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Topic: Subnet address

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	Subnetwork - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Subnet masks are usually represented in the same representation used for addresses themselves; in IPv4, dotted quad notation (four numbers from zero to 255 separated by periods, e.g.
		Subnetting is the process of allocating bits from the host portion as a network portion.
		The problem with this subnet is that the unicast address for the subnet is the same as the unicast address for the entire class A network.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Subnet_address (909 words)

	Cisco Semester 1 (Lessons 11-14 notes) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Subnet mask - 32-bit address mask used in IP to indicate the bits of an IP address that are being used for the subnet address.
		Subnet masks tell devices which part of an address is the network number including the subnet and which part is the host.
		Subnet masks also use 32-bit long IP addresses that always use all binary 1s in the network and subnetwork portions of the address and all binary 0s in the host portion of the address.
	www.delmar.edu /Courses/ITNW1325/sem1/notes/lessons11-14.html (1772 words)

	Cisco - Subnet Zero and the All-Ones Subnet
		Subnetting has guidelines regarding the use of the first and the last subnets, known as subnet zero and the all-ones subnet, respectively.
		Using subnet zero for addressing was discouraged because of the confusion inherent in having a network and a subnet with indistinguishable addresses.
		Use of the all-ones subnet for addressing has been discouraged in the past because of the confusion inherent in having a network and a subnet with identical broadcast addresses.
	www.cisco.com /warp/public/105/40.html (1378 words)

	More Restrictive Subnet Masks
		When a bitwise logical AND operation is performed between the subnet mask and IP address, the result defines the Subnet Address (also called the Network Address or Network Number).
		Node addresses of all "0"s and all "1"s are reserved for specifying the local network (when a host does not know it's network address) and all hosts on the network (broadcast address), respectively.
		You can calculate the Subnet Address by performing a bitwise logical AND operation between the IP address and the subnet mask, then setting all the host bits to 0s.
	www.ralphb.net /IPSubnet/restr.html (448 words)

	[No title]
		The subnet from which the request originates can be determined by: o Using the subnet address of the giaddr field in the DHCP packet header, or if the giaddr field is zero; o Using the subnet address of the local interface on which the DHCP server received the packet.
		The subnet selection option instructs the DHCP server to allocate the address on the requested subnet as opposed to the normal operation of allocating the address on the subnet from which the DHCP request originated.
		The value for the subnet address is determined by taking any IPv4 address on the subnet and ANDing that address with the subnet mask (i.e.: the network and subnet bits are left alone and the remaining (address) bits are set to zero).
	www.ietf.org /rfc/rfc3011.txt (1437 words)

	RFC 3069 (rfc3069) - VLAN Aggregation for Efficient IP Address Allocation
		The first usable address of the subnet, 1.1.1.1, is assigned to the router and serves as the default gateway IP address for the subnet.
		The first usable address of the subnet, 1.1.1.17, is assigned to the router and serves as the default gateway IP address for the subnet.
		The first usable address of the subnet, 1.1.1.25, is assigned to the router and serves as the default gateway IP address for the subnet.
	www.faqs.org /rfcs/rfc3069.html (1561 words)

	IP Subnet Calculations
		Which bits of the address are in the network field and which bits are in the host field is determined by the subnet mask.
		To subnet, the default subnet mask for a network is extended to cover bits of the address that would otherwise be part of the host field.
		Given the IP address of a host and the subnet address for the network, you need to be able to calculate which subnet that host is on.
	www.swcp.com /~jgentry/topo/unit3.htm (1664 words)

	IP address
		An IP Address is a unique number, akin to a telephone number, used by machines (usually computers) to refer to each other when sending information through the Internet.
		The IP address of users browsing the world wide web are used to enable communications with to the server of the web site.
		Depending on one's Internet connection the IP address can be the same every time one connects, a static IP address, or different per session (but the first part being the same each time): a dynamic IP address.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/i/ip/ip_address.html (987 words)

	cnds@napier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		IP addresses are split between the network part and the host part.
		The standard allocation is IP addresses does not allow for a logical arrangement of networks within the organisation, thus subnetworks can be created by borrowing bits for the host part of the address.
		Unfortunately the all zero address is used to identify the network, and the all 1's address is the broadcast address, thus there can only be 30 useable subnets, from 00001b to 11110b.
	www.dcs.napier.ac.uk /~bill/cnds_ip_addresses.htm (364 words)

