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Topic: Sudanese Arabic

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	Sudanese Arabic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Sudanese Arabic, as spoken throughout much of northern Sudan, is the result of a mixing of Egyptian Arabic and Arabic from the Arabian peninsula with local languages (El Rutana).
		Neverthless, Sudanese Arabic is similar to standard Arabic in many respects and as with all Arabic variations, is derived from the language of the Qur'an.
		Hence the Sudanese Arabic "jellabiyya" (the traditional garb worn by men in Egypt and Sudan) is used as opposed to "gellabiyya" in Egypt.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sudanese_Arabic (871 words)

	Varieties of Arabic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Maltese, though descended from Arabic, is considered to be a separate language and is in fact written with Latin letters.
		Arabic-based pidgins, with a small largely Arabic vocabulary lacking most Arabic morphological features, are or have been widespread along the southern edge of the Sahara; the medieval geographer al-Bakri records a text in one (in a place probably corresponding to modern Mauritania) in the 11th century.
		For Egyptian Arabic and Moroccan Arabic, the effect is sometimes described as half as powerful as an emphatic consonant, as a vowel with uvular consonants on both sides is affected similarly to having an emphatic consonant on one side.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Varieties_of_Arabic (4259 words)

	Arabic language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Arabic language (Arabic: اللغة العربية‎ translit: al-lughah al-‘arabiyyah), or simply Arabic (Arabic: عربي‎ translit: ‘arabī), is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic.
		Arabic has been a literary language since at least the 6th century and is the liturgical language of Islam.
		Arabic is a major source of vocabulary for languages as diverse as Berber, Kurdish, Farsi, Swahili, Urdu, spoken Hindi, Turkish, Malay, and Indonesian, as well as other languages in countries where these languages are spoken.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Arabic_language (3023 words)

	Arabic language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The expressions Arabic and Classical Arabic usually refer to al-luġatu-l-ʿarabīyatu-l-fuṣḥā (Literally: the pure Arabic language - اللغة العربية؛الفصحى) which is to Arabic speakers both the language of media across North Africa and the Middle East (from Morocco to Iraq) and the language of the Qur'an.
		Arabic is a Semitic language fairly closely related to for instance Hebrew language and the Aramaic language.
		The Arabic alphabet derives from the Aramaic script (which variety Nabataean or Syriac is a matter of scholarly dispute) which it bears a loose resemblance like of Coptic or Cyrillic script to Greek script.
	www.freeglossary.com /Arabic_language (1364 words)

	Sudan - SOCIETY
		Arabic is Sudan's official language (with Arabic and English the predominant languages in the south), but beyond Khartoum and its two neighboring cities of Omdurman and Khartoum North a variety of languages is spoken.
		Arabic is the primary lingua franca in Sudan, given its status as the country's official language and as the language of Islam.
		Sudanese Muslims are adherents of the Sunni branch of Islam, sometimes called orthodox, by far the larger of the two major branches; the other is Shia, which is not represented in Sudan.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/sudan/SOCIETY.html (19378 words)

	Arabic Language Facts
		The expressions Arabic and Classical Arabic usually refer to the pure Arabic language which is, according to Arabic speakers, both the language of present-day media across North Africa and the Middle East (from Morocco to Iraq) and the language of the Qur'an.
		The term Modern Standard Arabic is sometimes used in the West to refer to the language of the media as opposed to the language of "classical" Arabic literature; Arabs make no such distinction, and regard the two as identical.
		While Arabic is strongly associated with Islam (and is the language of salat), it is also spoken by Arab Christians, Oriental Jews, and indeed Iraqi Mandaeans; and, of course, the vast majority of the world's Muslims do not actually speak it; they only know some fixed phrases of Arabic, as used in Islamic prayer.
	www.languagehelpers.com /languagefacts/arabic.html (664 words)

	Arabic language - Voyager, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Arabic language (اللغة العربية; al-luġatu-l-ʿarabīyatu, less formally, عربي ʿarabī) is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic.
		Since the written Arabic of today differs from the written Arabic of the Qur'anic era, it has become customary in western scholarship and among non-Arab scholars of Arabic to refer to the language of the Qur'an as Classical Arabic and the modern language of the media and of formal speeches as Modern Standard Arabic.
		While Arabic is strongly associated with Islam (and is the language of salah), it is also spoken by Arab Christians, Oriental (Sephardic) Jews, and smaller sects such as Iraqi Mandaeans.
	www.voyager.in /Arabic_language (2420 words)

