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Topic: Subtropical cyclone

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	National Hurricane Center Glossary Terms - Table - MSN Encarta
		The term implies both poleward displacement of the cyclone and the conversion of the cyclone's primary energy source from the release of latent heat of condensation to baroclinic (the temperature contrast between warm and cold air masses) processes.
		A subtropical cyclone in which the maximum sustained surface wind speed (using the U.S. 1-minute average) is 33 knot (62 km/h or 38 mph) or less.
		A subtropical cyclone in which the maximum sustained surface wind speed (using the U.S. 1-minute average) is 34 knot (63 km/h or 39 mph) or more.
	encarta.msn.com /media_701500759/National_Hurricane_Center_Glossary_Terms.html (1494 words)

	hurrdef
		Subtropical cyclones are generally of two types: (1) An upper level cold low with circulation extending to the surface and maximum sustained winds generally occurring at a radius of about 100 miles or more from the pressure center.
		A subtropical cyclone in which the maximum sustained surface wind speed (using the U.S. 1-minute average) is 33 kt (38 mph or 62 kph) or less.
		A subtropical cyclone in which the maximum sustained surface wind speed (using the U.S. 1-minute average) is 34 kt (39 mph or 63 kph) or more.
	library.thinkquest.org /26568/hurrdef.htm (1538 words)

	The Weather Network · 2006 Hurricane Season (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The intersection of the surface centre of a tropical cyclone with a coastline.
		A second type of subtropical cyclone is a mesoscale low originating in or near a frontolyzing zone of horizontal wind shear, with radius of maximum sustained winds generally less than 48 kilometres.
		A subtropical cyclone in which the maximum sustained surface wind speed (using the U.S. 1-minute average) is 33 kt (38 mph or 62 km/hr) or less.
	www.theweathernetwork.com /weather/outlooks/hurricane/hurricaneglossary.htm (951 words)

	Hurricane Waves - Hurricane FAQ
		A subtropical cyclone is a low-pressure system existing in the tropical or subtropical latitudes (anywhere from the equator to about 50N) that has characteristics of both tropical cyclones and mid-latitude (or extratropical) cyclones.
		Subtropical cyclones in the Atlantic basin are classified by the maximum sustained surface winds: less than 34 kt (18 m/s) is classified as a "subtropical depression", greater than or equal to 34 kt (18 m/s) is classified as a "subtropical storm".
		Structurally, tropical cyclones have their strongest winds near the earth's surface (a consequence of being "warm-core" in the troposphere), while mid-latitude storms have their strongest winds near the tropopause (a consequence of being "warm-core" in the stratosphere and "cold-core" in the troposphere).
	hurricanewaves.org /faq.html (2418 words)

	FAQ : HURRICANES, TYPHOONS, AND TROPICAL CYCLONES
		A sub-tropical cyclone is a low-pressure system existing in the tropical or subtropical latitudes (anywhere from the equator to about 50°N) that has characteristics of both tropical cyclones and mid-latitude (or extratropical) cyclones.
		Subtropical cyclones in the Atlantic basin are classified by the maximum sustained surface winds:
		Prior to 2002 subtropical storms were not given names, but the National Hurricane Center issued forecasts and warnings similar to those for tropical cyclones.
	www.aoml.noaa.gov /hrd/tcfaq/A6.html (254 words)

	Cyclone Summary
		Cyclones are responsible for a wide variety of different meteorological phenomena such as tropical cyclones and tornadoes.
		Near the center of the cyclone the pressure gradient force, from high- to low-pressure regions, and the Coriolis force must be in an approximate balance (or else the cyclone would collapse in on itself under the pressure gradient).
		On April 27, 1999, a rare cyclone 1,100 miles in diameter was detected by the Hubble Space Telescope in the northern polar region of Mars.
	www.bookrags.com /Cyclone (1283 words)

	Lander 4-1 paper
		The universally recognized signature of a tropical cyclone is the characteristic rapid decrease in surface pressure and increase in surface winds towards the center, with the heavy rain area and storm-lashed seas, and the relatively calm eye.
		The primary structural difference between these types of cyclones and conventional tropical cyclones is the larger displacement of the band of maximum surface winds from the center in the MD and MG, an incomplete ring of high winds in the MD and MG, and a much broader light-wind core in the MD and MG cyclones.
		Any definition of tropical cyclone formation is arbitrary, whether the tropical cyclone forms from a weak and highly disorganized tropical disturbance, or is the result of the transition of other types of cyclones (e.g., the subtropical cyclone) into tropical cyclones.
	www.aoml.noaa.gov /hrd/iwtc/Lander4-1.html (3058 words)

