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Topic: Subsoil

In the News (Tue 2 Dec 08)

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	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The subsoil is clayey and extends to a depth of 18 to 30 inches.
		The subsoil is clayey and extends to a depth of 40 to 60 inches.
		The subsoil is clayey and extends to a depth of 20 to 40 inches.
	www.griffingeorgia.com /soils_bu/bu_soils.rtf (3483 words)

	General Guide for Nutrient Recommendations in Iowa
		Subsoil P is determined by the Bray P1 soil test for samples taken from the 30- to 42-inch depth.
		Subsoil K is determined by the ammonium acetate soil test for samples taken from the 12- to 24-inch depth.
		Subsoil P and K levels for soil series with more than 5,000 acres and a corn suitability rating (CSR) greater than 30 are given in Table 18 for each of the major soil areas in Iowa that contain the principal soil associations shown in Figure 1.
	www.agron.iastate.edu /courses/Agron354l/Nutrec.htm (2357 words)

	Soil Compaction: Causes, Effects, and Control
		There is a real dif-ficulty in accurately predicting the effects on crop yield from subsoiling a given field because of differences in soils, the level of subsoil compaction, the soil water content, subsequent traffic, uncertainties of future weather conditions, and differences in the crop grown and in tillage methods.
		In a Waseca study, subsoiling to a depth of 16 inches failed to increase yields on the 20-ton per axle treatments for either corn or soybeans and decreased corn yield 11 bu/a in one of the two years.
		Another reason cited for the failure of subsoiling to remove a compacted layer is that subsequent wheel traffic may have reintroduced the compacted layer, thus negating the effects of sub-soiling.
	www.extension.umn.edu /distribution/cropsystems/components/3115s02.html (2020 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A practical subsoil nutrient evaluation requires collection of two samples, a topsoil sample and a subsoil sample is recommended, and the subsoil sample will provide the information for adjusting the topsoil sample fertilizer recommendation.
		Subsoil nutrient evaluation permits the fertilization adjustments of potassium, magnesium and sulfur applications which is a cost saving measure, particularly for marginal and small farmers.
		However, in-row subsoiling may need to be a part of the cultural practice for row crops.
	www.clemson.edu /agsrvlb/newsle~1.txt (990 words)

	Текст Закона "О недрах" Кыргызской Республики (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Subsoil - a part of the surface of the Earth, including mineral resources which extends from the surface or lower border of the soil, the bottom of water reservoirs and channels to depths which are accessible for geological surveying and industrial development.
		Geological subsoil study - a set of special research activities pertaining to search and exploration of deposits, determining the amount and quality of a stock of raw minerals contained in the subsoil, and assessment of their economic value, and study of other geological objects which were not related to mineral recovery.
		Subsoil protection - ensuring rational use of subsoil and mineral resources contained therein, extraction of these mineral resources to the maximum possible extent and in the volume which is economically viable, the complex use of deposits and extracted raw minerals at all stages of processing.
	www.kgs.bishkek.gov.kg /zakon_text_eng.htm (5557 words)

	Research: Irrigated cotton doesn't need subsoil tillage (08-26-2004)
		Subsoiling is best done in the fall when the ground is most dry and hard.
		If rains keep machinery out of the fields during this window, fields that are subsoiled in the spring may not benefit as much from the tillage.
		He looked at cotton grown with and without irrigation on ground that was subsoiled or left undisturbed.
	msucares.com /news/print/agnews/an04/040826.html (556 words)

	How do I save fertilizer and money by sampling the subsoil of Coastal Plains soils? How should I do the sampling? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Subsoil samples from fields that have been cropped for several years, however, have usually tested sufficient in sulfur.
		For the plants to utilize subsoil nutrients efficiently, subsoiling may be necessary to insure that a hard-pan will not deter access of the roots to the subsoil.
		The subsoil clay should also be no greater than 15 to 20 inches from the soil surface and have a pH value greater than about 5.0.
	hubcap.clemson.edu /~blpprt/bobweb/BOBWEB26.HTM (335 words)

	Mulcher fights subsoil compaction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The reason for this is roots tend to grow deeper after subsoiling.
		In the case of soybeans, subsoiling may mean an additional two to five bushels per acre yield on drought prone soils that aren't irrigated.
		Subsoiling can help farmers in dry summers, because any moisture that crops receive can penetrate to greater depths.
	www.hpj.com /archives/premiere2/Mulcherfightssubsoilcompact.CFM (245 words)

