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	Sub-orbital spaceflight - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Manned and unmanned sub-orbital flights have been undertaken to test spacecraft and launch vehicles intended for later orbital flight, but some vehicles have been designed exclusively to reach space sub-orbitally: manned vehicles such as the X-15 and SpaceShipOne, and unmanned ones such as ICBMs and sounding rockets.
		Due to the high cost, this is likely to be initially limited to high value cargo such as courier flights, or as the ultimate business jet.
		NASA and others are experimenting with scramjet based hypersonic aircraft which may well be used with flight profiles that qualify as sub-orbital spaceflight.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Suborbital_flight (734 words)

	Space Today Online - Animals - Dogs in Space
		Suborbital flights have been used to test launchers and spacecraft intended for later orbital flights.
		Suborbital flights were used in the 1950s to determine whether human spaceflight was feasible.
		Suborbital tourist flights to space will be popular with those who can afford to see the sights from up there, experience weightlessness, and drop down to land where they took off.
	www.spacetoday.org /Astronauts/Animals/SubOrbitalFlights.html (447 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| Breaking News \| Suborbital activists go to Washington
		The goal of the Suborbital Institute's first Congressional briefing was to raise awareness among members of Congress and their staffs about the efforts of a number of entrepreneurial companies to develop reusable vehicles capable of suborbital spaceflight and the regulatory hurdles that lie in the path of these firms.
		Suborbital spacecraft are vehicles that fly into space, typically to altitudes of at least 100 kilometers, but do not travel fast enough to attain orbit.
		One is the X Prize, a $10 million competition to develop the first reusable suborbital spacecraft capable of carrying three people to an altitude of 100 km twice in a two-week period.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /news/n0302/22suborbital (1147 words)

	Redstone Mercury (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Objectives of the MR-1A flight were to qualify the spacecraft for space flight and to qualify the flight system for a primate flight scheduled shortly thereafter.
		The Redstone booster for the Mercury-Redstone 4 (MR-4) manned suborbital flight mission was erected on Pad 5, at Cape Canaveral.
		Further suborbital flights (each astronaut was to make one as a training exercise) were cancelled.
	www.friends-partners.org /partners/mwade/lvs/redrcury.htm (2424 words)

	The Suborbital Institute - Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Suborbitals can see a much bigger area than what is seen by airplanes or by high altitude balloons.
		Note that a flight will most likely be packaged with a "space camp" type of training period that lasts a fews days or a week or so.
		The SubOrbital Institute is therefore working hard with regulators and Congress to insure that the regulations provide for an industry that the public can trust but do not prevent the creation of such an industry in the first place.
	www.suborbitalinstitute.org /FAQ.html (2513 words)

	SPACE MEDICINE IN PROJECT MERCURY - Chapter 8
		In the program of manned space flight, the reliability of complex booster, capsule, escape, and life support components of the Mercury system is now being tested to assure a safe manned ballistic flight into space, and hopefully a manned orbital flight in calendar year 1961.
		Prior to flight, he had been subjected to Redstone launch profiles on the centrifuge at the U.S. Air Force Medical Laboratory, Dayton, Ohio.[5] The spacecraft reached an altitude of 155 statute miles, landed 420 statute miles down-range, and was recovered.
		A series of simulated flights was made on the centrifuge at the laboratory to determine the effects of acceleration and vibration on the chimpanzee, and also to evaluate the complete chimpanzee couch system.
	lsda.jsc.nasa.gov /books/mercury/ch08.htm (4262 words)

	SPACE MEDICINE IN PROJECT MERCURY - Chapter 9
		THE SUBORBITAL FLIGHT OF ALAN SHEPARD on May 5, 1961, was, in one sense of the word, anticlimactic.
		The suborbital flight of Ham was without complications, but it was considerably less complex than Enos’ orbital flight.
		Also included were special training and tests in aircraft flights under conditions of weightlessness, training in a simulated spacecraft cabin and on a special training machine, prolonged stay in a specially equipped soundproof chamber, centrifuge tests, and parachute jumps from air craft.
	lsda.jsc.nasa.gov /books/mercury/ch09.htm (2315 words)

	NASA - Airborne Science Program - Call Letter
		The Suborbital Science Program is undergoing significant change in content and nature, in accordance with the NASA Vision and Mission and to improve alignment with national imperatives such as the Climate Change Research Initiative and the President's Management Agenda.
		In the future, suborbital data collection will be achieved through two paths: requests for flight time from a diverse catalog of proven federal and commercial sources, and focused science solicitations using innovative platforms.
		Flight fees will be withheld automatically from each EOS investigator's budget and transferred directly to the appropriate flight account at Dryden, Wallops, or appropriate contract for the other cooperative aircraft.
	www.nasa.gov /centers/dryden/research/AirSci/call.html (2890 words)

