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Topic: Substrate

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	Substrate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Substrate (aquarium), the material used in the bottom of an aquarium.
		Substrate (biochemistry), a molecule which is acted upon by an enzyme
		Substrate (biology), the natural environment in which an organism lives, or the surface or medium on which an organism grows or is attached
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Substrate (208 words)

	Substrate
		Substrate is the sand or gravel that covers the bottom of the tank.
		Substrate can be cosmetic, a place for critters to burrow and dig through and it can also be an important adjunct to the biological ecosystem within the reef tank.
		Many tanks are setup with this substrate through lack of knowledge, but it should not be used even though this is sometimes the only substrate sold at the LFS.
	www.reefcorner.com /Manual/substrate.htm (1102 words)

	Substrate
		Substrate is defined as the flooring of the cage.
		Substrates that are made of small pieces such as mulch cause serious injury to the iguana or even death.
		The substrate that you choose should be safe for the iguana.
	www.geocities.com /iggyheaven/Substrate.htm (462 words)

	Algone.com - Aquarium Substrate and Aquarium Gravel
		The substrate for a fish only aquarium serves the purpose of providing a surface for the beneficial bacteria to build colonies.
		The substrate should be about 2 — 2.5 inches in height, or roughly 10 pounds of substrate for approximately 150 square inches of tank surface.
		Next to the lighting, the substrate for planted aquariums is the most important factor in the successful growth of plants.
	www.algone.com /substrate.htm (1173 words)

	Substrate (biochemistry) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The substrate binds with the enzyme's active site, and an enzyme-substrate-complex is formed.
		The substrate is broken down into a product and is released from the active site.
		The active site is now free to accept another substrate molecule.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Substrate_(biochemistry) (116 words)

	Substrate Preparation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Substrate preparation is becoming more and more important because the volume of renovation and remolding work has drastically increased.
		In order to accomplish this, the substrate must be thoroughly cleaned of all contaminates and then properly surfaced and repaired to provide a satisfactory foundation for the floor covering.
		The surface of the substrate should be properly primed, smooth, leveled, and patched with Portland cement based underlayment and patching material - Ardex or Mapei.
	www.techtonics.com /Substrate_preparation.htm (3225 words)

	IMAP FP Substrate Finder
		Additionally, substrate specificity may be evaluated between different kinase variants or among different mutants of the same kinase.
		There are three IMAP FP Substrate Finder kits: two focus on the Serine/Threonine kinases of the human kinome, and the third Substrate Finder concentrates on Tyrosine kinases.
		All peptide substrates contained in these plates have been published and shown to be valid kinase substrates (literature links are provided with the IMAP Substrate Mapper).
	www.moleculardevices.com /pages/reagents/imap_sf.html (755 words)

	New organic substrate
		These types of substrates are used in intensive farming that need containers for their development, basically for greenhouse crops.
		It is a substrate that can compete with those in the market, especially those used for mushrooms and hydroponic crops, as a single substrate, while for the nursery crops it should be mixed with peat.
		Peat is the prime substrate at a worldwide level as it provides great technical performance but, on the other hand, it is mostly imported from colder regions in the North of Europe (Finland, Sweden, Norway, etc.).
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2006-03/ef-nos030606.php (500 words)

	Inexpensive substrate keeps hot chips cooler
		Traditionally microchip substrates are made of fiberglass-epoxy-type materials laden with copper interconnects that help conduct heat into the substrate and away from the microchip.
		In the new Sandia substrate, the "micro heat pipes" built directly within the substrate material carry heat away from the chip much more efficiently than conduction through solid copper or transport through larger heat pipes on the substrate surface and thus allow for greater heat reduction and improved temperature control.
		The substrates are surprisingly durable, they can be stamped into a variety of shapes and sizes (to match compact devices such as cell phones, for instance), and, most important, they are simple and cheap to manufacture in bulk.
	www.sandia.gov /media/heatpipe.htm (1188 words)

	Class Definition for Class 216 - ETCHING A SUBSTRATE: PROCESSES
		A multilayered substrate as a preform without the claimed forming of the multilayers by adhesive or autogenous bonding is not appropriate herein unless a self-sustaining preform is bonded thereto and remains with the multilayered substrate.
		Process directed to placing a mask on a substrate, coating, or depositing material over the mask and substrate, then removing the mask to remove the deposited layer on the mask, thus leaving the deposited layer in a pattern where the mask was not present, and etching using the pattern as a mask.
		Process involving etching a substrate with a plurality of etchants and wherein at least one of the etchants is in a nongaseous phase and at least one of the etchants is in the gas phase.
	www.uspto.gov /go/classification/uspc216/defs216.htm (5159 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Substrate (printing)
		Substrate is a term used in printing, mainly industrial printing, to describe the base material that images will be printed onto.
		Because durability and longevity are not needed, a paper that has a low cost and low quality is chosen to be the substrate - newsprint.
		In contrast, a monthly magazine requires bold and sharp graphics and images (for the pictures and illustrations in articles, and for the advertisements).
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Substrate_(printing) (218 words)

