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Topic: Subscapularis muscle

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	BioMed Central \| Full text \| Does preoperative abduction value affect functional outcome of combined muscle transfer ...
		We performed subscapularis muscle release and the latissimus dorsi and teres major muscle transfer at the same session since the mean age at surgery was 7.6 years.
		Subscapularis muscle was released from the anterior surface of the scapula subperiostally from a small incision at the lateral side of the scapula carefuly, in order to prevent injury to the pedicle of lattisimus dorsi and teres major muscles (Figure 6).
		In that condition, the levator scapulae muscle is utilised as an intrinsic stabilizer of glenohumeral joint and trapezius muscle is used as a prime mover for shoulder abduction with or without latissimus dorsi and teres major transfers [9].
	www.biomedcentral.com /1471-2474/5/25 (3717 words)

	abstracts
		Strong fibrous attachments of the subscapularis muscle were found along the lateral border of the scapula as well as along the medial third of the bony crests in the subscapular fossa.
		The subscapularis bursa was found in all cases as a pouch strongly attached to the scapular neck and the adjacent part of the joint capsule.
		It is the function of the subscapularis and subcoracoid bursae to manage the friction of the superficial fibers against the scapular neck, the humeral head, and the coracoid process.
	www.ombregt.be /abstracts/abstr009.HTM (328 words)

	PNS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The uppersubscapular nerve, C7 and C8, to the subscapularis muscle of the rotator cuff.
		The radial nerve, which innervates the triceps brachii muscle, the brachioradialis muscle, the extensor muscles of the fingers andwrist(extensorcarpi radialis muscle), and the externsor and abductor muscles of the thumb.
		It innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle, the flexor digitorumprofundi muscle to the ring and pinky fingers, and the intrinsic muscles of the hand (the interosseous muscle, the lumbrical muscles and the flexor pollicusbrevis muscle.
	www.therfcc.org /pns-58605.html (922 words)

	biology - Scapula
		The surface between the ridge and the axillary border is narrow in the upper two-thirds of its extent, and is crossed near its center by a groove for the passage of the scapular circumflex vessels; it affords attachment to the Teres minor.
		Of the three borders, the anterior is attached to the dorsal surface of the bone; the posterior, or crest of the spine, is broad, and presents two lips and an intervening rough interval.
		On the medial part of the root of the coracoid process is a rough impression for the attachment of the conoid ligament; and running from it obliquely forward and lateralward, on to the upper surface of the horizontal portion, is an elevated ridge for the attachment of the trapezoid ligament.
	www.biologydaily.com /biology/Scapula (2160 words)

	Subscapularis Muscle: - ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Repair of recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder using transfer of the subscapularis tendon.
		Release of the subscapularis for internal rotation contracture and pain after anterior repair for recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder.
		Operative treatment of irreparable rupture of the subscapularis.
	www.wheelessonline.com /05/182.htm (230 words)

	Shoulder muscle dysfunction and the golf swing
		These studies demonstrate that rotator cuff muscles (particularly the subscapularis), the latissimus dorsi and pectoralis major are highly active during the golf swing.
		The primary function of the subscapularis is internal rotation of the humerus.
		In this case, use a PNF pattern to eccentrically contract the antagonists of the subscapularis, which results in the facilitation of the external rotators and the reciprocal inhibition of the hypertonic subscapularis.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/18/10/14.html (2067 words)

	littérature palpation sous-scapulaire
		In this position, the infraspinatus tendon is deep to the posterior deltoid muscle and inferior to the acromial angle.
		The position that allowed maximum visual exposure of the subscapularis tendon with the least amount of' overlying tissue was with the shoulder adducted to the side of the thorax and neutral in terms of flexion/extension and medial/lateral rotation.
		tuberosity and the attached tendon of the subscapularis muscle deep to the deltoid muscle.
	www.ombregt.be /frans/schart3.htm (645 words)

	MassageToday.com
		The subscapularis is the muscle we use for forehand strokes in racquet sports, as well as for a tennis serve.
		The muscle belly is broadly attached in the subscapular fossa and is rarely injured.
		If the resisted test for subscapularis tendinitis is negative when performed in the standard 90-degree angle position, laterally rotating the arm to the 180-degree angle will increase the stress on the muscle-tendon unit and often tests positive.
	www.massagetoday.com /archives/2004/08/06.html (263 words)