	Subtropical cyclone - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A second type of subtropical cyclone is a mesoscale low originating in or near a frontolyzing zone of horizontal wind shear, also known as a dying frontal zone, with radius of maximum sustained winds generally less 30 miles/50 kilometres.
		As of 2006, the warm core variety were moved under the umbrella of the tropical cyclone definiton, and removed from the subtropical cyclone definition.
		Subtropical Storm Nicole, from the 2004 Atlantic hurricane season was the first subtropical storm that did not become tropical since the policy change.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Subtropical_cyclone (905 words)

	Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary January 2005
		The LOW was nowhere near becoming a tropical or even subtropical cyclone, but it was nonetheless interesting in that SSTs in the area ranged from 24 to 26 C. Out-of-season tropical cyclones have originated in that general area in the past (e.g., Alice of December, 1954, Lili of December, 1984, and Ana of April, 2003).
		Cyclones of tropical storm intensity formed in the North Indian Ocean in 1986 and 1991, the former in the Bay of Bengal and the second in the Arabian Sea.
		The cyclone's peak intensity of 45 kts was reached on the 9th; after that Sally weakened quickly due to the combined deleterious effects of dry air and increased vertical shear.
	www.australiasevereweather.com /cyclones/2005/summ0501.htm (9844 words)

	2.4 Middle Tropospheric Cyclonic Vortices (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		These Kona cyclones are usually associated with southeastward movement of the Aleutian low and the passage of a secondary depression from northwest to southeast, north of the Hawaiian Islands.
		Atlantic Kona-Type Cyclones - In the Atlantic, Kona-type cyclones are observed to form southwest of the Azores and move mainly toward the south and the west.
		In the Arabian Sea, the mid-tropospheric cyclones are the dominant weather phenomena.
	www.nrlmry.navy.mil /~chu/chap2/se204.htm (676 words)

	NWS Southern Region Tropical Weather: Glossary of Tropical Weather Terms
		A second type of subtropical cyclone is a mesoscale low originating in or near a frontolyzing zone of horizontal wind shear, with radius of maximum sustained winds generally less than 30 miles.
		A subtropical cyclone in which the maximum sustained surface wind speed (using the U.S. 1-minute average) is 33 kt (38 mph or 62 km/hr) or less.
		Once formed, a tropical cyclone is maintained by the extraction of heat energy from the ocean at high temperature and heat export at the low temperatures of the upper troposphere.
	www.srh.noaa.gov /tropicalwx/awareness/glossary.htm (1683 words)

	AMS Glossary
		They occur in regions of weak to moderate horizontal temperature gradient and extract the associated available potential energy, as do baroclinic cyclones, but they also receive some or most of their energy from convective redistribution of heat acquired from the sea, as do tropical cyclones.
		Subtropical cyclones sometimes become true tropical cyclones, and likewise, tropical cyclones occasionally become subtropical storms.
		Subtropical cyclones in the Atlantic basin are classified by their maximum sustained surface winds: Subtropical depressions have surface winds less than 18 m s
	amsglossary.allenpress.com /glossary/search?id=subtropical-cyclone1 (199 words)

	[No title]
		A subtropical cyclone in which the maximum sustained surface wind speed (using the U.S. 1-minute average) is 33 kt (38 mph or 62 kph) or less.
		A subtropical cyclone in which the maximum sustained surface wind speed (using the U.S. 1-minute average) is 34 kt (39 mph or 63 kph) or more.
		A tropical cyclone in which the maximum sustained surface wind speed (using the U.S. 1-minute average) is 33 kt (38 mph or 62 kph) or less.
	www.ouragans.com /pratique/glossaire.asp (1563 words)

	[No title]
		On the other hand, David seems to employ a fairly liberal definition of a subtropical cyclone, so there are some differences between David's listing of subtropical systems and the ones that NHC has officially recognized as subtropical depressions or storms for at least a portion of their tracks.
		In the spectrum of cyclone classifications the boundary between extratropical and subtropical cyclones is very broad and diffuse, and TPC/NHC prefers to be very conservative with the use of the subtropical cyclone classification.
		It strengthened to a 55-kt cyclone early on the 28th as it was accelerating northeastward ahead of a cold front approaching the center of the circulation.
	www.typhoon2000.ph /garyp_mgtcs/oct00.txt (10602 words)

	[No title]
		Tropical cyclones by and large formed in the tropics or over warm subtropical waters and were considered warm-core and non-frontal.
		Thus, subtropical cyclones (non-frontal and cold-core) were placed at the lower left corner, classic extratropical cyclones (frontal and cold-core) at the lower right, tropical cyclones (non-frontal and warm-core) at the upper left, and extratropical "bombs" (frontal and warm-core) at the upper right.
		A mid-level subtropical ridge to the north of the tropical cyclone was forecast to provide a west to west- northwest steering flow for the next couple of days.
	www.typhoon2000.ph /garyp_mgtcs/aug02.txt (20149 words)

