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Topic: Subnet

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	IP Subnet Calculations
		The default subnet mask for a class B is 255.255.0.0.
		Many subnets are physically isolated from the rest of the network by a device such as a router or a switch.
		To subnet, the default subnet mask for a network is extended to cover bits of the address that would otherwise be part of the host field.
	www.swcp.com /~jgentry/topo/unit3.htm (1664 words)

	What is subnet? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		On TCP/IP networks, subnets are defined as all devices whose IP addresses have the same prefix.
		Dividing a network into subnets is useful for both security and performance reasons.
		IP networks are divided using a subnet mask.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/s/subnet.html (84 words)

	Welcome to the SUBNET info resource :-)
		The subnet is a network that is a component of a larger network Subnet address: An extension of the IP addressing scheme allowing a site to use a single IP network address for multiple physical networks Subnet Mask: A bit mask used to select bits from an IP address for subnet addressing.
		The Subnet Mask is the part of the IP address which is used to represent a subnetwork within a network.
		The bits of the subnet mask are set to 1 if the device examining the address should treat the corresponding bit in the Internet address as part of the original network number or part of the subnet number.
	www.angelfire.com /mb/nortel/26.htm (573 words)

	Subnet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		RFC 1219 On the Assignment of Subnet Numbers.
		RFC 0626 On a Possible Lockup Condition in IMP Subnet Due to Message Sequencing.
		RFC 1878 Variable Length Subnet Table For IPv4.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Subnet.html (127 words)

	Cisco - Host and Subnet Quantities
		A subnet mask defines which portion of the address is used to identify the network and which denotes the hosts.
		Note: The subnet zero and all-ones subnet are included in the effective number of subnets as shown in the third column.
		Normally a host-id of all zeros is used to represent the network or subnet, and a host-id of all ones is used to represent a directed broadcast.
	www.cisco.com /warp/public/701/8.html (864 words)

	Internet Protocols (IP)
		Subnetting provides the network administrator with several benefits, including extra flexibility, more efficient use of network addresses, and the capability to contain broadcast traffic (a broadcast will not cross a router).
		Subnet mask bits should come from the high-order (left-most) bits of the host field, as illustrates.
		The default subnet mask for a Class B address that has no subnetting is 255.255.0.0, while the subnet mask for a Class B address 171.16.0.0 that specifies eight bits of subnetting is 255.255.255.0.
	www.cisco.com /univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/ip.htm (3948 words)

	Cisco - Subnet Zero and the All-Ones Subnet
		Subnetting has guidelines regarding the use of the first and the last subnets, known as subnet zero and the all-ones subnet, respectively.
		Using subnet zero for addressing was discouraged because of the confusion inherent in having a network and a subnet with indistinguishable addresses.
		Note that this subnet address is identical to network address 172.16.0.0, which was subnetted in the first place, so whenever you perform subnetting, you get a network and a subnet (subnet zero) with indistinguishable addresses.
	www.cisco.com /warp/public/105/40.html (1378 words)

	Subnet Masking and Addressing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		The subnet masks are also identified by the number of bits in the mask.
		Use subnet information to ensure that your host addresses are in the same subnet and that you are not accidentally using a network or broadcast address for a host.
		Another use for subnet mask information is for network planning when an Internet service provider (ISP) gives you a limited number of IP addresses and requires you to use a specific subnet mask.
	www.cisco.com /univercd/cc/td/doc/product/iaabu/pix/pix_v42/pix42cfg/pix42ape.htm (623 words)

	TCP/IP Host, Subnet calculation: CCNA practice questions
		You have an IP of 156.233.42.56 with a subnet mask of 7 bits.
		Class B network has the form N.N.H.H, the default subnet mask is 16 bits long.
		There is additional 7 bits to the default subnet mask.
	www.simulationexams.com /SampleQuestions/ccna_q2.htm (83 words)

	More Restrictive Subnet Masks
		When a bitwise logical AND operation is performed between the subnet mask and IP address, the result defines the Subnet Address (also called the Network Address or Network Number).
		Multiplying the number of subnets by the number of nodes available per subnet gives you the total number of nodes available for your class and subnet mask.
		You can calculate the Subnet Address by performing a bitwise logical AND operation between the IP address and the subnet mask, then setting all the host bits to 0s.
	www.ralphb.net /IPSubnet/restr.html (448 words)

	[No title]
		The subnet from which the request originates can be determined by: o Using the subnet address of the giaddr field in the DHCP packet header, or if the giaddr field is zero; o Using the subnet address of the local interface on which the DHCP server received the packet.
		The subnet selection option instructs the DHCP server to allocate the address on the requested subnet as opposed to the normal operation of allocating the address on the subnet from which the DHCP request originated.
		The value for the subnet address is determined by taking any IPv4 address on the subnet and ANDing that address with the subnet mask (i.e.: the network and subnet bits are left alone and the remaining (address) bits are set to zero).
	www.ietf.org /rfc/rfc3011.txt (1437 words)

