beetlelady.com: Suborder Phylogenetics(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
Members of this suborder have thread or beadlike antennae and often have elytra which still show the remnants of wing venation (White, 1983).
Evidence for the Polyphagan relationship to the remaining suborders is based on characters of wing venation and articulation (Kukalova-Peck and Lawrence, 1993).
The authors themselves were skeptical of their results, noting that the smaller suborders were minimally sampled and needed to be better represented in future DNA sampling.
www.beetlelady.com /phylogeny.html (1352 words)
What is an Isopod?(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
Among the suborder Valvifera, the family Idoteidae is thought to have undergone a co-radiation with large brown algae (Phaeophyta; Laminariales) in temperate latitudes (Brusca and Wallerstein 1979).
Wallerstein and Brusca (1982) documented patterns of idoteid morphology and behavior indicating that when these isopods evolve in warmer waters they are smaller, their bodies are more spinose, their swimming behaviors differ from their temperate cousins, and they also reproduce at smaller sizes; all possible adaptations to avoid increased predation pressure in the tropics.
However, one of these 4 suborders, the Asellota is far and away the predominant deep-sea isopod taxon, and about 90 percent of all described isopods from this environment are asellotans.
Each order is divided into suborders primarily on the basis of properties that influence soil genesis and are important to plant growth or properties that reflect the most important variables within the orders.
Each suborder is divided into great groups on the basis of close similarities in kind, arrangement, and degree of development of pedogenic horizons; soil moisture and temperature regimes; type of saturation; and base status.
Each great group is identified by the name of a suborder and by a prefix that indicates a property of the soil.
With arbuscule senescence (degradation of fine tips), the trunk may remain intact in cells and appear as tightly packed coils.
However, persistence of the total arbuscular network in mycorrhizal roots of pot cultures is longer for species of this suborder than those of Glomineae.
Fungi in this suborder are not "vesicular-arbuscular fungi" or "VAM fungi" because they do not form vesicles.
Scutellospora calospora was incorporated into comparative analyses in one study (Jasper et al., 1989) and organisms of two Gigaspora species examined in another (Biermann and Linderman, 1983).
Unfortunately, results from study of fungi in a family (Glomaceae) of one suborder (Glomineae) have been generalized to include those in a family (Gigasporaceae) in a separate suborder (Gigasporineae), despite evidence that form and function may be different in each.
The most prominent and consistent differences are between members of Gigaspora and Glomus (representing distinct differences at the suborder level), so they are the primary focus of this discussion.
Cybersurfari Animal Games(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
The energy-saving way of life, achieved by luring instead of hunting, is especially advantageous in environments such as the free water masses of the deep sea, where food is scarce and populations very thinly spread.
Two adaptations have enabled the deepsea anglerfishes (suborder Ceratioidei) to invade this dark and inhospitable regime: the development of a luminous bait and the achievement of a uniquely specialized sexual difference.
Frogfishes (suborder Antennarioidei) differ most distinctly from the goosefishes in having a high, slightly compressed head and body, and in lacking the series of spines just behind the head.
The name Homoptera, derived from the Greek "homo-" meaning uniform and "ptera" meaning wings, refers to the uniform texture of the front wings.
All members of the suborder Homoptera have piercing/sucking mouthparts and feed by withdrawing sap from vascular plants.
The proboscis is shorter than that found in true bugs (suborder Heteroptera), and it emerges near the ventral posterior margin of the head capsule (opistognathous).
Urban Entomology [Ebeling Chap. 9 part 3] Pests Attacking Mand and His Pets(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
A thorough discussion on the morphology and development of the free-living mites, on their role as parasites of animals and plants, and as vectors of disease, may be found in Mites, or the Acari by T. Hughes (1959).
Chiggers or "red bugs," called "harvest mites" in Europe, are.the larvae of mites belonging to the suborder Trombidiformes, which are worldwide in distribution.
The members of the suborder Trombidiformes are characterized by the respiratory system, when present, opening in the region of the gnathosoma, the portion of the body bearing the mouth and its appendages.
Phacopida(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
It is made up of a morphologically diverse group of related suborders.
The three suborders Phacopina, Calymenina, and Cheirurina all share a distinctive protaspis (developmental stage lacking segments).
The suborder Calymenina is the most primitive of the Phacopida order and shares some characteristics with the order Ptychopariida, though it is not included in the subclass Libristoma.
Most beetles feed on living or dead plant materials, but some are scavengers of dead animal matter and some prey on other insects.
The two suborders common to most schemes are Adephaga and Polyphaga.
The suborder Adephaga consists of several families of beetles that are mostly predaceous, including the tiger beetles and ground beetles, the true water beetles, and the whirligig beetles.
International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of the suborder Micrococcineae: ...(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of the suborder Micrococcineae: Minutes of the inaugural meeting, 29 July 2002, Paris, France -- Schumann and Busse 53 (3): 919 -- International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology
International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes Subcommittee on the taxonomy of the suborder Micrococcineae
of novel genera and species of the suborder were selected.
The uropods arise laterally, usually forming a distinct tailfan with the pleotelson.
With over 3,000 described species, Flabellifera is the second largest isopod suborder, represented in California by seven families, three of which (Anuropidae, Excorallanidae, Serolidae) have not been reported north of Point Conception.
Because of the great diversity of this suborder, it is more convenient to key the families first, and then the species in each family.
any member of the suborder Odontoceti (toothed whales; these include the above families and some others),
Porpoises (suborder Odontoceti, family Phocoenidae) are thus not dolphins in our sense.
Killer Whales and some related species belong to the Delphinidae family and therefore qualify as dolphins, even though they are called whales in common language.
Pictorial Guide to the Trilobite Suborder Olenellina (Redlichiida)(Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
Pictorial Guide to the Trilobite Suborder Olenellina (Redlichiida)
Compare the pictorial approach to the narrative equivalent below (salient features in color):
Presence of eyes, sutures, and typical thoracic structure suggest that Eodiscina may be more akin to (or a suborder of) Ptychopariida, but for now the overall similarity to Agnostina (and placement in Agnostida) prevails in the 1997 systematic treatment of the current Treatise.