	Concessions: from d'Arcy to Kozak - OGEL - Oil, Gas & Energy Law Intelligence @ www.gasandoil.com/ogel/ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Some proposals are impracticable (e.g., requirement to conclude concession contracts with the subsoil user on terms and conditions established by existing licences, which, in their turn, had been concluded in the absence of the MRPT in the tax system, while the fees it would replace existed), and make the "concession initiative" unfeasible as proposed.
		The experience of these countries is often used by the opponents of application of the civil law relationships in the oil and gas complex of Russia as an example to justify possibility of a effective attraction of investments in oil and gas, and on the basis of a licensing system.
		But in the version of the Law on the Subsoil of March 3, 1995 the notion of 'concession' was deleted from the article and was not reinstated in the later versions (of February 10, 1999 and of January 2, 2000).
	www.gasandoil.com /ogel/samples/freearticles/roundup_06.htm (4398 words)

	United Nations Statistics Division - National Accounts
		Subsoil assets consist of known deposits of coal, oil, gas or other fuels and metallic ores, and non-metallic minerals, etc., that are located below or on the earth's surface, including deposits under the sea.
		The transactions in subsoil assets recorded in the capital account refer to acquisitions or disposals of deposits of subsoil assets by purchases or sales, barter or transfers in kind; in other words, they consist of transactions in which the ownership of such assets passes from one institutional unit to another.
		The owner of subsoil assets, who is often a government unit, may grant a concession or lease to another institutional unit entitling the latter to extract the asset over a specified period of time in return for a series of payments (usually described as royalties).
	unstats.un.org /unsd/sna1993/tocLev8.asp?L1=10&L2=5 (1218 words)

	LeBoeuf, Lamb, Greene & MacRae, L.L.P. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		We take into account the most recent draft version of the New Subsoil Law — which was apparently approved by the RF Government in mid-March (i.e., a few weeks ago) for submission to the Parliament for consideration and hoped-for enactment some time this year.
		Subsoil rights holders must be Russian individuals (except to the extent individuals are restricted by law from being license holders) or Russian companies.
		foreign legal entities, a group of persons may be subsoil users as long as federal laws or the decision on conducting a [particular] auction adopted in accordance with [this law] do not provide otherwise.
	www.russianlaws.com /subsoil4.html (1895 words)

	Subsoil Nutrients
		or the plants to utilize subsoil nutrients efficiently, subsoiling may be necessary to ensure that a hardpan will not deter access of the roots to the subsoil.
		The subsoil clay should also be no greater than 15 to 20 inches from the soil surface and have a pH value higher than 5.0.
		If a subsoil test indicates a high level of magnesium, then any recommendations for magnesium indicated by the plow layer soil test can be ignored.
	hubcap.clemson.edu /~blpprt/IL70.html (731 words)

	ARS \| Publication request: Shrinkage in a Normania Clay Loam Compacted under Different Axle Loads
		Wet clods were sampled from the Ap and subsoil horizons of a Normania clay loam (fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Udic Haplustoll) in the spring of 1991 without further fragmentation after the soil had a full winter to swell following moldboard plowing in the fall.
		The dry bulk density of subsoil clods (1.77 g cm-3) was significantly greater than in the Ap layer (1.68 g cm-3), but no statistical differences were observed among compaction treatments.
		Maximum shrinkage was always less than 1 and averaged 0.61 in the subsoil compared to 0.80 in the Ap layer, which indicates nearly all structural and residual shrinkage after immediate air entry during gravity drainage.
	www.ars.usda.gov /research/publications/publications.htm?seq_no_115=78592 (478 words)

	Managing Subsoil Material At The Surface (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Subsoil materials are frequently encountered at the surface of the ground as a result of erosion of the native topsoil or severe soil disturbances associated with earth moving and construction activities.
		Subsoils in humid regions are usually highly leached, acidic, and infertile, while subsoils from drier areas tend to be much less acidic, but may be high in shrink-swell clays and/or salts.
		Subsoil materials left by construction and earth moving are often unnaturally mixed and are variable from point to point.
	www.ext.vt.edu /departments/envirohort/factsheets2/soils/jul94pr2.html (334 words)