	Aquarium Substrates - Marine Depot - Marine and Reef Aquarium Super Store
		Substrate is often added for cosmetic reason to create a natural-looking tank.
		For fish-only tanks, larger grain sizes are often used as you can vacuum the substrate to remove detritus.
		In a reef tank, the finer grains are used as the gravel does not need to be vacuumed and it provides more surface area.
	www.marinedepot.com /aquarium_substrates_calcium_reactor_media__index.asp (291 words)

	Substrate Prep/Install
		These substrates are not suitable for the installation of ARDEX underlayments or toppings, as they do not provide a solid, structural surface which can serve as a substrate.
		Smooth, dense and solid substrates such as burnished concrete, ceramic and quarry tile, natural stone, cementitious and epoxy terrazzo, and solidly bonded epoxy coatings can be smoothed with an ARDEX underlayment prior to the installation of new flooring.
		The surface of these substrates must be clean and free of all contaminants including oil, grease, wax, etc. Due to the non-porous character of these substrates, sealers, dressing and surface treatments can often be completely removed effectively using professional stripping agents.
	www.ardex.com /substrate_prep-inst.htm (3258 words)

	Substrate Sequence Selection by Retroviral Integrase -- Zhou et al. 75 (3): 1359 -- The Journal of Virology
		Regenerated substrate mixtures were subjected to subsequent cycles of integration and enrichment by amplification until an optimal sequence emerged.
		The optimal sequence for the ASLV substrate was different from that found at either end of the viral DNA.
		Substrate features important for recognition and catalysis by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase identified by using novel DNA substrates.
	jvi.asm.org /cgi/content/full/75/3/1359 (7098 words)

	Calcium Substrate Considerations
		I am writing this to continue to complicate the substrate debate for reptile lovers once again.
		For the last two years I have known about a calcium carbonate substrate that was advertised to be really great for reptiles because if they ingested it, it would be digestible and beneficial for them because it was calcium -- a substance most animals need more of in captive settings.
		She said that she knew a breeder of bearded dragons that kept his hatchlings on it but discontinued using it because he was noticing impactions in the baby's cloacas.
	www.pythons.com /calcium.html (924 words)

	Substrate \| Gallery of Computation
		The simple rule, the complex results, the enormous potential for modification; this has got to be one of my all time favorite self-discovered algorithms.
		Allowing the cracks within the substrate to curve, we see even greater irregularity, including isolated structures merging together in complex ways.
		An early version of Substrate did not confine the watercoloring effect (see Sand Stroke) to regions defined by the cracks.
	www.complexification.net /gallery/machines/substrate/index.php (160 words)

	The Cutting Edge® - Glossary of Terms: S
		Refers to an item made of a clear substrate where the image is reversed and produced on the backside (or second-surface) of the substrate for viewing from the front side.
		A sheet is a thin, relatively rigid piece of material used as a substrate when producing nameplates, signs, overlays and legend plates and tags.
		When a stencil is placed on another substrate and paint or ink is applied, the image represented by the cut out portion of the stencil is printed on the substrate below it.
	www.cuttingedgeinc.com /ref/gs2.htm (764 words)

	Tunze Substrate Heating Cable - Marine Depot - Marine and Reef Aquarium Super Store
		This bottom heating improves the water passage and transports the trace elements of the aquatic plants into the substrate in an ideal way, thus the plants thrive.
		The substrate heating cable supplements the conventional aquarium heating, however the latter should not be replaced.
		The heating cable is operated with 24V safety extra-low voltage and is plastic sheathed.
	www.marinedepot.com /aquarium_heaters_tunze_substrate_heater.asp?CartId= (150 words)

	Substrate Concentration (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		It has been shown experimentally that if the amount of the enzyme is kept constant and the substrate concentration is then gradually increased, the reaction velocity will increase until it reaches a maximum.
		The Michaelis constant Km is defined as the substrate concentration at 1/2 the maximum velocity.
		The substrate with the lowest Km upon which the enzyme acts as a catalyst is frequently assumed to be enzyme's natural substrate, though this is not true for all enzymes.
	www.worthington-biochem.com /introBiochem/substrateConc.html (240 words)

	Enzyme Kinetics: Km - Substrate
		We also learned that this was not true when we varied the amount of substrate or coenzyme in the assay solution.
		These are examples of "saturation kinetics" - at higher concentrations of substrate a point is reached wherein "the substrate binding site of every molecule of enzyme has bound a molecule of substrate".
		The "down-side" of double reciprocal plots is that low concentrations of substrate contribute unevenly to "errors" with these plots.
	www.bio.davidson.edu /people/jowilliamson/techniques/Protocolweek6.html (498 words)

	Werblog: Substrate
		They say they built the substrate and now own it.
		Susan is a brilliant thinker and a compelling advocate (and a friend).
		"Substrate" just doesn't sing to the masses (or the mass media that propagates memes).
	werbach.com /blog/archives/2006/03/substrate.html (372 words)