	Shoulder Solutions - Shoulder Anatomy - Shoulder muscles and tendons
		The deltoid muscle is attached to the shoulder blade along the spine of the scapula (the acromion) and also attaches to part of the clavicle.
		The subscapularis muscle is attached to the deep surface of the scapula and then travels in front of the humeral head.
		This muscle is used to internally rotate the arm and to bring the arm down to the side of the body (a motion that is called "adduction").
	www.shouldersolutions.com /anatomy_3.php (429 words)

	Learn more about List of muscles of the human body in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		This is a list of muscles of the human anatomy.
		The muscles of the anterolateral region of the neck
		The muscles connecting the upper extremity to the anterior and lateral thoracic walls
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /l/li/list_of_muscles_of_the_human_body.html (201 words)

	VECTOR ANALYSIS OF GH JOINT FORCE GENERATED BY THE ROTATOR CUFF MUSCLES (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Of the 26 muscles controlling the shoulder girdle, only the four components of the rotator cuff are thought to play a significant role in the dynamic stability of shoulder joint.
		Muscle contraction provided not only the compressive force between the GH joint surface, but also the shear force in the transverse plane of joint surface.
		However, the transverse shear forces generated by muscle contraction could be either further enhance the stabilizing function or dislocating depending on the direction of loading.
	www.asb-biomech.org /onlineabs/NACOB98/54 (934 words)

	The Fenix Rehab System's myofascial release technique, ideal for chronic myofascial trigger points in muscles and ...
		Trigger points in the subscapularis muscles under each shoulder blade are very problematic causing progressive painful restrictions, especially when reaching up and backwards as when touching the back of your head.
		The subscapularis muscle can progress to the point of causing a "frozen shoulder," where an individual must basically keep their arm at their side as if in a sling because of the pain.
		This muscle is appropriately named for the subscapularis is attached to the underneath side of your shoulder blade (scapula, sub=under).
	www.fenixstopspain.com /shoulder_arm_pain.html (1890 words)

	Subscapularis muscle definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms
		Subscapularis muscle: A muscle that moves the arm by turning it inward (internal rotation).
		The tendon of the subscapularis muscle is one of four tendons that stabilize the shoulder joint and constitute the rotator cuff.
		The term "subscapularis" means under (sub) the scapula (the wingbone).
	www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=8196 (202 words)

	Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Hellenica
		The subscapularis tendon was identified and carefully dissected from the lesser tuberosity with a small piece of bone.
		Finally, the subscapularis tendon was transferred into the defect as close to the articular cartilage as possible in a way to achieve a buttress effect.
		In cases that the humeral head defect is greater than 45% of the articular surface or there is a significant deterioration of the remaining articular cartilage of the humeral head or the glenoid, prosthetic replacement is preferred.
	www.acta-ortho.gr /v54t3_4.html (2657 words)

	Shoulder Rehabilitation Part III
		Rowe also states that the most common lesion resulting in recurrent shoulder dislocation and subluxation is loss of stability along the rim of the glenoid due to avulsion of the capsule and labrum from the rim, which is known as Bankart's lesion.
		For example, the anterior muscles should be strengthened in a range that does not cause pain in a range of excessive external rotation, abduction and extension while the posterior muscles should be strengthened in a range that does not overly stress abduction and internal rotation.
		Therapeutic muscle stretching5 and contract/relax techniques should be used for the contractile components while prolonged stretching should be used for the passive structures.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/09/01/29.html (621 words)

	Brachial Plexus Anatomy
		The phrenic nerve (C3, 4, 5) passes between the anterior and middle scalenes and continues over the surface of the anterior scalene muscle, thus a diaphragmatic twitch during interscalene brachial plexus performed with a nerve stimulator may indicate placement of the needle anterior to the plexus.
		The musculocutaneous nerve leaves the brachial plexus sheath high in the axilla at the level of the lower border of the teres major muscle and passes into the substance of the coracobrachialis muscle.
		The posterior cord gives off the axillary nerve at the lower border of the subscapularis muscle and continues along the inferior and posterior surface of the axillary artery as the radial nerve.
	depts.washington.edu /anesth/regional/brachialplexusanatomy.html (1034 words)

	Bankart Procedure - Definition, Purpose, Demographics, Description, Diagnosis/Preparation, Aftercare, Risks, Normal ...
		The surgeon makes a long incision to gain access to the joint, often cutting through the deltoid muscle to operate on the internal structures of the shoulder, and proceeds to sew the joint capsule to the detached labrum tissues.
		The detached part of the labrum and the associated ligaments are reattached to bone along the rim of the glenohumeral cavity through a small "keyhole" incision.
		In this technique, the coracoid process (a long, curved projection from the scapula) with its muscle attachments is transferred to the neck of the scapula and creates a muscle sling at the front of the glenohumeral joint.
	www.surgeryencyclopedia.com /A-Ce/Bankart-Procedure.html (1671 words)

