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Topic: Substance theory

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	Mind
		The view of common sense, it seems, is opposed to a bundle theory of the mind.
		Philosophers have not infrequently bandied the phrase "mental substance," and indeed, it has been made central to the ontologies of several philosophers, including most notably Gottfried Leibniz; according to Leibniz, the monad, a "simple soul," is that in terms of which everything else in the universe was to be explained.
		David Hume was very famous for advocating a bundle theory of mind (though the interpretation of Hume on this point is often one of some controversy) and for arguing forcefully against the idea of mental substance.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/mi/Mind.html (447 words)

	Substance - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Substance theory, in philosophy, that element of an object without which it would not exist, or what exists only by itself (causa sui)
		Chemical substance, in chemistry, a substance is an element or compound with uniform composition.
		Substance (medicine), in medicine, substance is any drug, chemical, or biologic entity, as well as any material capable of being self-administered or abused because of its physiologic or psychologic effects
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Substance (200 words)

	Substance (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Third, he develops a theory of substance which is realist about particular objects and their properties, but conceptualist or conventionalist about our classifications, within the constraints that the facts about particulars and properties impose.
		Substances — that is, a framework of stable, enduring objects — are essential, but the source of this necessity lies not how the world is in itself, but in the framework which we are obliged to impose.
		Substances and events are distinguished from properties by the fact that properties are the kinds of things the instances of which depend for their existence on the particular substance or event by which they are instantiated, whereas substances and events are such as not to depend for their existence on particular instances of properties.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/substance (16255 words)

	Substance theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Indeed, philosophies may be divided into monist philosophies, and dualist or pluralist philosophies.
		In the millennia-old Aristotelian tradition, as well as early modern traditions that follow it, substances are treated as having attributes and modes.
		For example, a bundle theorist understands the grammatical subject of the sentence, "Snow is white", as a referent to a bundle of properties, including perhaps the containing of ice crystals, being cold, and being a few feet deep.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Substance_theory (1516 words)

	The triumph of atomic theory
		For the evolution of the classical atom theory of the beginning of the 20th century there had to be resounding success in three fields: development and acceptation of the kinetic theory of heat, discovery of the chemical elements and their characteristics and the discovery of the electron.
		Until the 19th century two theories had been competing to explain the thermal phenomena and what heat is: the theory of heat substance or heat fluid and the kinetic theory, which related heat to motion.
		Based on this he developed his theory in 1904, which stated that the atom is a positively charged sphere and the electrons are embedded in this sphere.
	www.npp.hu /tortenelem/atomdiadal-e.htm (805 words)

	Blob Theory
		Specifically, I argue that theories of property possession involved with the bundle theory and substance theories of objects involve contradiction.
		Blob theory is the philosophical position that the properties of things, such as the properties of the objects that we experience in our ordinary empirical life (colors, extension and solidity of objects, etc.), do not exist.
		Blob theory is of course in stark opposition to our empirical experience, but interestingly, blob theory appears to apparently have much in common with the theories of what reality is like at the quantum level (at the tiniest level of reality that we know to exist).
	abstractatom.com /blob_theory.htm (744 words)

	Blob Theory: N-adic Properties Do Not Exist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		A blob theory of ordinary concrete particulars is consistent with a mereological analysis of those particulars as wholes constituted by separable parts; but a blob theory renders concrete particulars structureless entities with no internal differentiation of properties and relations within those concrete particulars.
		Properties are held to the thin particular in the case of substance theory, or to one another in the case of bundle theory, by special ties, often referred to as «predicating ties».
		The tie in substance theory (where properties do not tie to one another, but tie to the internally bare particular) is called the exemplification tie; and in bundle theory (where properties tie to one another) the tie is called the compresence tie (or it is sometimes called the compresence relation).
	www.ifs.csic.es /sorites/Issue_17/grupp.htm (10432 words)

	SUBSTANCE
		SUBSTANCE is a major interdisciplinary journal with a long-standing reputation for publishing innovative work on literature and culture.
		While its main focus has been on French literature and continental theory, the journal is known for its openness to original thinking in all the discourses that interact with literature, including philosophy, natural and social sciences, and the arts.
		SUBSTANCE is published by the University of Wisconsin Press and edited at the University of California at Santa Barbara with the support of the College of Letters and Science and the Department of French and Italian.
	www.french-ital.ucsb.edu /substance (248 words)

