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Topic: Sudan Liberation Movement

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	Sudan People's Liberation Army - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The SPLA is largely southern-based, non-Arabic and non-Muslim, in contrast to the predominantly Muslim and Arab north.
		Its declared aim is to establish a democratic Sudan with it as the leading party in control of the southern areas.
		While the war in southern Sudan has been largely described in religious and ethnic terms, it is also a struggle for control of the oil resources located in the south and the west.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sudan_People's_Liberation_Army (406 words)

	Sudan Liberation Movement - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Sudan Liberation Movement/Army or Haraka Tahrir Sudan (abbreviated as either SLM or SLA) is a loose association of Sudanese rebel groups who fought against the Janjaweed Arab militiamen and Sudanese government forces in the Darfur conflict.
		The Sudan Liberation Movement was known as the Darfur Liberation Front for a brief period of time after its emergence in February 2003.
		On January 20, 2006, SLM declared a merger with the Justice and Equality Movement to form the Alliance of Revolutionary Forces of West Sudan.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sudan_Liberation_Movement (236 words)

	Peace through development in the Sudan - SPLA document
		The SPLM liberation councils are therefore political fora where relevant issues concerning the whole country are discussed; they are channels of communication between the grassroots and the higher echelons of our socio‑political organization and have the potential to contribute a great deal to the development of democracy in the New Sudan.
		As the military wing of the Movement, the SPLA is under the political and civil authority of the SPLM, and becomes transformed into the army of the State of New Sudan after the war.
		SPLM is a political movement (not a political party) that accommodates a wide spectrum of political inclinations and shades of opinion, all of which believe in and strive for, the creation of a new Sudan.
	www.sudansupport.no /sudan_konflikt/utfordringer/ptd_spla.html (8855 words)

	United Nations - OCHA IRIN \| Web Special \| Sudan: A future without War? - IRIN Web Special on the prospects of peace in ...
		Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A) - The SPLA is the military wing of the SPLM, and is subordinate to it.
		It is Sudan’s largest rebel movement, highly centralised, currently engaged in bilateral peace process with the Khartoum government in Kenya, in favour of a secular, united, democratic Sudan.
		Appointed presidential adviser by Al-Bashir in 1989, and in 1998 as Sudan's ambassador to the UN.
	www.irinnews.org /webspecials/SudanDarfur/Whos-WhoI.asp (3110 words)

	Sudan - parties and political groups (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The movement name is nowdays used on web-site of Free Sudan Center the Sudan Liberation Movement and its military wing, the Sudan Liberation Army (SLM/SLA), based mainly in the souther province of Dafur.
		Sudan can be divided in two major ethnic-religious parts: in the North the Arab-Muslim population with the capital of Khartoum, in the South the fl African Christian and animistic population.
		1909 - Lado enclave ceded by Belgium from Congo to the Sudan
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/sd}.html (2307 words)

	Sudan People's Liberation Army - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Not to be confused with Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (SLM/SLA), a loose association of Sudanese rebel groups fighting against the arab-militia Janjaweed..
		The political wing of the SPLA is the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (Al-Harakat Ash-Shaabia Le Tahreer As-Sudan), nowadays a political party.
		The South Sudan Independence Movement/Army and several smaller factions signed a separate peace agreement with Khartoum in April 1997 and formed the United Democratic Salvation Front (UDSF).
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Sudan_People's_Liberation_Movement (439 words)

	World Tribune.com: Leading Sudan rebel killed in attack
		Sudan's military was said to have killed a leading rebel in the Darfour province.
		The commander of the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army, Abdullah Abkar, could be a significant development in Sudan's military offensive to end the rebellion in Darfour.
		Sudan's military has launched a widescale attack in several areas of northern and southern Darfour and rebel sources said about 200 people were killed in a military attack last week on the village of Sora in the Darfour region.
	www.worldtribune.com /worldtribune/WTARC/2004/af_sudan_01_09.html (350 words)