	Cause #: 90-292r.v6.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Order: The determination by the Department, that eighteen (18) inches is a minimum standard for total soil replacement (topsoil and subsoil) on non-prime farmland areas with a land use of cropland, was not adopted as a rule in conformance with IC 4-22-2 and does not have the force of law.
		The director may require that portions of the subsoil be removed and segregated, stockpiled and redistributed as subsoil in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs (sic., subsections] (d) and (e) of this rule (sic., section] if he finds such subsoil layers are necessary to comply with the revegetation requirements of 310 IAC 12-5.
		This contention appears to be in conflict with the language of subsection (f), which requires a special "finding" by the director that the subsoil is needed for revegetation, and with the office of Surface Mining interpretation of the parallel federal regulation (acknowledging the need for subsoil separation in "some limited circumstances").
	www.state.in.us /nrc/decision/90-292r.v6.html (3818 words)

	Method for obtaining dielectric constant and conductivity information on subsoil structure using continuous complex ...
		The method of claim 13 for determining dielectric constant and conductivity of subsoil components wherein said subsoil components are selected from one of the following coal deposits, oil shale deposits, petroleum deposits, mineral deposits, organic chemical contaminants, inorganic chemical contaminants, fractures, geologic structure and stratigraphy, faults, fresh water, saline water, or buried objects.
		The method of claim 19 for determining dielectric constant and conductivity of subsoil components wherein said subsoil components are selected from one of the following coal deposits, oil shale deposits, petroleum deposits, mineral deposits, organic chemical contaminants, inorganic chemical contaminants, fractures, faults, geologic structure and geologic stratigraphy, fresh water, saline water, or buried objects.
		Knowledge of the physical properties of the subsoil structure (stratigraphy) in an area is very useful to predict the condition and components of the soil.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4755944.html (6805 words)

	PRESENTATION OF THE CONCEPT OF SHARING OF PRODUCTION
		PSA – this is a special form of subsoil use relations based on civil-legal contractual principles for relations between a state and an investor with respect to prospecting, exploration and extraction of mineral resources.
		The granting to an investor of exclusive rights denotes that the state during the period of PSA’s validity, is obligated to abstain on the given subsoil area from activity included in the volume of the transferred rights and not permit such activity on the part of third persons.
		The investor is also the owner of the extracted raw materials, bears all expenses and risks, makes payments to the state for the use of the subsoil and all other taxes and fees envisioned by law, but the state structures its relations with the investor on an authoritative, administrative- managerial basis.
	www.rulg.com /documents/The_Concept_of_Production_Sharing.htm (2136 words)

	Converted file jts
		The DNR contends that soil replacement depths (and, thus, whether subsoil removal and replacement of the subsoil are required) are dependent upon both the revegetation requirements of 310 IAC 12-5 and the land capability restoration requirements of 310 Ind.Administrative Code 12-5-68.
		The director may require that portions of the subsoil be removed and segregated, stockpiled and redistributed as subsoil in accordance with the requirements of paragraphs (d) and (e) of this rule if he finds such subsoil layers are necessary to comply with the revegetation requirements of 310 IAC 12-5.
		The DNR’s position that Peabody has the burden of persuading it that portions of the subsoil do not need to be removed and replaced ignores the plain language of the regulation, which provides that the director of the DNR “may require that portions of the subsoil be removed and.
	www.state.in.us /judiciary/opinions/archive/11160001.jts.html (3129 words)

	Delaware Department of Transportation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		These gray-brown and gray silty clays may represent subsoil deposited during the excavation of the two later wells, Features 274 and 285.
		The remaining 2.9 feet of the well was excavated with a backhoe due to the unstable nature of the sandy subsoil and the water table.
		The builder's trench was filled with a heavily mottled gray clay and orange sands with occasional pockets of slightly organic brown sand.
	www.deldot.net /static/projects/archaeology/wynn_wilson_lewis/wells_associated_features.html (4909 words)

	Topsoiling
		Clayey topsoil over sandy subsoil is a particularly poor combination, as water creeps along the junction between the two soil layers and may cause the topsoil to slough.
		Topsoil is the surface layer of the soil profile, generally characterized as darker than the subsoil due to the enrichment with organic matter.
		Where subsoils are high in clay, the topsoil layer may be significantly coarser in texture.
	www.p2pays.org /ref/02/01524/urbst981.htm (854 words)