	David Hume's Theory of Mind, Ch. 8
		If the copy theory were a part of a more general theory, then, although one might provide inductive evidence for the truth of the copy theory, the copy theory of ideas would be deemed adequate if and only if the theory of which it is a part were adequate.
		The fact that he claimed no theoretical connection between the copy theory of ideas and any other aspect of his account of mind suggests that there is a shift away from an account of the nature of the mind to a lawful description of thought.
		Beginning with the plea that ‘no offence may be taken in charging [Hume's bundle theory] or any other metaphysical notions with absurdity, or being contrary to the common sense of mankind’ (Reid 1970: 31-2), he proceeds to argue that ‘Ideas seem to have something in their nature unfriendly to other existences’ (Reid 1970: 33).
	www.etext.leeds.ac.uk /hume/chapters/flage8.htm (3726 words)

	Meditation II
		So according to bundle theory a thing isn't a bunch of properties adhering in a substance, it is just a bunch of properties in the same place/time location.
		The Substance Theory: According to this view, a thing is composed of various properties plus an underlying substance to which these properties belong.
		Descartes, in the Cogito Argument, endorses the Substance Theory.
	www2.drury.edu /cpanza/meditation2.html (1796 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Man
		As a special application of the general doctrine of matter and form which is as well a theory of science as of intrinsic causality, the "soul" is envisaged as the substantial form of the matter which, so informed, is a human "body".
		Man is an individual, a single substance resultant from the determination of matter by a human form.
		Tolet.),in which "soul" and "body" are referred to as two "substances" (explicable in the light of subsequent definitions only in the hypothesis of abstraction, and as "incomplete" substances), other pronouncements of the Church merely reiterate the doctrine maintained in the School.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09580c.htm (2511 words)

	Compresence Bundle Theory Paper Jeffrey Grupp
		Analogous reasoning as I have given in this paper might apply to the exemplification tie of the non-bundle substance theory of ordinary objects, where properties are not tied to one another, but rather are tied to (exemplified by) an enduring particular (or, some may say, properties are tied to a perduring particular).
		If the exemplification tie is a substance, it would be a substance responsible for tying properties to particulars, and this would give rise to an infinite regress analogous to the one I described to do with bundles in section 4 of this paper.
		If the predicating ties of both the bundle theory of substance and the non-bundle theory of substance each were impossible, this would result in fatal problems for metaphysical realism.
	www.abstractatom.com /compresence_bundle_theory_paper_jeffrey_grupp.htm (3198 words)

	Dualism (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		In the philosophy of mind, dualism is the theory that the mental and the physical — or mind and body or mind and brain — are, in some sense, radically different kinds of thing.
		Predicate dualism is the theory that psychological or mentalistic predicates are (a) essential for a full description of the world and (b) are not reducible to physicalistic predicates.
		Because it involves assessing the significance and consequences of quantum theory, this is a difficult matter for the non-physicist to assess.
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/dualism (12812 words)

	Counseling Theories Syllabus
		This series was developed to meet the criteria for certified substance abuse counselor entry level credentials in the topic of counseling theories and/or evidence-based practices.
		Content includes a brief history of the theory, the prominent figures who developed the theories, content and key terminology and a discussion of current research and applications of the theory in substance abuse treatment.
		Nevertheless, the "transference" may still be evident in the fact that you have chosen someone with whom to recreate an old parental relationship, in how strongly you react to that characteristic of the other person, or in the whole variety of ways you think, feel, and behave in reaction to that characteristic in the other.
	www.mid-attc.org /accessed/syll_theories.htm (1591 words)

	Journal of Neurotherapy (2-3)3 - Copyright 1995-2001, JNT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		In addition, several researchers have pointed out that most substance abusers are seeking better moods, thoughts, and behaviors by pursuing an "altered state of consciousness" typical of their preference; they want to feel better (or different), if even for a short time (McPeake, Kennedy, and Gordon, 1991).
		Rebach (1988) warned that the literature on substance abuse among minorities is often limited, imprecise, and incorrectly generalized.
		Due to a historical consensus that substance abuse treatment usually has limited efficacy in this population, and due to the limited funding and exploratory nature of this design, there was no attempt to identify the active variables.
	www.snr-jnt.org /journalnt/jnt(2-3)3.html (12689 words)

	ISS: On the Theory of the Soul: William James
		THE THEORY of the Soul is the theory of popular philosophy and of scholasticism, which is only popular philosophy made systematic.
		When we brought in the Soul at the end of Chapter VI, as an entity which the various brain-processes were supposed to affect simultaneously, and which responded to their combined influence by single pulses of its thought, it was to escape integrated mind-stuff on the one hand, and an improbable cerebral monad on the other.
		To say that phenomena inhere in a Substance is at bottom only to record one's protest against the notion that the bare existence of the phenomena is the total truth.
	www.survivalafterdeath.org /articles/james/soul.htm (2712 words)