	Zvon - RFC 1219 [On the Assignment of Subnet Numbers] - A More Flexible and Efficient Technique for Assigning Subnet ...
		In this case, the full range of subnet numbers would not be available to the small subnets, as the bits in the small subnet that correspond to those in the large subnet could not have the same values as those in the large subnets.
		If the large subnets had values 0001 and 0010, then subnet numbers in the range 00010000 to 00101111 could not be assigned to the small subnets, otherwise there will be addresses that would match both subnets.
		Further, if a subnet's mask must change, but not all hosts are reconfigured at the same time, then it is less damaging if the not yet reconfigured hosts have too large a mask (too many ones) than if they have too small a mask.
	www.zvon.org /tmRFC/RFC1219/Output/chapter2.html (2675 words)

	Subnet Masking Summary
		Subnet masking is possibly the hardest sub-topic of TCP/IP to learn, but it can be essential to make your network behave the way you need it to.
		For example, with a class C subnet, if you're checking the validity of the IP address 198.204.35.160 with a mask of 255.255.255.224, if you forget that the first IP in that range is invalid, you will incorrectly think that there's nothing wrong with that address and subnet mask combination.
		It will make the subnetting questions easy that might otherwise be quite difficult, save you a great deal of time that you can use on other questions, it will increase the accuracy of your answers.
	www.exabyte.net /lambert/subnet/subnet_masking_summary.htm (1101 words)

	Online IP Subnet Calculator
		Results of the subnet calculation provide the hexadecimal IP address, the wildcard mask, for use with ACL (Access Control Lists), subnet ID, broadcast address, the subnet address range for the resulting subnet network and a subnet bitmap.
		The subnet calculator allows the use of a single subnet bit - for example, a class C address with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.128 is permitted.
		The subnet calculator allows a subnet ID to have its final octet equal to the final octet of its subnet mask - for example, a class C network address of 192.168.0.192 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.192 is permitted.
	www.subnet-calculator.com (293 words)

	IP Addresses, Subnet Masks, and Subnetting (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Address overlap of this sort is usually not allowed between two physical subnets: unless the router was specifically configured to "pretend" it was every address on 192.168.2.0 for its left-side interface in the diagram, it would be impossible for hosts on one side of the router to communicate with hosts on the other side.
		In this diagram, the 192.168.2.0 subnet is known as a "stub subnet"; the process of pretending you are hosts you're not, in order to facilitate routing packets to a stub subnet, is known as "proxy arp." No two hosts on the Internet can have the same IP address.
		Subnet masks are often abbreviated using a forward slash "/" and the number of ones in the mask.
	home.earthlink.net /~mara07/IPAddresses.htm (2701 words)

	Dummies::Unmasking the Subnet Mask for the CCNA Exam (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A subnet mask, which contains a binary bit pattern of ones and zeros, is applied to an address to extract the network ID for purposes of determining whether an address is on the local network.
		The function of a subnet mask is to extract the network ID portion of an IP destination address and determine whether an IP address exists on the local network or whether it must be routed outside the local network.
		The default standard Class C subnet mask is 255.255.255.0 and its binary equivalent is 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000.
	www.dummies.com /WileyCDA/DummiesArticle/id-2265.html (516 words)

	subnet - a Whatis.com definition - see also: subnet mask (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Typically, a subnet may represent all the machines at one geographic location, in one building, or on the same local area network (LAN).
		Using the previous example (which is a very typical case), the combined network number and subnet number occupy 24 bits or three of the quads.
		If you have the job of creating subnets for an organization (an activity called subnetting) and specifying subnet masks, your job may be simple or complicated depending on the size and complexity of your organization and other factors.
	searchnetworking.techtarget.com /sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci213065,00.html (843 words)

	subnet mask : Java Glossary
		The subnet mask is a binary number expressed as a dotted quad to help determine how the IP number is composed.
		This would allow 1,048,574 different possible host addresses (not 1,048,576 because the addresses consisting of all zeros and all ones are reserved.) and 4 bits for subnet addresses i.e.
		The ISP is keeping this class C licence group as one subnet.
	www.mindprod.com /jgloss/subnetmask.html (481 words)

	IFSM 452/652 - Subnet Masking (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		An assigned subnet mask is assigned to the entire network, and allows the division of the host addresses into subnetworks.
		Neither the subnet address nor the entire host address can be set to either all 1's or all 0's, so the first valid subnet address would be 0001; the remainder of the third byte can be set to 0's as long as the fourth byte is not all 0's.
		Thus the first valid subnet and host address would be (in binary): 0001 0000.0000 0001, which in decimal is 16.1.
	userpages.umbc.edu /~rdiamond/i652-3.htm (547 words)

	Subnet Addressing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		A subnet mask (or number) is used to determine the number of bits used for the subnet and host portions of the address.
		Subnetting can help overcome distance limitations of physical networks by dividing up a physical network into individually addressed networks so they can be connected logically with routers.
		For instance, a subnet of 7 (all one bits) is reserved for an all subnets-directed broadcast (a broadcast sent to all subnets of the specified subnetted network) when the host bits are all one.
	www.networkcomputing.com /unixworld/tutorial/001.html (1688 words)