	01.06.6 Mean pH Values as an Average of Topsoil and Subsoil
		The arithmetic average was thus calculated from the typical pH values for the topsoil and subsoil.
		The gradation of the mean pH values, as averages of the topsoil and subsoil values, has been carried out according to the Soil-Scientific Mapping Directive (Bodenkundliche Kartieranleitung) (1994) in the stages 1 - 13, from extremely alkaline to extremely acidic (cf.
		This gradation permits the soil reaction to be differentiated according to its alkalinity or acidity.
	www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de /umwelt/umweltatlas/ed10606.htm (355 words)

	Detecting subsoil constraints on farms in the Murray Mallee
		The variable nature of subsoil constraints across farm fields has been long recognised but little progress has been made in identifying and managing this variation for profitable outcomes.
		Since no significant subsoil constraints were present at Swan Reach weak relationships are expected, as the key factors would be temporal in nature.
		Progress to date is encouraging, as it is now possible to spatially identify subsoil constraints that are correlated with EM38 measurements at a sub-paddock scale.
	www.regional.org.au /au/asa/2003/c/15/oleary.htm (1653 words)

	Hydraulic and Subsoil Structures
		Powerhouse combined with a dam, overall dimensions 78.5 x 36.6 x 30.4 meters, thickness of foundation 5 to 10 meters and of rear wall 2 to 7 meters.
		The entire structure is without any joint and has a three-dimensional prestress of 0.8 to 1.0 MN per square meters.
		Model tests and measurements demonstrated that only about 18% of the longitudinal and transverse prestress are taken by the subsoil (clay slate).
	nisee.berkeley.edu /leonhardt/html/hydraulic_and_subsoil_structures.html (398 words)

	RUSSIA: Overview of Subsoil Use Regulation in Russia; Licensing of Exploration and Mining
		The Subsoil Law provides that subsoil natural resources may be exploited only in accordance with the terms of a subsoil use license—validly issued pursuant to the joint decision of the Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) and regional administrations.
		If subsoil use operations are governed by a production sharing agreement, the term of the license can be extended in accordance with the provisions of such agreement.
		The authority of the Russian government to adopt a list of subsoil plots which can be developed under the terms of a PSA concerns mainly relatively small deposits.
	www.bisnis.doc.gov /bisnis/country/010816subsoil.htm (1776 words)

	San Joaquin Soil History & Description
		The subsoil rests abruptly on a mainly silica-cemented hardpan at depths ranging from 20 to 40 inches.
		The subsoil reported as a sticky and very plastic, brownish red sandy clay loam about 10 inches thick resting abruptly on a red or brownish red, indurated hardpan.
		The concept was similar to that used by the Eleventh Farm Credit District except that the subsoil was described as a sandy clay with an abrupt upper and lower boundary.
	www.northcoast.com /~mwreed/stasoil2.htm (2196 words)

	Survey of Current Business: Accounting for Subsoil Mineral Resources - Statistical Data Included
		The value of subsoil mineral assets in the United States could fall because much cheaper sources of supply are available abroad.
		While subsoil assets currently account for only a small share of total wealth in the United States and do not appear to pose a threat to sustainable economic growth at present, this situation could change in the future.
		If 100 percent of the 387,000,000-acre U.S. land mass is mineable in the future (an obvious overestimate), the current value of subsoil mineral resources other than reserves is on the order of $19.4 billion at $50 per acre.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3SUR/is_2_80/ai_62290093/pg_13 (1426 words)

	Subsoil H20
		The subsoil moisture samples are taken to a depth of five feet in one-foot increments.
		Timeliness and intensity of the rain events greatly effects water infiltration into the soil and the plant's ability to utilize the moisture.
		Keep in mind that rainfall is variable across the region and the samples capture only a snapshot of time and location of actual subsoil moisture status.
	www.extension.iastate.edu /nwcrops/subsoil_h20.htm (198 words)

	Traffic-Load-Induced Permanent Deformation of Road on Soft Subsoil (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A method for predicting the traffic-load-induced settlement of road on soft subsoil with a low embankment is proposed.
		The traffic-load-induced dynamic stress is subsoil is calculated by the multilayer elastic theory (not covered in this paper).
		Then the plastic vertical strain in subsoil is calculated by an empirical equation, in which constants are related to the physical and mechanical properties of subsoil.
	www.pubs.asce.org /WWWdisplay.cgi?0205244 (163 words)

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