	Tropical Weather Glossary
		SUBTROPICAL CYCLONE: A low pressure system that develops over subtropical waters that initially has a non-tropical circulation but in which some elements of tropical cyclone cloud structure are present.
		SUBTROPICAL DEPRESSION: A subtropical cyclone in which the maximum sustained surface wind speed is 33 knots or less (38 mph or less).
		SUBTROPICAL STORM: A subtropical cyclone in which the maximum sustained surface wind speed is 34 knots or more (39 mph or more).
	www.tedmontgomery.com /weather/index.html (869 words)

	Cyclone Phase Analysis and Forecast: Help Page
		The example to the left is a schematic for a conventional tropical cyclone, which has a maximum of thickness in the center of the cyclone that decreases almost uniformly outward in all directions.
		This schematic is for a conventional intensifying or mature extratropical cyclone.
		Cyclones aren't simply tropical or extratropical; there is a great continuum of cyclone types, with a significant fraction of them having characteristics of both tropical and extratropical cyclones.
	moe.met.fsu.edu /cyclonephase/help.html (2077 words)

	Hurricane Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		For locations on the left-hand side of a tropical cyclone's track (looking in the direction of motion), a direct hit occurs when the cyclone passes to within a distance equal to the cyclone's radius of maximum wind.
		The intersection of the surface center of a tropical cyclone with a coastline.
		Because the strongest winds in a tropical cyclone are not located precisely at the center, it is possible for a cyclone's strongest winds to be experienced over land even if landfall does not occur.
	www.pinellaslife.com /Hurricane/Glossary/Index.htm (1963 words)

	USATODAY.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The term "tropical cyclone" is also used in the Indian Ocean and around the Coral Sea off northeastern Australia to describe storms called "hurricanes" and "typhoons" in other areas.
		Subtropical cyclone: A low pressure system that develops in subtropical waters (north of 20 north degrees latitude) and initially has non-tropical features (see table below for a list of tropical features) but does have some element of a tropical cyclone's cloud structure (located close to the center rather than away from the center of circulation).
		It has been used to refer to tropical cyclones in the South Pacific or Indian Ocean, but this use is not considered to be correct today.
	www.usatoday.com /weather/hurricane/glossary.htm (813 words)

	Historical North Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Tracks, 1851-2004
		A subtropical cyclone is a low pressure system that develops over subtropical waters and that initially has a non- tropical circulation but in which some elements of tropical cyclone cloud structure are present.
		A subtropical storm is a subtropical cyclone with maximum sustained surface (10 meter) winds of 34 knots/39 mph or greater.
		A tropical storm is a tropical cyclone with maximum sustained surface (10 meter) winds of 34 knots/39 mph to 64 knots/73 mph, inclusive.
	www.nationalatlas.gov /metadata/huralll020.html (2815 words)

	[No title]
		In David's opinion, the (usually) small cyclones sometimes seen in the Atlantic (and also often in the Mozambique Channel) which may contain eye features but have shallow convection and shallow warm cores with cold cores aloft should be classed as subtropical rather than as tropical cyclones.
		Commenting also on the topic of classification of tropical cyclones, Rich Henning, a meteorologist at Eglin AFB and a member of the Hurricane Hunters squadron, suggested that perhaps there should be a sliding scale based on the latitude of the system and the time of year.
		The cyclone's remnant vortex brought some unsettled weather and rough surf to the islands on the 25th and 26th; it seems that other effects were negligible.
	mpittweather.com /txt/jun01sum.txt (7541 words)

	Tropical Cyclone Product Help
		Public advisories are issued for all Central Pacific tropical cyclones, Atlantic tropical or subtropical cyclones, and for eastern Pacific tropical or subtropical cyclones that are threatening land.
		Tropical Cyclone Updates are brief statements issued in lieu of or preceding special advisories to inform of significant changes in a tropical cyclone or to post or cancel watches or warnings.
		Tropical Cyclone Position Estimates are issued between 2-hourly intermdiate advisories whenever a tropical cyclone with a well-defined radar center is within 200 nautical miles of land-based radar in the United States.
	www.prh.noaa.gov /cphc/pages/abouttcprod.php (1053 words)

	intent (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A subtropical cyclone is inherently limited in the degree of intensification compared to a tropical cyclone.
		However, since the structure of the initially cold-core cyclone is one of a large radius of maximum winds, the weak gradients generally do not allow for a focusing of the convection near the cyclone center.
		If the convection associated with the subtropical cyclone can focus near the cyclone center and persist for several diurnal cycles, the latent heat release that results from the convection will accumulate within the cyclone center faster than it is lost by advection or radiation to the environment.
	www.essc.psu.edu /~rhart/intent.html (1114 words)

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