	Subnet Masking Definition
		TCP/IP communication between computers is divided into packets with headers (electronic address labels) that identify the IP address of the computer a packet is coming from, and the IP address of the computer it is going to (the destination).
		Here's a key point: A subnet mask is used both when a LAN is subdivided, and when it is not subdivided (a single LAN segment).
		In this case, the client ID portion of the IP address (the z in the w.x.y.z format) is not divided, and all 8 binary digits are used to identify a specific computer on the LAN segment.
	www.exabyte.net /lambert/subnet/subnet_masking_definition.htm (599 words)

	RFC 2526 (rfc2526) - Reserved IPv6 Subnet Anycast Addresses
		The construction of a reserved subnet anycast address depends on the type of IPv6 addresses used within the subnet, as indicated by the format prefix in the addresses.
		The interface identifier field in these reserved subnet anycast addresses is formed from a 7-bit anycast identifier ("anycast ID"), with the remaining (highest order) bits filled with all one's; however, for interface identifiers in EUI-64 format, the universal/local bit in the interface identifier MUST be set to 0.
		The motivation for reserving the highest addresses from each subnet rather than the lowest addresses, is to avoid conflicting with some existing official and unofficial uses of the low-numbered addresses in a subnet.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc2526.html (1244 words)

	WhatsUp Gold User's Guide v8.0 - Creating a Subnet
		When a device or service goes down in a subnet map, the subnet icon on the parent map changes color to indicate that there's a problem in the subnet.
		The subnet icon in the parent network map will have the color of the highest priority alarm that occurs in the subnet map.
		For example, if only one device in the subnet does not respond to four polls, the subnet icon is red.
	www.ipswitch.com /Support/whatsup/guide/v800/3AdditionalMappingTechniquesa6.html (585 words)

	What is subnet mask? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Subnetting enables the network administrator to further divide the host part of the address into two or more subnets.
		If this network is divided into 14 subnets, however, then the first 4 bits of the host address (0001) are reserved for identifying the subnet.
		It's called a mask because it can be used to identify the subnet to which an IP address belongs by performing a bitwise AND operation on the mask and the IP address.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/S/subnet_mask.html (393 words)

	Chesapeake Subnet Calculator -- Welcome
		The Chesapeake Subnet Calculator is a Java based tool (an applet) to help network administrators and designers determine the subnet number from an IP address and subnet mask, or see the change in the number of hosts and subnets when modifying the subnet mask for a given network.
		Another is to calculate the proper subnet mask when the number of subnets or the number of hosts per subnet is known.
		Since IP subnet masking operations must be done in binary, all IP dotted-quad addresses are converted to binary, the calculations performed, and displayed in both binary and dotted-quad format.
	www.ccci.com /tools/subcalc (1720 words)

	Subnet Masks (cont) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Just as there are nine possible eight bit numbers that meet the requirements for a subnet mask, so there are only thirty three such thirty two bits numbers.
		These numbers are shown in this diagram, written in dotted quad notation, and with the corresponding prefix length (the number of one bits in the mask) beside them.
		Memorization is not necessary, as this will come with time, but you should be able, with pencil and paper, to convert any prefix length or subnet mask back and forth between the two forms.
	www.freesoft.org /CIE/Course/Subnet/7.htm (192 words)

	Subnet Masks (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Subnets represent a way of using part of the host address to represent a smaller network.
		The subnet mask is a decimal value, which tells Shiva® AccessPort how many bits of this address represent the network (and subnetwork), and how many bits represent the host.
		If you are not using subnet masks, or you are not sure what to enter, use the default value.
	www.intel.com /support/si/routers/accessport/apre2506.htm (432 words)

	Get a Clue: Calculating Subnet Masks
		If we were to use an address with a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0 then the first 2 segments would make up the network address and the last two would be the host address.
		For a subnet mask of 255.255.255.240 That is pretty much it with creating subnet masks, but now you need to learn a new rule about addressing.
		Learing how to create and declare subnet masks is not only useful for the technicians of ISPs who are assigning subnets to their customers.
	www.networkclue.com /routing/tcpip/calculating-masks.php (1318 words)

	IP Subnet Calculator - Dashboard - Networking & Security
		Will calculate the Network Address, Broadcast Address, and number of hosts in a subnet given an IP address and Subnet Mask.
		Subnet Mask may be entered in either dotted decimal notation or directly in number of bits masked.
		You may also click on the Subnet Mask button to change to the Wildcard Mask view.
	www.apple.com /downloads/dashboard/networking_security/ipsubnetcalculator.html (179 words)

	TechRepublic Tutorial: Subnetting a TCP/IP network (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-29)
		Although subnetting can be done for a variety of reasons, from departmental to geographic to political, it is usually done to simplify administration in some way.
		Subnetting involves the use of an IP address and subnet mask to determine whether a destination network is local or remote.
		But subnetting is not just a way to extend class-based IP addresses or solve performance issues; it can also be used for a number of administrative purposes.
	techrepublic.com.com /5100-6265-5034563.html (1301 words)

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