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Topic: Suborbital

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	The Suborbital Institute - Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Suborbitals can see a much bigger area than what is seen by airplanes or by high altitude balloons.
		The SubOrbital Institute is therefore working hard with regulators and Congress to insure that the regulations provide for an industry that the public can trust but do not prevent the creation of such an industry in the first place.
		The economics of the suborbital RLV business, on the other hand, depends heavily on robust and reliable engines and so developing such engines is a top priority.
	www.suborbitalinstitute.org /FAQ.html (2513 words)

	Office of Space Commercialization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Suborbital reusable launch vehicles would offer the ability to provide services that will fulfill both national security needs for surveillance and missile defense, and commercial niches, such as imagery, adventure travel, and cargo delivery.
		Suborbital approaches serve to some extent as prototypes to test technologies without the technical demands of an orbital vehicle, reducing some of the technical risk at a lower cost than orbital designs would require.
		Suborbital commerce would not displace orbital commerce but rather help lay the commercial, legal/regulatory, and technical foundation upon which later orbital space businesses would be built.
	www.technology.gov /space/library/speeches/2003-02-10-suborbital-institute.shtml (908 words)

	TGV Press: Suborbital RLV's As A Method Of Reducing Spacecraft Loss Rates (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		When I was in grade school, I used to tell my teacher "Don't I deserve an 'A' for 'Effort'" and she used to reply "No, you get an 'E' for 'Effort', you get an 'A' for doing good work".
		The economic impacts of Suborbital flight testing is hard to imagine.
		Schedule constraints to build spacecraft could be reduced by almost a year and insurance costs on vehicles could be reduced by a third or more.
	www.tgv-rockets.com /suborbitalRLVs.htm (823 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| Suborbital activists go to Washington
		The goal of the Suborbital Institute's first Congressional briefing was to raise awareness among members of Congress and their staffs about the efforts of a number of entrepreneurial companies to develop reusable vehicles capable of suborbital spaceflight and the regulatory hurdles that lie in the path of these firms.
		Suborbital spacecraft are vehicles that fly into space, typically to altitudes of at least 100 kilometers, but do not travel fast enough to attain orbit.
		One is the X Prize, a $10 million competition to develop the first reusable suborbital spacecraft capable of carrying three people to an altitude of 100 km twice in a two-week period.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /news/n0302/22suborbital (1191 words)

	SPACE.com -- Suborbital Dreams: One Year After SpaceShipOne's Historic Flight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The future looks bright for civilian suborbital spaceflight, with a host of private firms developing spacecraft to carry anyone with a willing heart and a robust bank account on the ultimate trip.
		One year after the history-making suborbital space shot of SpaceShipOne, commercial spaceflight efforts continue to make headway through government regulation and technological hurdles, each with its eye on the space tourism market.
		Virgin Galactic, a tourism firm licensing SpaceShipOne's technology for commercial suborbital flights, hopes to have a final design of its five-seater spacecraft by year's end.
	www.space.com /missionlaunches/050621_suborbital_tourism.html (1246 words)

	HobbySpace - Suborbital Spaceflight Comments
		Even a company which has built and is operating a suborbital RLV will have to design a completely new vehicle for orbital operations, and the orbital vehicle will probably share only incidental bits of hardware with the suborbital one.
		Granted that a suborbital vehicle is different from -- and easier than -- an orbital one, a team which has done the former will have a much better idea of how to do the latter right.
		Some will be upgrades to the suborbital systems, while others will have to fly as payloads, but being able to try things out in their real operating environment -- even briefly -- will help a lot.
	www.hobbyspace.com /AAdmin/archive/SpecialTopics/suborbitalComments.html (2825 words)