	Space Today Online - X Prize experimental private manned space rockets
		Piloting the SpaceShipOne suborbital flights in 2004, Michael W. Melvill became the first person to earn astronaut wings in a non-government sponsored vehicle as well as the first private civilian to fly a spaceship out of the atmosphere.
		Piloting the SpaceShipOne on a suborbital flight made Binnie the second person to earn astronaut wings in a non-government sponsored vehicle as well as the second private civilian to fly a spaceship out of the atmosphere.
		Their rocket was to be launched on a suborbital flight from the Washington coast out over the Pacific Ocean and then parachute down into the ocean to be retrieved by boat or helicopter.
	www.spacetoday.org /Rockets/X_Prize.html (2270 words)

	[No title]
		Suborbital flight; evaluate modifications to correct MR-1 and MR-2 malfunctions.
		Suborbital flight; familiarize man with space flight; evaluate response and S/C control.
		Three-pass orbital flight; evaluate effects and performance of astronaut in space; astronaut's evaluation of S/C and support.
	zebu.uoregon.edu /~js/space/lectures/mercury_flights.html (450 words)

	Space Adventures — Suborbital Spacecraft Prototype Unveiled In Russia < March 2002 < Space Adventures Press ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		"Suborbital flights are central to the space tourism industry," said Eric Anderson, President and CEO of Space Adventures.
		Four days of space flight orientation including centrifuge, zero-gravity and high-altitude jet flight training, as well as safety and onboard system lessons are expected to be required.
		Space Adventures has over 100 suborbital reservations and is currently accepting bookings for suborbital flights departing by 2005 at $98,000 (U.S.) per seat.
	www.spaceadventures.com /press/031402.html (534 words)

	Results of the Second U.S. Manned Suborbital Space Flight July 21, 1961 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The second successful manned suborbital space flight on July 21, 1961, in which Astronaut Virgil I. Grissom was the pilot was another step in the progressive research, development, and training program leading to the study of man's capabilities in a space environment during manned orbital flight.
		Data and operational experiences gained from this flight were in agreement with and supplemented the knowledge obtained from the first suborbital flight of May 5, 1961, piloted by Astronaut Alan B. Shepard, Jr.
		The two recent manned suborbital flights, coupled with the unmanned research and development flights, have provided valuable engineering and scientific data on which the program can progress.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/pao/History/MR-4/chap01.htm (238 words)

	The Suborbital Institute - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The Suborbital Institute is an industry association whose members include many firms involved in the development of suborbital commercial human spaceflight, including TGV Rockets, Armadillo Aerospace, Vela Technology Development, XCOR Aerospace, and X-Rocket, LLC.
		Members and supporters of the Suborbital Institute will go to Capitol Hill on Monday and Tuesday, May 17-18, to lobby for passage of the HR 3752, which is now in the hands of the Senate.
		While the suborbital community is not producing papers for the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics or interesting doctoral theses, they are rapidly outproducing what came from the mainstream research community in the past 20 years.
	www.suborbitalinstitute.org /news.html (2771 words)

	CNN.com - Futuristic rocket soars in test flight - Dec. 27, 2002
		The payload included a hypersonic parachute, a super-stable planetary re-entry probe model and a "wave rider" flying wedge, which is about 50 inches (127 cm) long and designed to fly like a glider after being deployed high in the atmosphere.
		The plume of the rocket, which was launched last week from a NASA flight facility on Wallops Island, Virginia, could be seen more than 200 miles away in New Jersey and Pennsylvania.
		The Lockheed Martin rocket flight was the first to test a large hybrid propulsion system.
	archives.cnn.com /2002/TECH/space/12/26/test.rocket (399 words)

	Planetarium.Net Mercury Human Spaceflight Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		There were 25 total flights under the Mercury program, six of which were human space flights.
		After a number of test flights, the first American was launched into space on May 5, 1961.
		The 22-orbit flight was the longest of the Mercury flights and prepared NASA for the next step in the space program.
	www.planetarium.net /edcenter/human/mercury.htm (342 words)

	The Space Review: Human factors in commercial suborbital flight: Radiation exposure and weightlessness
		The human radiation exposure during suborbital flight is considered for a typical winged (horizontal takeoff and landing) suborbital concept.
		In the suborbital flight regime, weightlessness or microgravity is not a significant issue.
		During suborbital flights, the risk will be reduced if vehicle occupants remain strapped into their seats during the flight.
	www.thespacereview.com /article/464/1 (1929 words)

	CNN.com - Private craft soars into space, history - Jun 23, 2004
		A loud bang Melvill heard during the flight appeared to be a nonessential part of the composite airframe buckling near the rocket nozzle.
		Rutan said the flight, which went from a concept in 1995 to reality less than a decade later, was the realization of a long dream.
		Scaled Composites is one of 24 companies from several countries competing for the X Prize, which will go to the first privately funded group to send three people on a suborbital flight 62.5 miles high and repeat the feat within two weeks using the same vehicle.
	www.cnn.com /2004/TECH/space/06/21/suborbital.test (1114 words)

