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	Is HIV one or many viruses?
		For instance, subtype B is mostly found in the Americas, Japan, Australia, the Caribbean and Europe; subtypes A and D predominate in sub-Saharan Africa; subtype C in South Africa and India; and subtype E in Central African Republic, Thailand and other countries of southeast Asia.
		It has also been suggested that certain subtypes may be predominantly associated with specific modes of transmission: for example, subtype B with homosexual contact and intravenous drug use (essentially via blood) and subtypes E and C, with heterosexual transmission (via a mucosal route).
		It is not known whether the genetic variations in subtype E or other subtypes actually make a difference in terms of the risk of transmission, the response to antiviral therapy, or prevention by vaccine.
	aids.hallym.ac.kr /d/ss/hivvariability.html (938 words)

	HIV types, subtypes, groups & strains
		These are subtypes A, B, C, D, F, G, H, J and K. Occasionally, two viruses of different subtypes can meet in the cell of an infected person and mix together their genetic material to create a new hybrid virus (a process similar to sexual reproduction, and sometimes called "viral sex").
		Subtype C is predominant in Southern and East Africa, India and Nepal.
		The development of an AIDS vaccine is affected by the range of virus subtypes as well as by the wide variety of human populations who need protection and who differ, for example, in their genetic make-up and their routes of exposure to HIV.
	www.avert.org /hivtypes.htm (2240 words)

	Triple-drug therapy promising against African HIV subtype
		The South African subtype, known as subtype C, is rapidly spreading in developing countries, where TB and KS are major factors in AIDS morbidity and mortality.
		Since the triple-drug regimens have markedly reduced the morbidity and mortality associated with the subtype that predominates in developed countries (subtype B), the implication is that they may be similarly effective against the C subtype in developing countries as well.
		The decrease occurred rapidly during the first 7 days of treatment, then gradually until virus was undetectable--a pattern reported in Western B subtype-infected patients.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-12/idso-ttp122804.php (489 words)

	Relationships Between Romanian and Brazilian HIV-Subtype F Strains
		The genetic distance between Brazilian subtype F sequences was 5% to 13.8%, which is within the limits of the established intrasubtype distance values (1).
		It is remotely possible, however, that adults were infected with F subtype viruses and could have served as the original or intermediary carriers for HIV-1 transmission among the groups of children living in distinct geographic regions of Romania.
		In Brazil, the relatively long genetic distance between F subtype viruses could indicate that a single ancestor was introduced during the early phases of the HIV-1 epidemic and diverged locally, or that multiple different F strains were introduced to this country.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/eid/vol1no3/bandea.htm (1598 words)

	HIV Subtype Predicts Likelihood Of Early Death From AIDS
		However, viral load ranged from 20,000 particles per cubic milliliter of blood to 100,000 particles per cubic milliliter of blood in those with both subtypes, and was not found to be an accurate predictor of rapid death within the same timeframe.
		Even though the quantity of virus infecting these individuals was roughly the same for each subtype, average years of survival for each subtype differed widely: 8.8 years for A, 6.9 years for D and 5.8 years for AD.
		Researchers believe that subtype D is more virulent than subtype A because D has the ability to bind to key receptors on immune cells, allowing subtype D to kill more quickly.
	www.medicalnewstoday.com /medicalnews.php?newsid=37264 (477 words)

	HIV SUBTYPE PREDICTS LIKELIHOOD OF RAPID DEATH FROM AIDS
		However, viral load ranged from 20,000 particles per cubic milliliter of blood to 100,000 particles per cubic milliliter of blood in those with both subtypes, and was not found to be an accurate predictor of rapid death within the same timeframe.
		Even though the quantity of virus infecting these individuals was roughly the same for each subtype, average years of survival for each subtype differed widely: 8.8 years for A, 6.9 years for D and 5.8 years for AD.
		Researchers believe that subtype D is more virulent than subtype A because D has the ability to bind to key receptors on immune cells, allowing subtype D to kill more quickly.
	www.hopkinsmedicine.org /Press_releases/2006/02_06_06.html (382 words)

	AEGiS-EID: Predominance of HIV-1 Subtype A and D Infections in Uganda
		In contrast to the large proportion of subtypes A and D, the proportion of subtype C appeared to be small in both periods studied and in our earlier study (19).
		The presence or absence of significant changes in subtype distribution in different populations is ecologic and by itself does not constitute definitive evidence for or against potential subtype-specific differences in transmissibility, pathogenesis, or clinical symptoms (25).
		Serologic and phylogenetic characterization of HIV-1 subtypes in Uganda.
	www.aegis.com /PUBS/cdc_eid/2000/EID6601.html (2669 words)

	Aidsmap \| Increased vaginal shedding of HIV in pregnant women infected with subtype C
		However, it has been difficult to establish if the more rapid spread of subtype C is due to characteristics of the subtype or cofactors existing in the populations affected by this subtype.
		The majority of women (71%) were infected with subtype A, 7% (25 individuals) were infected with subtype C, 20% were infected with subtype D and 2% were infected with recombinant subtypes.
		Subtype C is associated with increased vaginal shedding of HIV-1.
	www.aidsmap.com /en/news/E571D777-97B7-404D-80D3-31F231FF3568.asp?wk=1 (827 words)

	[No title]
		The subtype "octet- stream" is to be used in the case of uninterpreted binary data, in which case the simplest recommended action is to offer to write the information into a file for the user.
		Four subtypes are initially defined, including the basic "mixed" subtype specifying a generic mixed set of parts, "alternative" for representing the same data in multiple formats, "parallel" for parts intended to be viewed simultaneously, and "digest" for multipart entities in which each part has a default type of "message/rfc822".
		The "partial" subtype is defined for partial RFC 822 messages, to permit the fragmented transmission of bodies that are thought to be too large to be passed through transport facilities in one piece.
	www.ietf.org /rfc/rfc2046.txt (12769 words)

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