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Topic: Subspecies (biology)

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	Animal Info - Diademed Sifaka
		subspecies of the diademed sifaka; its coat is white, gray and golden.
		subspecies is restricted to the rain forests of eastern and northeastern
		perrieri) is the smallest subspecies and the diademed sifaka
	www.animalinfo.org /species/primate/propdiad.htm (2215 words)

	[No title]
		Despite their use of freshwater habitats, the biology of the inland populations appears to differ little from that of birds living in tidal marshes, where the species is presumed to have evolved (Beecher 1955, Werner and Woolfenden 1983, Post and Greenlaw 1994).
		As in the case of nigrescens, the Cape Sable subspecies is a focus of concern because of wide-scale alterations of its habitat.
		Biology of the Yellow-shouldered Blackbird - Agelaius on a tropical island.
	www.sfrestore.org /sct/sparrow/3post2.doc (7755 words)

	International Wolf Center Intermediate Wolf Information
		A subspecies is a group of individuals within a species that share a geographic location and may have some unique physical characteristics.
		Since the predominant color phase of this subspecies is a creamy white, which camouflages it in snowy surroundings, it is often called the white wolf.
		This subspecies is now believed extinct in the wild, but may be represented in captivity or the reintroduced population in North Carolina.
	www.wolf.org /wolves/learn/intermed/inter_sci/wolf_subspecies.asp (1080 words)

	Crocodilian Biology Database - Evolution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Some authors still contend that the yacare caiman is a subspecies of the common caiman (e.g., Caiman crocodilus yacare).
		Some authors refer to the caiman of Mexico and Central America as a separate subspecies (Caiman crocodilus chiapasius); the chiapasius name originated with Bocourt in 1876 and is in the synonymy of fuscus.
		Medem, F. A New Subspecies of Caiman sclerops from Colombia.
	www.flmnh.ufl.edu /natsci/herpetology/brittoncrocs/cbd-evo-1.htm (2008 words)

	Mexican Spotted Owl Recovery Program (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The Mexican subspecies is geographically isolated from both the California and northern subspecies.
		For example, all three subspecies are most common in forests of complex structure, prey mainly on nocturnally-active small mammals, and share similar vocalizations and reproductive chronologies.
		The distributional pattern of the Mexican spotted owl is more disjunct than that of the other subspecies, with the possible exception of the California spotted owl population in the mountain ranges of southern California (Noon and McKelvey 1992).
	ifw2es.fws.gov /mso/Biology.cfm (1636 words)

	Race - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		One of the crucial innovations in reconceptualizing genotypic and phenotypic variation was anthropologist C. Loring Brace's observation that such variations, insofar as it is affected by natural selection, migration, or genetic drift, are distributed along geographic gradations; these gradations are called "clines" (Brace 1964).
		Modern research in molecular biology, however, has provided evolutionary scientists with a whole new kind of data, which adds considerably to the knowledge of our past.
		Formation of species and subspecies is also indicated, and the formation of "races" is indicated in the green rectangle to the right (note that only a very rough representation of human phylogeny is given, and the points made in the preceding section, insofar as they apply to an "African race", are understood here).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Race (7577 words)

	all about gorillas
		Gorillas, the largest of the great apes, are divided into three subspecies: (1) western lowland gorillas (Gorillas gorilla gorilla), (2) eastern lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla graueri), and (3) mountain gorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringei).
		The three gorilla subspecies are very similar and show only minor differences in size, build, and coloring.
		The approximate ranges where each of the subspecies lives are shown on the map of Central Africa.
	www.cotf.edu /ete/modules/mgorilla/mgbiology.html (887 words)

	International Wolf Center Wolf Basics - FAQ
		There are five subspecies of the gray wolf in North America and seven to 12 in Eurasia.
		Subspecies are often difficult to distinguish from one another.
		The different traits we see in subspecies are likely the result of geographic range, available habitat, and prey base.
	www.wolf.org /wolves/learn/basic/faq.asp (1357 words)

	Biology Department: Pigmy Rattlesnakes, Pig Info (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Our studies of the thermal biology of pigmy rattlesnakes have shown these snakes are active over a wide range of temperatures.
		While pigmies in both Florida and other parts of their range occur in a variety of habitat types, including xeric uplands, our populations are found in moist forest subject to extended flooding (170kb) for sometimes several months at a time.
		The specific characteristics of these floodplain habitats probably strongly influences many aspects of the biology of pigmies occurring there, so it is hard to know how the findings from our study apply to populations of pigmies occurring in other areas or habitat types.
	www.stetson.edu /departments/biology/piginfo.shtml (3910 words)

	Wolf Biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		All subspecies of Canis lupus, or Gray Wolf, are remarkably similar.
		Classification is difficult because wolves, so similar to their subspecies in the first place, travel, cutting into the territories of other wolf subspecies, sometimes even interbreeding with the other race and creating pups that are even more difficult to classify.
		Long thought to be a subspecies of the Gray Wolf, it is now considered to be a separate species in its own right.
	www.kerwoodwolf.com /BIOLOGY.htm (3490 words)