	The Space Review: Human factors in commercial suborbital flight
		Generally, it is agreed that crew members are professional individuals capable of assessing the risks and benefits of suborbital flight and intelligently choosing to assume those risks.
		Commercial suborbital flights will be highly visible activities, at least for the first few flights.
		If something goes wrong and crew members, passengers, or bystanders are injured, or property on the ground is destroyed, the commercial suborbital flight operators better have a public relations plan in place or the industry may be regulated into oblivion.
	www.thespacereview.com /article/320/1 (1010 words)

	SPACE.com -- Scaled Composites' SpaceShipOne Flies
		According to a flight report issued by Scaled Composites, separation between the two vehicles was clean and positive.
		The flight moves the company and concept closer to winning the X Prize $10 million purse a prize dedicated to furthering suborbital passenger flight, as well as orbital treks of private citizens.
		During weightless flight, the spaceship converts to a high-drag configuration to allow a safe, stable atmospheric entry.
	www.space.com /businesstechnology/technology/spaceshipone_tested_030809.html (599 words)

	This New Ocean - Ch11-8
		His pulse reached 171 beats per minute.Retrofire gave him the distinct and peculiar feeling that he had reversed his backward flight through space and was actually moving face forward.
		This was a moot point in view of the sluggishness he had encountered with the manual system and the apparent play in the control stick linkage.
		But, said Grissom, there were too many couch restraint straps; the panel lights were too dim; the oxygen consumption rate was high; the urinal device needed further development; the high-frequency communication circuit was unsuccessful; and hydrogen peroxide fuel consumption proved to be high on the rate control system.
	www.hq.nasa.gov /office/pao/History/SP-4201/ch11-8.htm (3248 words)

	Sub-orbital spaceflight -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		A sub-orbital spaceflight (or sub-orbital flight) is a (A voyage outside the Earth's atmosphere) spaceflight that does not involve putting a vehicle into (The (usually elliptical) path described by one celestial body in its revolution about another) orbit.
		The sub-orbital spaceflight should not be confused with a partial orbital spaceflight: a (Click link for more info and facts about low Earth orbit) low Earth orbit, with deorbiting after less than one full orbit, as in the (Click link for more info and facts about Fractional Orbital Bombardment System) Fractional Orbital Bombardment System.
		Privately-held companies such as (Click link for more info and facts about Blue Origin) Blue Origin are taking an interest in sub-orbital spaceflight, due in part to ventures like the (Click link for more info and facts about Ansari X Prize) Ansari X Prize.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/su/sub-orbital_spaceflight.htm (960 words)

	Redstone Mercury (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Marshall Space Flight Center published the 'Final Standard Trajectory for MR-1 (Mercury-Redstone).' References: 483.
		Further suborbital Mercury flights after that of Grissom were cancelled.
		The MR-6 mission was cancelled by NASA administrator James Webb at the beginning of July, 1961.
	www.astronautix.com /lvs/redrcury.htm (2676 words)

	The Suborbital Institute - Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The SubOrbital Institute (SOI) is a trade association that aims to promote the cause of practical human suborbital rocket powered flight.
		Suborbital spaceflight provides for numerous applications including personal space transport (i.e.
		A suborbital vehicle goes into the space environment (100Km or 60 miles are commonly considered borderlines to space) and returns without going around the earth.
	www.suborbitalinstitute.org (346 words)

	Spaceflight Now \| SpaceShipOne News \| SpaceShipOne takes wild suborbital flight
		A decision on when to launch SpaceShipOne on its next flight, the one needed to win the X Prize, is expected by the end of the day Thursday.
		Flight director Doug Shane recommended engine shutdown and Melvill did just that a few seconds later, turning off the motor 76 seconds after ignition, about 11 seconds earlier than planned.
		As with his first flight, he was wearing his lucky horseshoe, a piece of jewelry he designed and presented to his girlfriend when she was 16 years old.
	www.spaceflightnow.com /ss1/040929x1launch.html (2665 words)

	Space Adventures — Suborbital Spaceflight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Suborbital flight is the next generation of commercial passenger travel.
		Today, with flight testing of commercial reusable launch vehicles (RLVs) underway, suborbital flight is closer than ever.
		Defined as a mission that flies out of the atmosphere but does not reach speeds needed to sustain continuous orbiting of the earth, suborbital spaceflight allows passengers to look down at the brilliant curvature of the earth as they would from orbit.
	www.spaceadventures.com /suborbital (281 words)

	The Space Review: Suborbital spaceflight: tourism vs. barnstorming
		The flights of SpaceShipOne, most notably its June 21 flight to 100 kilometers, have provided an existence proof that suborbital vehicles designed to carry passengers can be developed commercially.
		It’s possible that, if goes well, there could be three or more commercial suborbital flights within a week at the end of September and early October as these two teams make their final push for the prize.
		Suborbital space tourist vehicles also have to fly different flight profiles than those optimized to win the X Prize.
	www.thespacereview.com /article/203/1 (1398 words)

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