	Release of the subscapularis for internal rotation contracture and pain - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		Ten patients who had an internal rotation contracture and pain after an anterior repair for recurrent dislocation of the shoulder were treated by release of the subscapularis muscle.
		After release of the subscapularis, each patient had less pain in the shoulder and an average increase of 27 degrees of external rotation.
		Release of the subscapularis can offer relief of pain and of functional limitations associated with the symptoms caused by an internal rotation contracture after an anterior repair of the shoulder.
	new.wheelessonline.com /ortho/release_of_the_subscapularis_for_internal_rotation_contracture_and_pain (162 words)

	[No title]
		MR did show that the subscapularis muscle was retracted with its tendinous termination in relation to the bony fragment, indicating that a lesser tuberosity avulsion existed (Figs 1b, 1c).
		The subscapularis tendon may be intact in many of these cases, although its rupture is a prerequisite for entry of the biceps tendon into the joint space (8).
		The subscapularis tendon in some manner is always involved in posterior dislocations; it may be stretched across the anterior glenoid or it may tear or be avulsed from the lesser tuberosity (1).
	www.netside.net /~manomed/disloc.html (966 words)

	Strength - Shoulder pain reduction using resistance training (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The three bones in the shoulder complex are the Clavicle, Humerus and Scapula (the collarbone, upper arm and the shoulder blade).
		These diminutive muscles surround the shoulder joint and hold the Humerus in the shallow socket of the Scapula.
		The Subscapularis rotates the arm inward, bringing the elbow forward when the arm is held at the side of the body.
	www.brianmac.demon.co.uk /articles/scni15a5.htm (1231 words)

	Accessory Lifts
		Strength training these muscles is often referred to a “accessory lifting,” giving the impression that they are not mandatory to strengthen.
		This exercise strengthens the spinal errector muscles and oblique abdominal muscles.
		These muscles form the rotator cuff and are responsible for protecting against shoulder dislocation.
	www.athleticadvisor.com /Weight_Room/accessory_lifts.htm (619 words)

	eMedicine - Shoulder Impingement Syndrome : Article Excerpt by Thomas M DeBerardino
		The supraspinatus muscle is responsible for initiating abduction, the infraspinatus and teres minor muscles control external rotation, and the subscapularis muscle controls internal rotation.
		The rotator cuff muscles provide dynamic stabilization to the humeral head on the glenoid fossa, forming a force couple with the deltoid to allow elevation of the arm.
		Furthermore, as the rotator cuff muscles fatigue, the humeral head translates anteriorly and superiorly, impinging upon the coracoacromial arch.
	www.emedicine.com /sports/byname/shoulder-impingement-syndrome.htm (1223 words)

	Open ‘Bankart’ repair for recurrent anterior dislocation of the shoulder (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The subscapularis muscle and its tendon is identified by externally rotating the arm.
		With the arm in external rotation careful division of the subscapularis tendon is carried out about 1- 2 CMS from its insertion just lateral to the musculotendinous junction (Figure 11).
		The subscapularis muscle is then stripped off the anterior capsule, which is left undamaged, and retracted medially.
	www.edu.rcsed.ac.uk /HowIDoIt/Open%20Bankart%20Repair.htm (2172 words)

	Lab Manual - Axilla & Arm
		Now look for the upper subscapular nerve to the subscapularis muscle (the accompanying artery is a muscular branch of the axillary artery to the subscapularis muscle).
		Identify the lower subscapular nerve to the teres major and subscapularis muscles.
		Note that it forms a complete sheath for the arm, and is continuous with fascia of the deltoid, the fascia of the muscles forming the posterior and anterior axillary folds, the axillary fascia, and with the antebrachial fascia (deep, investing) of the forearm.
	www.med.umich.edu /lrc/coursepages/M1/anatomy/html/limbs/axilla.html (1689 words)

	[No title]
		Since many muscles surround and attach to the shoulder, shoulder blade and upper arm from the neck, upper back, arm and chest wall, one can see that the area of damage and irritation can involve multiple structures.
		Any one or more of these muscles can be torn in conjunction with chest, neck and arm muscles to give a complex pattern of pain and poor function.
		Tendons are the interconnecting fibers that attach muscle to joint and bone.
	www.northstarchiro.com /fort-worth-chiropractor/chiropractic-conditions/shoulder.htm (802 words)

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