	SCB Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Conservation biology is a mission-oriented science that focuses on how to protect and restore biodiversity, or the diversity of life on Earth.
		Like medical research, conservation biology deals with issues where quick action is critical and the consequences of failure are great.
		Subspecies are genetically distinct populations of a species and can be very different from each other.
	conbio.net /SCB/Services/Education/faq.cfm (2511 words)

	A new tiger subspecies?
		Conservation strategies to combat the grinding attrition of tiger populations are tailored to each subspecies.
		But several lines of evidence suggest that subspecies designations--based on geographic range and morphological traits such as body size, skull traits, coat color, and striping patterns--may be flawed.
		DNA was extracted from tigers originating in the Russian far east (Siberian, or Amur, tigers), south China, northern Indochina, the Malaya Peninsula, Sumatra, and the Indian subcontinent.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-12/plos-ant113004.php (411 words)

	Biology News: New subspecies of tiger is christened
		Biology News: New subspecies of tiger is christened
		Indochinese tigers should properly be thought of as two separate subspecies, according to the genetic analysis by Shu-Jin Luo, of the US National Cancer Institute's Laboratory of Genomic Diversity in Maryland, and her colleagues.
		Although tiger subspecies can interbreed, it may be better to breed like with like, to preserve features such as body size that may help the various groups to survive in their different habitats.
	www.bioedonline.org /news/news.cfm?art=1423 (650 words)

	Speciation
		It is no accident that the various races (or "subspecies") of animals almost never occupy the same territory.
		The seven distinct subspecies or races of the yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas in the continental U.S. would soon merge into a single homogeneous population if they occupied the same territory and bred with one another.
		The question of their status — subspecies or true species — is resolved if they ever do come to occupy the same territory again (become sympatric).
	users.rcn.com /jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/S/Speciation.html (2381 words)

	Biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Checklists of all amphibian species and subspecies currently recognized in North America north of Mexico are sorted by family, then species name.
		Biology Online provides access to a large amount of information and is divided into three main sections.
		The publication is "run by and for the scientific community in the broadest sense: researchers, teachers, students, physicians, and the public." Open access means that everything published will immediately be freely available for download, print, or distribution as long as proper credit is given to authors.
	www.jsu.edu /depart/library/graphic/biology.htm (2022 words)

	Response to the External Review
		As a subspecies adapted to habitats subject to a highly unpredictable disturbance regime, populations may shift locations, disappearing from and reappearing in particular habitat patches.
		The controversy surrounding the existence and causes of a global decline in the Cape Sable Seaside Sparrow is borne from the scientific uncertainty surrounding almost every facet of the biology of this difficult to observe subspecies.
		Extensive research on the population biology of the subspecies began in 1992, and many of the important details of these studies are not yet published.
	www.env.duke.edu /people/faculty/pimm/cssp/extreview.html (13346 words)

	Notes on the butterfly genus Cercyonis (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Laboratory cultures of three different subspecies were established in the summer of 1993.
		All taxonomically useful characters that have been used to define forms or subspecies in this butterfly complex therefore are confined to the adult stage.
		Studies on larval biology and mating habits of Cercyonis pegala showed that mating is restricted to different hours in the day for different populations, even when all are bred under similar conditions.
	cmave.usda.ufl.edu /biocontrol/as-cv/abst-cercy.htm (406 words)

	OceanInfo: Sea Otters, Enhydra lutris (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The biology of animals that have been traditionally hunted are usually well known.
		A second wave of study in sea otter biology was initiated at the beginning of the twentieth century in efforts to prevent the animal's extinction.
		Despite recent advances in the field, some taxonomists still subscribe to the three original subspecies while others suggest that even those racial distinctions are unsubstantiated.
	oceanlink.island.net /oinfo/otterpage/otter.html (2684 words)

	The Action Plan for Australian Reptiles - Species - Yinnietharra Rock Dragon
		13.2: Research is needed into the basic biology and ecology of the species in the field; it should include long term monitoring of changes in population size, habitat use and geographic range.
		13.2: Research is needed into the basic biology and ecology of the subspecies in the field; it should include long term monitoring of changes in population size, habitat use and geographic range.
		13.3: Research is needed to document the extent of the subspecies' decline and to identify the major factors contributing to that decline.
	www.deh.gov.au /biodiversity/threatened/action/reptiles/7.html (1983 words)

	subspecies - definition from Biology-Online.org
		A group somewhat lessdistinct than speciesusually are, but based on characters more important than those which characterise ordinary varieties; often, a geographical variety or race.
		(biology) a taxonomic group that is a division of a species; usually arises as a consequence of geographical isolation within a species.
		Our own species, Homo sapiens sapiens is a prime example of a subspecies, which over time had diversified from Homo sapiens and respective common ancestors.
	www.biology-online.org /dictionary/Subspecies (72 words)