	Sudan Development Program - Sudan allocates eight seats in the federal parliament to SLM-Minawi
		Sudan has reserved eight parliamentary seats for Darfur rebel Sudan Liberation Movement faction of Minni Minawi that signed a peace accord with the Sudanese government on last Friday 5 May in Abuja.
		The Speaker of Sudan’s National Assembly, Ahmed Ibrahim al-Taher, disclosed that eight parliamentary seats have been reserved for the main faction of the SLM that did sign the peace agreement last week and that the SLM may take the seats as soon as the implementation of the peace agreement starts.
		Sudan’s Speaker of the National Assembly, Ahmad Ibrahim Al-Tahir, said that the government’s chief negotiator, Majzoub Al-Khalifa, is still in Abuja talking to the other factions.
	www.sudandevelopmentprogram.org /sp/news/news290.htm (344 words)

	Darfur conflict - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.umd.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		As a result of a sequence of interactions between Sudan, Libya and Chad from the late 1960s through the 1980s, Sudanese President Gaafar Nimeiry established Darfur as a rear base for the rebel force led by Hissène Habré, which was attempting to overthrow the Chadian government and was also anti-Gaddafi.
		The SLM, which is much larger than the JEM, is generally associated with the Fur and Masalit, as well as the Wagi clan of the Zaghawa, while the JEM is associated with the Kobe clan of Zaghawa.
		Sudan was blamed for the attack, which was the second in the region in three days.
	en.wikipedia.org.cob-web.org:8888 /wiki/Darfur_conflict (5247 words)

	THE SUDAN LIBERATION MOVEMENT AND SUDAN LIBERATION ARMY (SLM/SLA)
		The Sudan Liberation Movement/Army is of the view that Sudan’s unity is of paramount importance, but it should not be maintained and cannot be viable unless it is based on justice and equality for all the Sudanese peoples.
		Sudan’s unity must be anchored on a new basis that is predicated on full acknowledgement of Sudan’s ethnic, cultural, social and political diversity.
		Sudanism will provide the Sudanese with the necessary space, regardless of whether they are Arabs or Africans, Christians or Muslims, Westerners or Easterners, Southerners or Northerners to achieve greater cohesiveness on the basis of the simple fact of being Sudanese.
	www.sudan.net /news/press/postedr/214.shtml (1590 words)

	South Sudan Liberation Movement (SSLM)
		The SSLM puts behind it the period and the practice of fractionation of the liberation movement and competition for the leadership of the South that has characterized the struggle since 1983.
		For instance in 1983, the split within the nascent Movement occurred in which a majority of the forces from Upper Nile (Anya-nya 2) allied with the enemy (May regime) and because of the intense fighting in eastern Upper Nile, impeded the progress of the war of liberation and much human and material resources was wasted.
		The SSLM believes that the people of South Sudan, through their long history for freedom and national liberation and the immense suffering they have experienced as a collectivity at the hands of the Arabs, Turks and Europeans, have sufficiently forged strong bonds of common aspiration, identity and nationhood.
	members.tripod.com /SudanInfonet/SSLM_Declaration.htm (3673 words)

	Africast Global Africa Network- News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		This was expressed in conclusion of the talks held by the AU envoy Salem Ahmad Salem in Khartoum and the rebel areas in Darfur.
		While Khartoum welcomed the call, the Sudan's Liberation Movement rejected it immediately, and linked its participation in the negotiations to the convening its general conference inside what it calls the liberated lands in Darfur.
		The rejection of the Sudan's Liberation Movement to take part in the negotiation came to escalate its problems with the African Union which had accused members of the movement of carrying out killing operations and kidnapping against Arab tribes in the district in July.
	news.africast.com /africastv/article.php?newsID=56372 (175 words)

	SudanTribune article : Press Release from The Sudan Liberation Movement/Army (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		SLM remains constantly reaffirming to the international community the atrocities being carried out by the insolent Khartoum regime and its barbaric allied Janjawid militia in killings, raping and displacing our innocent population of Darfur.
		Sudan Liberation Movement strongly condemns the atrocious acts of Khartoum regime which depicts that the Khartoum regime is not serious in adhering to its commitments.
		SLM calls the international community to exercise pressure on Khartoum regime to cease its evil atrocities against the people of Darfur and give opportunity to the humanitarian organizations to rescue almost five million displaced Darfuri who are currently under constant threat of extinction.
	www.sudantribune.com /article.php3?id_article=8619 (337 words)