	Cisco - IP Addressing and Subnetting for New Users
		In a Class A address, the first octet is the network portion, so the Class A example in Figure 1 has a major network address of 10.
		In a Class B address, the first two octets are the network portion, so the Class B example in Figure 1 has a major network address of 172.16.
		Looking at the address bits that have a corresponding mask bit set to one, and setting all the other address bits to zero (this is equivalent to performing a logical "AND" between the mask and address), shows you to which subnet this address belongs.
	www.cisco.com /warp/public/701/3.html (2654 words)

	subnet - a Whatis.com definition - see also: subnet mask
		Typically, a subnet may represent all the machines at one geographic location, in one building, or on the same local area network (LAN).
		The 32-bit IP address (we have a separate definition of it with IP address) is often depicted as a dot address (also called dotted quad notation) - that is, four groups (or quads) of decimal numbers separated by periods.
		If you have the job of creating subnets for an organization (an activity called subnetting) and specifying subnet masks, your job may be simple or complicated depending on the size and complexity of your organization and other factors.
	searchnetworking.techtarget.com /sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci213065,00.html (863 words)

	Appendix A: Subnetting an IP Address Space
		By keeping these nine bits the same for all addresses in a given area, route summarization is easily achieved at area border routers, as illustrated by the scheme used in Table A-1.
		With a subnet mask of 255.255.255.240, the a and b bits together represent the subnet portion of the address, whereas the c and d bits together provide four-bit host identifiers.
		When a subnet mask of 255.255.255.252 (a typical subnet mask for point-to-point serial lines), the a, b, and c bits together represent the subnet portion of the address, and the d bits provide two-bit host identifiers.
	www.cisco.com /univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/idg4/nd20a.htm (882 words)

	Online IP Subnet Calculator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Results of the subnet calculation provide the hexadecimal IP address, the wildcard mask, for use with ACL (Access Control Lists), subnet ID, broadcast address, the subnet address range for the resulting subnet network and a subnet bitmap.
		The subnet calculator allows the use of a single subnet bit - for example, a class C address with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.128 is permitted.
		The subnet calculator allows a subnet ID to have its final octet equal to the final octet of its subnet mask - for example, a class C network address of 192.168.0.192 with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.192 is permitted.
	www.subnet-calculator.com (293 words)

	Subnet Calculator (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		This IP address will be used as a base address when calculating subnets.
		From the Subnet Addresses tab, you can generate a worksheet of IP addresses for any subnet.
		This IP address will be used the subnet address when generating a list of IP addresses.
	www.network-sonar.com /Toolsets/Content/SubnetCalc.htm (866 words)

	IP Address Assignment and the Routing and Remote Access Service (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		A node on an intranet subnet (to which the remote access server is attached) sends an ARP Request frame requesting the MAC address of the node that is assigned the IP address of the remote access client.
		When obtaining IP addresses automatically, ensure that the DHCP scope for the subnet to which the remote access server is attached includes enough addresses to assign to all the possible remote access clients that could be connected at one time.
		When obtaining IP addresses from a static pool, ensure that the pool has enough addresses to assign to all of the possible remote access clients that could be connected at one time.
	www.microsoft.com /technet/community/columns/cableguy/cg0803.mspx (1877 words)

	IP Addressing, subnet mask, wildcard mask
		RFC 950 therefore rules out '11' and '00' as useable subnets, we are therefore left with only two subnet addresses instead of the 3 we require.
		The IP address given to this company was 146.162.0.0 (which is a Class B address), and the decision was made to use the whole of octet 3 for the subnet addresses leaving octet 4 for the host addresses.
		The subnet mask for each subnet (Whether LAN or WAN) was consequently 255.255.255.0, it is important to design the addressing scheme such that the subnet mask is common to all LAN's/WAN's throughout the network unless a routing protocol such as OSPF is to be used.
	www.rhyshaden.com /ipadd.htm (2486 words)

