, muscularis, and serosa follow the general plan of organization, except that in some regions an outer circular layer of smooth muscle is added.
	www.llu.edu /llu/medicine/anatomy/glossary/syllabus/GI.htm (2539 words)

	S.I.E.D. - Società Italiana Endoscopia Digestiva - Correlation of endoscopic optical coherence tomography with ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		During clinical trials, the structure of mucosa and submucosa, glands, blood vessels, pits, villi, and crypts was observed in a range of GI organs.
		Furthermore, the submucosa and the muscularis propria could be identified as the next deepest hyporeflective band and a hyper-reflective layer, respectively, in EOCT images.
		The submucosa was found to be more compressible than mucosa, and its EOCT appearance was dependent on its content of adipose tissue.
	www.sied.it /nuke6/html/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=2626 (336 words)

	LLU histology glossary - Oral histology
		The vermilion border (red part) forms the transition from the epidermis (stratified squamous keratinized epithelium) on the outside with the non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium of the oral mucosa on the inside.
		In the oral cavity and continuing through the esophagus the epithelium is stratified squamous non-keratinized except where the mucosa is tightly adherent to underlying bone (the masticatory mucosa).
		The submucosa is most evident in the lip, soft palate and the lateral parts of the hard palate and pharynx.
	www.llu.edu /llu/medicine/anatomy/glossary/Ans73_79.htm (676 words)

	LI6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Disproportionate inflammation is characterized by inflammatory infiltrate in the submucosa which is denser than the inflammation in the overlying mucosa (eg.
		Inflammation in the submucosa with almost normal mucosa may be present adjacent to a diverticulum or abscess, in a deep flask- shaped ulcer of amoebiasis, at the edge of a fissure and in tuberculosis.
		Blood vessels in the submucosa should also be examined in suspected cases of angiodysplasia.
	www.geocities.com /sampurnaroy2000/LI6 (722 words)

	Rubbia-Brandt L, et al. An Unusual Case of Gastric Heterotopic Pancreas. JOP. J Pancreas (Online) 2004; 5(6):484-487. ...
		The cysts corresponded to a dilated duct with erosions and inflammation located essentially in the submucosa and in the muscle layer.
		Large gastric mass originating from within the submucosa and muscle layer (yellow arrow) with cystic spaces (green arrow).
		Gastric lesions are located in the antrum in 85-95% of cases and originate from the submucosa in two-thirds of cases, the remaining being localized in the muscularis mucosae or the subserosal layer [8].
	www.joplink.net /prev/200411/05.html (1314 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Note the esophageal glands proper in the submucosa and the inner circular and outer longitudinal layers of the muscular tunic.
		To the left of the submucosa are the two layers of the muscular tunic.
		Brunners' glands are present in the submucosa of the duodenum.
	www.georgetown.edu /dml/educ/micro/gastro/gastro.txt (995 words)

	Microscopic Description -- Case 189 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The biopsy specimen consists of a portion of cecal mucosa with a portion of underlying submucosa with several larger submucosal vessels.
		Examination of the surface of the biopsy demonstrates colonic epithelium with goblet cells and moderately distorted crypts.
		Examination of the submucosa reveals edema and numerous small vessels which display varying amounts of neutrophilic infiltration and destruction of the vascular wall.
	www.path.upmc.edu /cases/case189/micro.html (153 words)

	Untitled
		mucosa - submucosa - muscularis - serosa b.
		submucosa - serosa - mucosa - muscularis d.
		The peritoneal fold that hangs over the front of the intestine and stores large quantities of fat is called the: a.
	www2.sunysuffolk.edu /kisield/21022891.htm (876 words)

	Lab Exercises- Intestine
		The submucosa is the red connective tissue, seen best in the left of this photo.
		Recall that the red granules of the enteroendocrine cells are pointed towards the blood vessels in the lamina propria.
		Other layers of the colon are similar to the submucosa and muscularis of the rest of the gut.
	www.cytochemistry.net /microanatomy/digestive/Intestine.htm (840 words)

	Using CT to Diagnose Nonneoplastic Tracheal Abnormalities: Appearanceof the Tracheal Wall -- Webb et al. 174 (5): 1315 ...
		Mucosa and submucosa internal to cartilage are thin and difficult to see on CT scan.
		Slight thickening of mucosa and submucosa caused by granulation tissue or fibrosis is also visible internal to cartilage.
		submucosa of the trachea and bronchial walls, is rare.
	www.ajronline.org /cgi/content/full/174/5/1315 (2036 words)

	SMALL INTESTINE SUBMUCOSA:
		"The use of xenogeneic small intestinal submucosa as a biomaterial for Achille's tendon repair in a dog model." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 29: 977-985.
		"Comparison of the resistance to infection of intestinal submucosa arterial autografts versus polytetrafluoroethylene arterial prostheses in a dog model." Journal of Vascular Surgery 19: 465-472.
		"Characterization of small intestinal submucosa regenerated canine detrusor: assessment of reinnervation, in vitro compliance and contractility." Journal of Urology 156: 599-607.
	www.eng.miami.edu /~dgloeckn/Submucosa.html (1731 words)

	BioMedical Engineering OnLine \| Full text \| A two-layered mechanical model of the rat esophagus. Experiment and theory
		The function of esophagus is to move food by peristaltic motion which is the result of the interaction of the tissue forces in the esophageal wall and the hydrodynamic forces in the food bolus.
		Furthermore, the modulus is significantly higher in the submucosa layer than in the muscle layer and the intact esophagus as predicted from figure 2 (middle).
		The opening angle of the inner submucosa layer is larger than that of the outer muscle layer which agrees with our previous report [1,3] and layered artery [22,23].
	www.biomedical-engineering-online.com /content/3/1/40 (4051 words)

	eMJA: The contribution of airway structure to early childhood asthma (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This plexus is connected by vessels passing through the muscle to a plexus of smaller vessels in the submucosa (see Box).
		The vessels in the submucosa (a) are smaller than the vessels in the adventitia (c), and the vessels that pass through the muscle layer (b) connect them.
		These two sets of vessels are perfused in series, providing a basis for a difference in the nature of the inflammatory reaction in the submucosa and lumen compared with the peribronchiolar space.
	www.mja.com.au /public/issues/177_06_160902/mck10225_fm.html (2070 words)

	Tubulovillous polyp (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		This polyp is ususually dark because of the bleeding into the mucosa and submucosa caused by the abortive attempts at endoscopic removal.
		Resembling congealed beef buillon, the hemorrhagic submucosa of the stalk and colon wall proper is set off strikingly from the pale ribbon of mucosa that covers it.
		Both photos were taken with a Minolta X-370 with 100mm Rokkor bellows lens, illuminated by 4 photofloods, on Kodak Elite ISO 100 daylight slide film, with 80B blue filter to compensate for tungsten color temperature.
	www.geocities.com /hotsprings/falls/7780/images/tvp.html (385 words)

	Early Colorectal Cancer with Special Reference to the Superficial Nonpolypoid Type from a Histopathologic Point of View
		Early colorectal carcinoma was defined as adenocarcinoma limited to the mucosa or submucosa [14].
		However, if we confine our discussion to “submucosal carcinomas” (those invading the submucosa), the incidence of the superficial type ranged from 32% to 41% [21 22 23] in earlier studies and was 27% (112/414) in the present series, indicating that superficial-type carcinoma is not rare.
		This rapid growth to the submucosa is characteristic of the superficial type lesion with a central depression.
	www.crossref.org /01company/demos/springer/body.html (3444 words)

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