	USCCB - Sudan Update (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Sudan presents a dual dilemma: If North and South do not implement their agreement, there is little hope for Darfur; conversely, if the crisis in Darfur continues, the Comprehensive Peace Agreement is likely to collapse.
		Both the government and rebel movements have been accused of committing atrocities against innocent civilians, including the rape of women and young girls and the abduction of young men and boys to serve as conscripts.
		Sudan remains a priority for the USCCB with ongoing advocacy and active solidarity with the people of Sudan.
	www.usccb.org /sdwp/international/sudan0504.htm (1235 words)

	Sudan, southern rebels end 21-year war
		Sudan's First Vice President Ali Osman Mohamed Taha and rebel leader John Garang signed the accord in Kenya's capital Nairobi, ending a 21-year conflict in the south that has killed an estimated 2 million people mainly by famine and disease.
		Sudan's First Vice President Ali Osman Mohamed Taha (L) and Sudan People's Liberation Movement leader John Garang(R) share a laugh before the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement in Nairobi, January 9, 2005.
		In the Libyan capital Tripoli, Abdel Wahed Mohamed al-Nur, chairman of the Darfur rebel Sudan Liberation Movement, told Reuters he welcomed the agreement but said there should be a comprehensive peace for all of Sudan and not just the south.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /english/doc/2005-01/10/content_407416.htm (842 words)

	Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Northern Sudanese recognition of the leader of the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA), Dr John Garang, took an important step in October 1996 when he was appointed chairman of the military command of the seven groups affiliated with the National Democratic Alliance.
		It is largely but not exclusively southern and Christian, and its declared aims are the establishment of a secular, democratic Sudan.
		As leader of the breakaway Southern Sudan Independence Movement, Riek Machar signed a provisional peace treaty with Khartoum in April 1996.
	www.sudanupdate.org /WHOSWHO/SPLAM.HTM (761 words)

	Terms
		Darfur Conflict: The ongoing conflict in western Sudan between the Janjaweed militia, who consist of local Arab tribes, and the non-Arab inhabitants of the region.
		They were formed due to attacks on the government by rebel movements, and are seen as the successors to the Murahilin, an earlier tribal militia.
		Sudan Liberation Army (SLA) or Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM): Working with groups such at the Justice and Equality Movement, the SLA is a member of the National Democratic Alliance working against the Janjaweed militia.
	www.operationsudan.org /terms.html (773 words)

	Sudan
		Sudan, with a population of 40.2 million, has an authoritarian government in which President Omar Hassan al‑Bashir and the National Congress Party (NCP) inner circle hold all effective political power.
		The SPLM Army (SPLM/A), the Sudan Liberation Army (SLA), and the JEM committed killings, beatings, abductions, rape, robbery, destruction of property, and forcible conscription.
		Movement generally was unhindered for citizens outside the war zones; however, before the lifting of the emergency laws on July 9, travelers who failed to produce an identity card at checkpoints risked arrest.
	www.state.gov /g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2005/61594.htm (12748 words)

	Church officials cautiously optimistic about Sudan agreement \| The-Tidings.com
		Father Pascal Boffelli, an official of the Diocese of El Obeid, Sudan, told CNS whether or not peace has come to Sudan "is still a big question mark," particularly on the side of the Sudanese government.
		Sudan's civil war has claimed an estimated 2 million lives and displaced many more since its inception in 1983.
		A peace worker and community activist with the New Sudan Council of Churches, Awut Deng, said southern Sudanese women in particular were longing for the day when the two sides would declare peace.
	www.the-tidings.com /2005/0121/sudan.htm (678 words)

	Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM)
		With the exception of a fragile peace established by negotiations between southern Sudanese insurgents (the Anya Nya) and the Sudan government at Addis Ababa in 1972, and lasting until the resumption of the conflict in 1983, southern Sudan has been a battlefield.
		The north-south distinction and the hostility between the two regions of Sudan is grounded in religious conflict as well as a conflict between peoples of differing culture and language.
		The Pentagon and CIA considered Sudan to be second only to Iran as a staging ground for international terrorism.
	www.fas.org /irp/world/para/spla.htm (836 words)

	sudan
		I call on the Government of Sudan and on all Darfur rebel groups to live up to their ceasefire commitments, to end atrocities, and to allow the free movement of humanitarian workers and supplies.
		Sudan's rebel leader John Garang is in the U.S. to meet Assistant Secretary of State Kansteiner
		Rebel leader of the Sudan People's Liberation Army [SPLA] John Garang, "is in the U.S. on a two-week private visit," said State Department Spokesman Richard A. Boucher.
	www.usrom.com /Countries/sudan.htm (902 words)

	Online NewsHour Update: Violent Clashes in Sudan Threaten Darfur Peace Talks -- September 23, 2005
		A surge in violence between rebel groups and the Sudanese army in Sudan's western Darfur region is threatening to derail peace talks in the Nigerian capital of Abuja and putting a shaky cease-fire in peril.
		An estimated 200,000 people have died in Sudan since fighting broke out in Darfur in early 2003, some from the violence, many from hunger and disease brought on by unstable conditions.
		Sudan Liberation Movement/Army officials claimed their attack was a retaliatory assault against the government-backed Arab militia, the Janjaweed, which intruded on rebel territory and killed 30 people in a recent attack in Darfur, they said, Reuters reported.
	www.pbs.org /newshour/updates/sudan_09-23-05.html (851 words)

	Sudan Liberation Movement Nears Split (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		But some members of the group are so opposed to the new president that analysts are saying the Sudan Liberation Movement may be on the brink of splitting in two.
		The founder of the Khartoum office of the Sudan Liberation Movement says that the new president, Mani Arkko Minawi, was not elected democratically and that he and others will not recognize him as president.
		Infighting between the newly elected leader and former SLM president Abdul Wahid Mohammed Nur, who was unseated at this week's conference, has led to fears that the movement may split along tribal lines.
	quickstart.clari.net /voa/art/gp/2005-11-06-voa18.html (466 words)

	Sudan at the Crossroads: Conference March 11-12, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		As representatives of the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement are engaged in negotiations in Naivasha, Kenya, many other Sudanese are still advocating to have their voices heard.
		Purpose: At this moment negotiators from the Government of Sudan and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement are engaged in the potentially last round of peace talks.
		If a peace agreement is signed, the distribution of Sudan’s natural resources and the promised post-conflict reconstruction aid may help redress or reinforce historical patterns of marginalization.
	fletcher.tufts.edu /sudanconference2004/outcomes.shtml (1318 words)

	The Epoch Times \| African Union Criticizes UN Peace Proposal for Sudan
		U.N. Special Envoy for Sudan Jan Pronk met with officials of the Sudan Peoples' Liberation Movement in the southern Sudanese town of Rumbek to discuss the mission's deployment and plans for reconstructing the south.
		He told reporters Tuesday that the U.N. Security Council is expected to finalize details and approve the deployment of 9,000 protection forces and military observers by the middle of next month.
		Sudan Peoples' Liberation Movement spokesman Samson Kwaje told VOA the presence of a U.N. peace mission has already been provided for in the comprehensive peace deal.
	www.theepochtimes.com /news/5-1-19/25836.html (434 words)

	BBC NEWS \| World \| Africa \| Who are Sudan's Darfur rebels?
		The two groups fighting in Sudan's Darfur region - the Justice for Equality Movement (Jem) and the larger Sudan Liberation Army (SLA) - have very different ideological backgrounds.
		"Sudan's unity must therefore ultimately be based on the right to self-determination and the free will of the various peoples of Sudan...
		In 1999 Mr Turabi was involved in a showdown with President al-Bashir, when he introduced a bill into the national assembly reducing the powers of the presidency.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/africa/3702242.stm (639 words)

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