	Space Adventures — Suborbital Promotion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Suborbital spaceflight occurs when a vehicle reaches space but does not achieve orbital velocity, it follows a parabolic arc and is said to have achieved suborbital spaceflight.
		Space Adventures suborbital spaceflights reach an altitude of at least 62 miles (100 kilometers), which is defined by the international community as the beginning of space.
		Suborbital spaceflights were first conducted by Alan Shepard and Virgil “Gus” Grissom in 1961 when they became the first two Americans in space.
	www.spaceadventures.com /programs/suborbital (674 words)

	Invited written testimony of James A. M. Muncy: H.R. 3245 - The Commercial Space Act of 2003 \| SpaceRef - Your Space ...
		Obviously, the federal role in suborbital RLV flights carrying spaceflight participants cannot be as laissez-faire as the wholly unregulated days of airplane barnstorming.
		First of all, the government is not protecting a suborbital RLV company from a lawsuit by its customer in the event of a tragic accident.
		Suborbital RLV flights are, we all hope, going to become frequent and affordable opportunities for people to experience spaceflight, but they are not - at least not initially - going to be a means of transportation between points A and B. Furthermore, these are inherently new kinds of vehicles.
	www.spaceref.com /news/viewsr.html?pid=10906 (3485 words)

	Redstone Mercury (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		This was the second and final manned suborbital Mercury Redstone flight, and the first flight with trapezoidal window.
		Further suborbital flights (each astronaut was to make one as a training exercise) were cancelled.
		NASA announced that analysis of Project Mercury suborbital data indicated that all objectives of that phase of the program had been achieved, and that no further Mercury-Redstone flights were planned.
	www.astronautix.com /lvs/redrcury.htm (2692 words)

	Suborbital Passenger Trips
		Much higher-altitude suborbital trips will open up new regimes for doing biomedical research, in that there is a longer period of weightlessness and much higher gravity levels on launch and entry.
		This is a price that is potentially sustainable for a unique suborbital experience—there are many who would like a trip to space, and given the current state of the national and world economy, many who could afford to pay that much for one.
		It will be up to the investor to make the bet that his investment in augmenting X-34 for suborbital tourism will not be either quickly or eventually (before she can earn her money back) superceded by someone else's investment in a vehicle developed specifically for that purpose.
	www.interglobal.org /sophron/sub.html (1069 words)

	Space Transportation Facts & Figures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Suborbital space tourism appears to represent the easiest, most attainable goal in the development of commercial space travel.
		A vehicle suitable for suborbital space tourism would have to fly slightly faster (Mach 4) than the SR-53 but not as high or fast as the X-15.
		If these figures are plugged into a spreadsheet, we note that the price per flight has to be set to at least $2.5 million in 1964 dollars to achieve a decent return on investment (=$10 million+ today).
	www.abo.fi /~mlindroo/spacemarkets/sld008.htm (1701 words)

	PSL - SCE - Conferences - HSA
		The NASA Suborbital Center of Excellence (SCE) was pleased to present a call for posters for a student poster competition.
		The mission of the SCE is to promote science and engineering education and outreach, with the objective of increasing numbers of college graduates with an interest in suborbital programs as a career choice.
		Posters are sought on a wide range of suborbital topics related to all of the suborbital platforms, including balloons, sounding rockets, research aircraft (manned and remotely piloted vehicles), and small satellites.
	www.psl.nmsu.edu /sce/conferences/hsa/poster.php (441 words)

	Dynasoar
		To compensate it for the loss of the B-70 competition at the end of 1957, it was perhaps considered logical for it to build the successor.
		Boeing's vague proposal was to use Atlas-Centaur for suborbital flights, and a booster 'to be determined' for orbital flights.
		By January 1961 it was decided to use the Titan 2 instead of the Titan 1 for the suborbital flights.
	www.astronautix.com /craft/dynasoar.htm (11269 words)

	PSL - Suborbital Center of Excellence (SCE)
		The Suborbital Center of Excellence truly has become a center of excellence during its short history.
		The educational mission of the Suborbital Center of Excellence is at the heart of all we do.
		This website is intended to show how the Suborbital Center of Excellence has begun its work, how the students involved with the center are being affected, and a look ahead to what we plan to do as we continue on our path.
	www.psl.nmsu.edu /sce (206 words)

