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Topic: Substitution alphabet

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	Substitution cipher
		The simple substitution cipher is one in which each plaintext character is simply replaced by a corresponding one from a cipher alphabet.
		The cipher alphabet may be shifted or reversed (creating the Caesar cipher and atbash ciphers, respectively) or scrambled, in which case it is called a "mixed alphabet" or "deranged alphabet".
		The earliest practical digraphic substitution was the so-called Playfair cipher, actually invented by Sir Charles Wheatstone in 1854.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/s/su/substitution_cipher.html (2394 words)

	Substitution cipher -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The cipher alphabet may be shifted or reversed (creating the (Conqueror of Gaul and master of Italy (100-44 BC)) Caesar and (additional info and facts about Atbash) Atbash ciphers, respectively) or scrambled in a more complex fashion, in which case it is called a mixed alphabet or deranged alphabet.
		The ciphertext alphabet is sometimes different from the plaintext alphabet; for example, in the (additional info and facts about pigpen cipher) pigpen cipher, the ciphertext consists of a set of symbols derived from a grid.
		A digraphic substitution is then simulated by taking pairs of letters as two corners of a rectangle, and using the other two corners as the ciphertext (see the (additional info and facts about Playfair cipher) Playfair cipher main article for a diagram).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/su/substitution_cipher.htm (2805 words)

	Encyclopedia: Substitution alphabet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		= 676, to substitute pairs with a substitution alphabet would take an alphabet 676 symbols long—which would be rather cumbersome.
		The combination of wider and wider weak, linear diffusive steps like a Hill cipher, with non-linear substitution steps, ultimately leads to a substitution-permutation network (e.g., a Feistel cipher), so it is possible—from this extreme perspective—to consider modern block ciphers as a type of polygraphic substitution.
		Click for other authoritative sources for this topic (summarised at Factbites.com).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Substitution-alphabet (2598 words)

	CME's Cryptography Timeline (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This class of code/cipher was to remain in general use among diplomats and some civilians for the next 450 years, in spite of the fact that there were stronger ciphers being invented in the meantime, possibly because of its relative convenience.
		The cipher is a simple substitution with a cipher alphabet consisting of letters, digits and symbols.
		He classified ciphers as transposition, substitution and symbol substitution (use of a strange alphabet).
	world.std.com /~cme/html/timeline.html (3709 words)

	DECIPHERING "THE MOSTMYSTERIOUS
		When the symbols in the MS had been copied and classified, their appearance and frequency were found to be consistent throughout, and seemed to have been composed in a single-alphabet substitution cipher.
		Newbold continued by employing the biliteral method to the converted shorthand, and found that frequency analysis of the resultant alphabet revealed it to be characteristic of Latin.
		Fancifully boasting that he could "unravel" the secret of any cipher, Strong said that the solution to the MS cipher was a "peculiar double system of arithmetical progressions of a multiple alphabet".
	www.borderlands.com /archives/arch/decipher.htm (4465 words)

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