	Subnet Addressing
		Subnetting allows you to increase the number of networks available to you without applying for another IP address number.
		The IP address is composed of 32 bits, which consist of two parts: the most significant bits (MSBs) identify a particular network and the remaining bits specify a host on that network.
		Subnetting can help overcome distance limitations of physical networks by dividing up a physical network into individually addressed networks so they can be connected logically with routers.
	www.networkcomputing.com /unixworld/tutorial/001.html (1714 words)

	What is subnet mask? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Subnetting enables the network administrator to further divide the host part of the address into two or more subnets.
		In this case, a part of the host address is reserved to identify the particular subnet.
		It's called a mask because it can be used to identify the subnet to which an IP address belongs by performing a bitwise AND operation on the mask and the IP address.
	www.webopedia.com /TERM/S/subnet_mask.html (393 words)

	Definition: subnet address (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		subnet address: In an Internet Protocol (IP) address, an extension that allows users in a network to use a single IP network address for multiple physical subnetworks.
		Inside the subnetwork, gateways and hosts divide the local portion of the IP address into a subnet address and a host address.
		Outside of the subnetwork, routing continues as usual by dividing the destination address into a network portion and a local portion.
	www.atis.org /tg2k/_subnet_address.html (101 words)

	UnixWorld Online: Tutorial: Article No. 001
		Class C addresses are the most numerous, but their limitation is that each can identify only 254 unique hosts.
		A subnet mask (or number) is used to determine the number of bits used for the subnet and host portions of the address.
		For instance, a subnet of 7 (all one bits) is reserved for an all subnets-directed broadcast (a broadcast sent to all subnets of the specified subnetted network) when the host bits are all one.
	uwsg.indiana.edu /usail/external/recommended/subnetadd.html (1531 words)

	[No title]
		The value for the subnet address is determined by taking any IP address on the subnet and ANDing that address with the subnet mask (i.e., the network and subnet bits are left alone and the remaining (address) bits are set to zero).
		This determines a single subnet, and when allocating an IP address, all of the other related subnets on the same link will also be considered in the same way as currently specified for the processing of the giaddr in [RFC 2131, Section 4.3.1, first group of bullets, bullet 4].
		When the DHCP server is allocating an address and this sub-option is present, then the DHCP server MUST allocate the address on either: o the subnet specified in the link-selection sub-option, or; o a subnet on the same link (also known as a network segment) as the subnet specified by the link-selection sub-option.
	matrix.csustan.edu /docs/rfc/3501-4000/rfc3527.txt (1730 words)

	Get a Clue: Calculating Subnet Masks
		The easiest way to explain a subnet mask is by looking at the IP address and subnet mask in its binary format.
		If we were to use an address with a subnet mask of 255.255.0.0 then the first 2 segments would make up the network address and the last two would be the host address.
		Recall that the network address is made up from all the bits that line up with the 1s in the subnet mask.
	www.networkclue.com /routing/tcpip/calculating-masks.php (1318 words)

	Welcome to SubnetOnline.com Network Resources - Subnetting explained, the full story !
		Within a subnet, what address should a router be installed.
		Type your IP and subnet mask and this calculator gives you the broadcast address and address to install your router on.
		Insert the first and last IP address of your range and it will calculate the subnet mask that fits these values with the starting and endind address for this subnet.
	www.subnetonline.com /subnet/subnet.html (365 words)

	IP address - a Whatis.com definition
		Note that the system of IP address classes described here, while forming the basis for IP address assignment, is generally bypassed today by use of Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) addressing.
		An IP address has two parts: the identifier of a particular network on the Internet and an identifier of the particular device (which can be a server or a workstation) within that network.
		The number version of the IP address can (and usually is) represented by a name or series of names called the domain name.
	searchwebservices.techtarget.com /sDefinition/0,,sid26_gci212381,00.html (926 words)

	IP address -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The IP addresses of users browsing the (Computer network consisting of a collection of internet sites that offer text and graphics and sound and animation resources through the hypertext transfer protocol) world wide web are used to enable communications with the server of the web site.
		IPv4 addresses are commonly expressed as a dotted quad, four (A musical composition written for eight performers) octets (8 bits) separated by periods.
		While a number of measures have been taken to conserve the limited existing IPv4 address space (such as the use of NAT and (Click link for more info and facts about Private Addressing) Private Addressing), the number of 32-bit IP addresses is not sufficient to accommodate the long-term growth of the Internet.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/i/ip/ip_address1.htm (2164 words)

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