	Solid State Technology - Coupling substrate and architecture with thin-layer transfer technology
		For standard (100) Si substrates, the notch or flat is aligned along the <110> direction and the current flows along the <110> direction.
		To avoid this issue, a composite SOI substrate of a (100) layer on a (110) base is proposed.
		GeOI is the newest development among the mobility-enhancing substrates and is of interest for high-performance CMOS ICs, as well as for photodetectors and solar cells.
	sst.pennnet.com /Articles/Article_Display.cfm?Section=HOME&ARTICLE_ID=233882&VERSION_NUM=2&p=5 (1317 words)

	EETimes.com - Substrate noise can tax tools, methodologies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		First, sensitive active and passive devices pick up the noise from the substrate; second, interconnect signal power is lost to the substrate; and finally, sensitive interconnect lines pick up coupling from the substrate.
		The impedance model must be global in scope (that is, across the die), minimal in size to avoid simulation bottlenecks and aware of the noise frequency spectrum as the substrate impedance transitions from real to complex to imaginary in nature.
		Also, the substrate is in itself only a piece of a larger RLC model including the interconnects, the IC package and some of the printed-circuit-board traces.
	www.eetimes.com /story/OEG20030521S0043 (660 words)

	Susan Crawford blog :: Substrate neutrality
		The telcos and cablecos are used to running networks (1) optimized for a single service, (2) in which hardware and software are inextricably intertwined, and (3) in which you need permission to introduce a new element.
		The point about this ecology is that it is largely indifferent to the substrate it's carried on.
		Susan's substrate neutrality lies most in line with how the OSI layered model of networking is composed.
	scrawford.blogware.com /blog/_archives/2006/3/11/1814852.html (2435 words)

	Substrate Prep
		If the concrete slab is dry enough to allow the primers to dry, but still has a moisture content exceeding the specifications of a flooring system, the moisture could migrate through an ARDEX underlayment or topping and affect the bond of the flooring adhesive.
		Do not use in areas of constant water exposure nor in areas exposed to permanent or intermittent substrate moisture, as this may jeopardize the performance of the underlayment and the floor covering system.
		Although the preparation required on the surface of wooden subfloors is the same for any type of wooden substrate, a distinction must be made with regard to the suitability of certain types of wooden substrates depending upon the product being installed.
	www.ardex.com /main-guidelines.htm (3757 words)

	Substrate Heaters
		The AJA International SHQ400-X Substrate Heaters deliver up to 2000 Watts of radiant heat to either a fixed or rotating substrate holder allowing substrates to reach temperatures of up to 850°C (rotating) / 950°C (fixed).
		Each unit includes UHV compatible quartz halogen lamps, a water cooled reflector box, dual "k type" thermocouples (substrate temperature and over temperature protection), ceramic power connectors for lamps, dual vacuum feedthroughs (TC's, lamp power) and vacuum compatible wiring and tubing.
		DC and/or RF biasing of the substrate is an option for both fixed and rotating models.
	www.ajaint.com /subheaters.htm (238 words)

	Substrate-triggering of ESD-protection device (US6724592)
		A p-type substrate is normally pumped below ground by a substrate bias generator when power is applied.
		Current is injected into the substrate by the resistor.
		an injecting resistor, coupled between the trigger node and the substrate node, for injecting current into the substrate node during the ESD event, whereby portions of the ESD pulse are conducted to the internal ground bus and to the substrate node.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=US06724592__ (414 words)

	Pierce Biotechnology - Pierce ECL Western Blotting Substrate
		Pierce ECL Western Blotting Substrate is an entry-level Western blotting substrate that is value-priced.
		Working solutions of the substrates were prepared according to the manufacturers’ instructions and added to the membranes for 1 minute.
		The membranes were removed from the substrates and placed in plastic sheet protectors.
	www.piercenet.com /Objects/View.cfm?type=ProductFamily&ID=9E35352A-D238-4702-8926-46DF2E18F767 (531 words)

	Aqua Botanic-Substrate and fertilization
		The Substrate is the growing medium that the plants are rooted in.
		It is important to add a source of these nutrients to the substrate, particularly in a new aquarium that has no mulm or fish waste settled in it yet.
		Layered substrate with "sub" soil (soil low in organics), sphagnum peat, gravel, and trace element mix, as outlined by Steve Pushak
	www.aquabotanic.com /sfintro.htm (2285 words)

	Pierce Biotechnology - Lumi-Phos WB Chemiluminescent Substrate (AP)
		Lumi-Phos WB Chemiluminescent Substrate overcomes all of the limitations posed by conventional chemiluminescent substrates for AP.
		Lumi-Phos WB Substrate provides sensitivity in the low picogram range, enabling you to detect mere attomoles of your target ligand.
		The membranes were washed and then incubated in Lumi-Phos WB Substrate for five minutes prior to film exposure.
	www.piercenet.com /Objects/View.cfm?type=ProductFamily&ID=01041110 (276 words)

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