	UCLA Language Materials Project Language Profiles Page
		Arabic is a Semitic language of the Arabo-Canaanite subgroup (Ruhlen 1987).
		Arabic is originally the language of the nomadic tribes of the northern and central regions of the Arabian Peninsula.
		Arabic of the pre-Classical period is found in inscriptions of central and northwestern Arabia, with Classical Arabic itself appearing in inscriptions dating from at least the fourth century.
	www.lmp.ucla.edu /Profile.aspx?LangID=52 (883 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Arabic language
		The Arabic language (), or simply Arabic (), is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic.
		Literary Arabic (translit: al-lughatu’l-‘arabiyyatu’l-fuā "the most eloquent Arabic language"), refers both to the language of present-day media across North Africa and the Middle East and to the language of the Qur'an.
		Arabic is a major source of vocabulary for languages as diverse as Berber, Kurdish, Farsi, Swahili, Urdu, Hindi, Turkish, Malay, and Indonesian, as well as other languages in countries where these languages are spoken.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Arabic_language (2613 words)

	Arabic alphabet, pronunciation and language
		The Aramaic language has fewer consonants than Arabic, so during the 7th century new Arabic letters were created by adding dots to existing letters in order to avoid ambiguities.
		Arabic has also been written with the Hebrew, Syriac and Latin scripts.
		Some additional letters are used in Arabic when writing placenames or foreign words containing sounds which do not occur in Standard Arabic, such as /p/ or /g/.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/arabic.htm (822 words)

	Learn Arabic - Arabic Reference Materials
		This leading Arabic dictionary lists English words and phrases with their Arabic equivalents, distinguishing between different shades of meaning in English expressions, and illustrating the regional variations of the Arabic language in different parts of the world.
		For the spoken Arabic of Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, and Syria.
		A brief description of Arabic grammar and a pronunciation guide is followed by 2,200 entries of useful and up-to-date phrases and basic key vocabulary with an intentionally easy-to-use pronunciation system in English spelling.
	www.multilingualbooks.com /arabicref.html (1684 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Arabic is the national language of Sudan, but few of the over 25 million Sudanese would self-identify as Arab.
		Some Sudanese writers have employed the term Afro-Arab for northern Sudanese and a variety of Nilotic (Nile origin) people in the south, but this term was rejected by southern politicians and was jettisoned from political discourse in Arabic as well as English.
		The word that offends in Sudanese Arabic is `abd or slave, referencing darker-skinned ethnic groups that were enslaved historically, which, again ironically, might be used in the Arabian Gulf regions against the very Arabs who are heading the present government.
	www.aaanet.org /press/an/infocus/darfur/fluehr-lobban.htm (1175 words)

	Ethnologue: Sudan
		Creole Arabic is gaining at the expense of English and the vernaculars, although most people keep their vernaculars as first, or at least second language.
		Previous migrations from Sokoto, Nigeria; Maasina, Mali; Liptaako and Jelgooji, Burkina Faso; Adamawa and Gombe, Nigeria; and the Wodaabe lineage have settled in Sudan.
		Muwalid group is monolingual in Sudanese Colloquial Arabic; Mahdist group is bilingual in Fulfulde and Sudanese Arabic.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/pater/ethno/Suda.html (6636 words)

	Learn Arabic - Arabic Books, Tapes, Courses, and Software
		Each Arabic word or sentence or expression is taught with a transliteration in English, the meaning written in English, an audio recording of it in Iraqi Arabic, and the written version of it in Iraqi Arabic.
		The FSI Saudi Arabic Basic Course teaches the Urban Hijazi Dialect of Arabic, the most widely spoken and understood dialect on the Arabian Peninsula and the language of government and commerce.
		This is a grammar-based course that teaches spoken Egyptian Arabic though structured lessons, with each lesson including a series of spoken drills that reinforce the grammar, and a short spoken conversational dialogue that illustrates the grammar in action.
	www.multilingualbooks.com /tlstore/arabic.html (3709 words)

	Sudanese Refugees in Egypt - Worldpress.org
		By then, the Sudanese government had made Arabic the only language allowed in schools, and since her Arabic is poor, she opted to teach English to young children.
		A confrontation ensued between the driver and passengers on the bus and a small crowd of young Sudanese men who demanded that the injured man be driven to the hospital.
		As a false rumor spread that the Sudanese had the bus driver hostage inside the walled church compound, the mob of Egyptians began to hurl rocks through the gates and torched the pastor’s car in front of the church entrance.
	www.worldpress.org /mideast/312.cfm (3263 words)

	Sudan War Impacts Availability of Gum Arabic, A Key Ingredient for Many Commercial Products
		The Sudanese gum arabic is considered one of the world’s largest and most prized crops because of its quality and consistency.
		The African farmers who harvest the gum arabic have either been displaced, murdered, or are unable to continue their work because of the recent violence.
		In modern times, gum arabic is used in a variety of products and industries, including the pharmaceutical, chemical, and the food and beverage industries, as well as in fine arts, restoration, hobbies, and leather processing.
	www.herbalgram.org /herbalgram/articleview.asp?a=2770 (1891 words)

	Sudan - The Sudan Story
		Arabic is the official language, but there are more than 120 other languages.
		The people speak Arabic, but their sympathies and ethnic ties are to the south.
		The Sudanese arm of the body of Christ is not cowed by the persecution.
	www.cswusa.com /Countries/Sudan-TheSudanStory.htm (5912 words)