	Research and Markets - Market Research Reports - Orbital and Suborbital Space Tourism - Printer Friendly
		Suborbital space travel is a promising market - Futron's forecast for suborbital space travel projects that by 2021, over 15,000 passengers could be flying annually, representing revenues in excess of US$700 million.
		People were more or less indifferent to flying on a privately developed suborbital vehicle with limited flight history as compared to a vehicle developed by the government - 52% said it would make no difference in their decision to purchase a suborbital flight.
		The group of respondents interested in and willing to pay for suborbital flights is demographically distinct from the group interested in and willing to pay for orbital flights.
	www.researchandmarkets.com /reports/29269/29269.htm (1267 words)

	Space Adventures — Suborbital Spaceflight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Suborbital flight is the next generation of commercial passenger travel.
		Defined as a mission that flies out of the atmosphere but does not reach speeds needed to sustain continuous orbiting of the earth, suborbital spaceflight allows passengers to look down at the brilliant curvature of the earth as they would from orbit.
		We are recognized as being the first to send private space explorers into orbit, and when it comes to suborbital spaceflight, we will again be first.
	www.spaceadventures.com /suborbital (281 words)

	Solar Sail- Suborbital Flight Images (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		On July 20, 2001, the suborbital test flight of Cosmos 1 was launched from a Russian submarine in the Barents Sea.
		View the launch as it was seen by the Cosmos 1 team from a support craft in the area, and hear the excitement on board.
		Hear the excitement at Project Operations Pasadena, located at The Planetary Society's headquarters, as the suborbital flight was launched.
	www.planetary.org /solarsail_oldstyle/suborbital_images.htm (530 words)

	NASA - Airborne Science Program - Call Letter
		The Suborbital Science Office of the Earth Science Enterprise (ESE) announces the annual call for requests to use the NASA/ESE suborbital observing capabilities in FY 2004, to further ESE's research into understanding the Earth system and apply Earth system science to improve prediction of weather, climate and natural hazards, as only NASA can.
		In the future, suborbital data collection will be achieved through two paths: requests for flight time from a diverse catalog of proven federal and commercial sources, and focused science solicitations using innovative platforms.
		Suborbital observation requirements may be satisfied from diverse sources, including but not limited to NASA, other federal agencies, universities and commercial sources.
	www.nasa.gov /lb/centers/dryden/research/AirSci/call.html (2890 words)

	Aerospace Daily, February 2003 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		He compared the suborbital RLV market to the aviation market in the 1920s, which began with seemingly "trivial" applications such as wing walking, air shows, and air races.
		The current suborbital market is focused on expendable sounding rockets for applications such as national missile defense tests and high-altitude, astronomical, and micro-gravity research missions.
		The insurance industry and the lack of a distinct FAA regulatory regime are some of the key obstacles to the growth of the suborbital RLV industry, according to a statement from the Suborbital Institute.
	www.tgv-rockets.com /aerospacedaily.htm (541 words)

	Old X-plane project - Suborbital? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		I wonder if it could be mounted on a B-747 or An-225 and go suborbital, adding a rocket engine in the place of the jet engine.
		Unless your definition of suborbital is flying at high altitude.
		Suborbital is normally defined as a vehicle that enters space (above 50 or 100 miles depending on you is doing the defining) but does not orbit the Earth.
	uplink.space.com /printthread.php?Cat=&Board=businesstech&main=6856&type=thread (953 words)

	Suborbital flight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Wallops Flight Facility Home Page Established in 1945, Wallops Flight Facility,one of the oldest launch sites in the world,is located on the Eastern Shore of Virginia.
		Suborbital Flying Machines Suborbital Flying Machines is a new company located in the North SF Bay Area and is dedicated to model, large model and high power rocketry.
		On May 5, 1961, Shepard in Freedom 7 (Mercury-Redstone 3) made a 15-min suborbital flight down the Atlantic missile range.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Suborbital_flight.html (492 words)