	Whitehead’s Misconception of ‘Substance’ in Aristotle
		I shall argue that Whitehead did in fact badly misinterpret Aristotle’s concept of substance, as Eslick claimed, and I shall suggest that, far from amounting to an inconsequential error in historical exegesis, this misconception was a strong influence in turning Whitehead’s metaphysics in the direction of an epochal theory of becoming.
		It answers to Descartes definition of substance: "And when we conceive of substance, we merely conceive an existent thing which requires nothing but itself in order to exist." This definition is a true derivative from Aristotle’s definition: A primary substance is "neither asserted of a subject nor present in a subject.".
		This interpretation arises essentially from (1) Aristotle’s definition that a substance is never "present in" another substance, and (2) Aristotle’s doctrine of the relation of substance to accident: that it is characteristic of substance that it itself remains numerically one and the same while nevertheless taking on various accidental qualities.
	www.religion-online.org /showarticle.asp?title=2564 (5627 words)

	Human Origins
		Alfred Wallace, the partner of Charles Darwin, considered the human brain to be an unexplained anomaly in the theory of evolution.
		To modern scientists, the idea of spirit, or soul, is anathema, since it is impossible to observe such a substance directly, or to prove its existence by other means.
		The soul-substance theory is complementary to existing Darwinian theory, and might help to explain how Homo erectus became Homo sapiens virtually overnight in the evolutionary scheme of things.
	www.eridu.co.uk /Author/human_origins/soul_theory.html (470 words)

	TIME.com: The Unraveling of String Theory -- Aug. 21, 2006 -- Page 1
		But despite its extraordinary popularity among some of the smartest people on the planet, string theory hasn't been embraced by everyone--and now, nearly 30 years after it made its initial splash, some of the doubters are becoming more vocal.
		Skeptical bloggers have become increasingly critical of the theory, and next month two books will be hitting the shelves to make the point in greater detail.
		There were good reasons for the theory's appeal when it first emerged in the late 1970s and early '80s.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,1226142,00.html (661 words)

	Oxford Scholarship Online: Aristotle's Theory of Substance
		In the Categories, primary substance is the concrete individual thing, while in Zeta, it is the form or essence of the individual thing, which is now understood as a composite of form and matter.
		Wedin argues that the theory of Metaphysics Zeta is meant to explain certain features of the theory of the Categories, and that it therefore presupposes the Categories theory of substance.
		The ousia of the Categories, what Wedin calls ‘c-substance’, remains a primary substance in the Metaphysics in the sense that its ontological priority is not called into question.
	www.oxfordscholarship.com /oso/public/content/philosophy/0199253080/toc.html (380 words)

	WORLD OF ATOMS - "Properties of substance"
		has applied wave-corpuscle treatment and to particles of substance: as the light detects corpuscular properties, also particles of substance should detect undular properties.
		The wave length of a particle of substance is determined under the formula:
		De Broglie's waves are not waves of propellent substance, they have not analog in classical physics.
	library.thinkquest.org /C0122360/full/2-2_e.html (376 words)

	Amazon.com: Aristotle's Theory of Substance: The Categories and Metaphysics Zeta (Oxford Aristotle Studies): Books: ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The theory of Metaphysics Zeta is meant to explain central features of the standing doctrine of the Categories, and so presupposes the essential truth of the early theory.
		The Categories offers a theory of underlying ontological configurations, while book Zeta gives form the status of primary substance because it is primarily the form of a concrete object that explains its nature, and this form is the substance of the object.
		So when the late theory identifies primary substance with form, it appeals to an explanatory primacy that is quite distinct from the ontological primacy that dominates the Categories.
	www.amazon.com /Aristotles-Theory-Substance-Categories-Metaphysics/dp/019823855X (1440 words)

	Aristotle's Metaphysics: Science of Principles and Theory of Substance. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Aristotle's Metaphysics: Science of Principles and Theory of Substance.
		The results to be expected include, besides a new assessment of the unity and coherence of this work, insights into the theory of substance.
		preparation of a monography (working-title: Aristotle's Metaphysics: Inquiry into Principles and Theory of Substanc) dealing with the interpretation of the 'Metaphysics' as a whole, focussing on substance-theory and science of principles.
	www.hu-berlin.de /forschung/fdb/english/PJ/PJ7646.html (265 words)

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