	Peregrine biology - identification
		The Peale's Peregrine is the largest and darkest of the North American subspecies.
		The moustache is narrower than that of the Anatum, but wider than that of the Tundra, and unlike the other subspecies, the Peale's has dark streaking in the auricular patch.
		As a result, it is possible to detect whether inbreeding is occurring in populations, and whether subspecies are hybridizing.
	www.peregrine-foundation.ca /info/identification.html (1194 words)

	Bass Biology, Behavior, Habits, and Anatomy
		In 1999, the shoal bass was officially recognized as a new species, and it has been given its own a scientific name (cataractae).
		It is a distinct species with no known subspecies and no nonindigeneous stock.
		Texas Christian Univ. Biology Dept. Effects of Fish on Lakes: A Bibliography by Dr. Ray Drenner
	www.bassdozer.com /bass_biology.shtml (441 words)

	GENES REVEAL NEW SUBSPECIES OF TIGER (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Biologists traditionally have recognized eight subspecies of tiger, including three that were wiped out by hunting and habitat destruction in the 20th century.
		The new study splits that subspecies into two: the Malayan tiger, found on the Malaysian Peninsula, and the northern Indochinese tiger, found in areas ranging from Myanmar to extreme southwest China.
		Biologists traditionally use physical characteristics such as skull size, coloration and stripe pattern to distinguish one tiger subspecies from another, but the Malayan and northern Indochinese subspecies are nearly identical in appearance, Sunquist said.
	www.napa.ufl.edu /2004news/tigersubspecies.htm (404 words)

	Peregrine biology - habitat
		The Peale's subspecies is largely restricted to coastal areas from Alaska south to Oregon.
		Peregrines nesting in the boreal forest and tundra of Alaska and the Canadian Arctic are mostly of the Tundra subspecies.
		The Peale's Peregrine is primarily sedentary, but both the Tundra and Anatum Peregrines generally migrate south for the winter (though the Tundra is the much more migratory subspecies, and many Anatum individuals remain on their territories throughout the year).
	www.peregrine-foundation.ca /info/habitat.html (875 words)

	When It Comes To Song, Birds Spot The Similarity And Difference
		In the first experiment, just 11 to 13 days after birth, the birds heard recordings of their own subspecies (the mountain white crowned sparrow) and those of another subspecies (the Nuttall's white-crowned sparrow), which lives about 200 km from their nesting site.
		The results showed that the birds responded with more chirping when they heard the songs of their own subspecies compared to when they heard the Nuttall's song.
		The own subspecies song is retained in memory more firmly than are the songs of another subspecies, whether or not there has been any tutoring with them," he said.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2000/11/001113234726.htm (868 words)

	APSnet Education Center - Plant Disease Lessons - Blackleg of potato - Pathogen Biology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		These subspecies can cause decay of potato tuber slices but do not cause the flleg disease.
		Preliminary results suggest that the atroseptica subspecies does not occur on potato where the newly-described subspecies, tentatively named brasiliensis, occurs.
		The most distinguishing feature of the flleg bacterium is its pectolytic enzyme activity but in contrast to many of the other pectolytic bacteria it does not grow above 36°C/97°F. It is facultatively anaerobic meaning that it can grow both with and without the presence of oxygen.
	www.apsnet.org /education/lessonsplantpath/BlacklegPotato/pathbio.htm (412 words)

	MassWildlife Black Bear Biology FAQs
		It was once a common practice to “describe” new species or subspecies of animals based on minor physical differences among a small sample of animals.
		Black bears are typically fl overall, with brown muzzles, perhaps brown spots over the eyes, and sometimes a white V or patch on the chest.
		However, one of the named subspecies of fl bear is the so-called “cinnamon” bear (Ursus americanus cinnamonum) described in 1854 by J.J. Audubon and J. Bachman from a specimen taken in Colorado.
	www.mass.gov /dfwele/dfw/dfw_bear_biology_faqs.htm (13655 words)

	Genes reveal new subspecies of Tiger
		Agricultural Sciences and a co-author of the study.
		many subspecies of tiger exist in the wild.
		Biologists traditionally have recognized eight subspecies of tiger,
	homepage.mac.com /chwalzer/iblog/C1080593001/E848378431 (184 words)

	A New Tiger Subspecies?
		But several lines of evidence suggest that subspecies designations—based on geographic range and morphological traits such as body size, skull traits, coat color, and striping patterns—may be flawed.
		An earlier molecular study of 28 tigers found little evidence of genetically distinct subspecies, while surveys of tiger habitat found few physical barriers sufficient for subspecies isolation.
		Their results support many of the traditional subspecies designations and identify further subdivisions in others.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2004/12/041208094821.htm (839 words)

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