	Orbital and suborbital climate variability in the Sulu Sea, western tropical Pacific
		Suborbital variability occurred in the Sulu Sea throughout the past 400 kyr, suggesting little sensitivity to ice volume or to glacial-interglacial changes in tropical hydrology.
		We suggest that Sulu Sea salinity variations were a response to suborbital climate variability in the North Atlantic region, transmitted via changes in the intensity of the East Asian summer monsoon.
		We suggest that a North Atlantic origin of that tropical suborbital variability can be reconciled with weak glacial amplification in the tropics if the tropical response is nonlinear.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2003/2001GC000260.shtml (438 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| Space entrepreneurs seek regulatory relief
		These vehicles fall into a gray area where there are no explicit definitions regarding what a suborbital RLV is, and as such raises uncertainty whether such vehicles should be licensed as aircraft or launch vehicles.
		Suborbital RLVs are also in a leading position to create a new market for public space travel, also known as space tourism.
		Tito mentioned he was willing to invest in a suborbital RLV company; sources later said that he has already selected a company to invest in, and is waiting for improvements in the regulatory environment before taking the plunge.
	spaceflightnow.com /news/n0307/26hearing (1443 words)

	Spacelift: Suborbital, Earth to Orbit and On-Orbit
		The paper also addresses potential suborbital missions that such a system would allow; discusses different ways of deploying, servicing, and redeploying space assets once they are on-orbit; and explains why this is desirable in some (but not all) cases.
		This assumes, of course, that the TAV also goes to orbit; flying a suborbital trajectory allows a significantly greater payload (6,600 pounds) to be placed in orbit, even after the weight of an upper stage (a 4,765 pound STAR 48V) is subtracted.
		By using a suborbital trajectory during the attack profile, a TAV may use such disposables as chaff, flares, towed decoys, and active defensive munitions to defeat threat weapon systems without contributing to hazardous space junk.
	www.fas.org /spp/military/docops/usaf/2020/app-h.htm (17442 words)

	Suborbital legislation put on hold - The New Space Race - MSNBC.com
		If a compromise can't be worked out by then, Congress could still conceivably pass a bill with more limited scope, which would simply extend indemnification for unmanned launch vehicles such as the Boeing Delta and the Lockheed Martin Atlas rockets for another year.
		In its original as well as its amended form, the bill lays out the process for licensing suborbital space vehicles so that they could carry paying passengers — something that SpaceShipOne, for example, is not allowed to do.
		If suborbital spaceship companies were required to demonstrate the same safety levels as, say, today's commercial airliners, the industry would never get off the ground, Greason argued.
	msnbc.msn.com /id/6201543 (1112 words)

	The Space Review: Suborbital’s ascending trajectory (page 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		She is not alone, though, as a small but growing chorus of government officials, businesspeople, and others are spreading the word about suborbital spaceflight, a field that several years ago was dismissed by many as a dead end.
		Also, with the $10 million X Prize now fully funded, at least for the near term, there is an additional financial incentive for entrepreneurial rocketeers.
		The US Department of Commerce published a report last December that outlined the various markets that could be served by suborbital RLVs.
	www.thespacereview.com /article/16/1 (617 words)

	Suborbital Legislation Moves In Congress
		Suborbital flight is a small market of huge strategic and economic importance.
		Suborbital vehicles share some characteristics with airplanes, some others with orbital spacecraft, and still others with launch vehicles; but they are also different in many significant ways.
		Suborbital spaceflight presents a number of extremely interesting business opportunities with important economic and national security implications, in areas as diverse as imaging, science, and tourism.
	www.spacedaily.com /news/launchers-03r.html (750 words)

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