	Gum Arabic Defenders Dispute Reports Of Terrorist Ties To Industry - August 25, 1998
		Bob Menendez, D-N.J., who has pursued import exemptions for two companies in his district that import gum arabic, said he would withdraw his support for exemptions if he sees proof that bin Laden, whose fortune is estimated at more than $200 million, is associated with the industry.
		Sudan produces 70 percent to 90 percent of the world's gum arabic, a sap from the acacia tree that is used in a wide variety of products including candy, medicines and cosmetics.
		Working as an emulsifier, gum arabic helps prevent fruit particles in soft drinks from falling to the bottom, seals the inner portion of candies and maintains consistency in shampoo.
	www.cnn.com /ALLPOLITICS/1998/08/25/ap/gum.arabic (710 words)

	Spoken or colloquial Arabic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		"Colloquial Arabic" is a collective term for the spoken languages or dialects of people throughout the Arab world which differ radically from the literary language.
		Speakers of some of these dialects are unable to understand speakers of other Arabic dialects.
		Sudanese – spoken in the Sudan – approx.
	www.appliedlanguage.com /languages/arabic/spoken_arabic.shtml (324 words)

	Amazon.com: A New Arabic Grammar of the Written Language: Books: John A. Haywood,H. M. Nahmad (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Many of these are difficult to explain in English, as we simply do not have concepts of "attached pronouns" and "broken plurals", to say nothing of Arabic's highly active case system (Arabic has a genitive case which produces phrases such as "the fork of the mother of the Caliph").
		Arabic is a much older language than English and has dropped most of the awkward complexities that English still has in favor of a logical simplicity that was, one might say, codified, in the Abbasid period in Iraq in the 9th century AD.
		The enumeration of the differences between English and Arabic for the purpose of making English easier for Arabic speakers has yet to be done, but Haywood's grammar would provide a starting point and a skeleton for such an endeavor.
	www.amazon.com /New-Arabic-Grammar-Written-Language/dp/085331585X (2557 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		In particular, the study focuses on those changes which have occurred through direct contact between speakers due to migration, such as the settlement of Arabic-speaking pilgrims in the Sudan on their return from a pilgrimage to Mecca.
		Chapters 5 and 6 focus on the adaptation of Arabic nominals and verbal stems to Sudanese Hausa patterns.
		The study concludes with an account of the increasing Arabic influence on Sudanese Hausa to the detriment of its mutual intelligibility with West African (mainly Nigerian) Hausa.
	www.koeppe.de /katalogE/3-89645-105-7.html (382 words)

	Dar Fur (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Sungor is possibly extinct, and it would be sensible to conclude that Arabic has taken over in the area traditionally inhabited by speakers of this language.
		Nowadays, it can be assumed (although it cannot be verified unless fieldwork is conducted) that a variation of Arabic is likely to be spoken by a substantial share of Fur-, Masalit-, and Zaghawa-speaking displaced persons, often to the detriment of their own native language.
		For example, in Fur Arabic the first plural pronoun ‘we' is used instead of the first singular pronoun ‘I'.
	www.aucegypt.edu /academic/interpreters/DarFur.htm (1553 words)

	People Groups Living in the U.S. - Listed by Country of Origin
		Arabic, Sudanese Arabic (not intelligible to speakers of modern Arabic)
		Scottish Gaelic is spoken by 2 percent of the population.
		Zulu is spoken by 2.3 percent of the population.
	www.ethnicharvest.org /peoples/bycountry.html (913 words)

	Ethnologue: Egypt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		It is an amalgam of Delta Arabic and Middle Egypt Arabic, with borrowings from literary Arabic.
		Similar to Sudanese Arabic, especially in the south, but heavily influenced by Cairene Arabic.
		The shift to Arabic is expected to continue in the cities.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/pater/ethno/Egyp.html (745 words)

	Urban Legends Reference Pages: Rumors of War (Buy Gum!)
		Gum arabic is a resin that is used as an emulsifier in soft drinks, a thickener in candies and jellies, a binder in special-purpose inks and drugs, even a foam stabilizer in beer.
		American industries that utilize gum arabic from Sudan — confectionery, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals dietary fiber, printing and some citrus-based soft drinks — obtain the final form of the product from domestic importers under the licensed approval of the U.S. State Department.
		Additionally, the Gum Arabic Company of Sudan, Ltd., which controls all gum arabic exports from Sudan, repeatedly has denied any bin Laden involvement in the gum arabic market in Sudan, dating back to 1969.
	www.snopes.com /rumors/arabic.htm (491 words)

	Sudan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		One of the reasons why I thought I could devote some of my time on reading and learning about this country is that the vast majority of our students are Sudanese, and it would be a very good idea to involve and learn through them.
		In the process of writing about them, I will read, speak to my colleagues, our Sudanese students, and meet experts in the field whenever it is possible.
		But the dominant feature of the Sudanese culture I found in several articles is related to family.
	www.aucegypt.edu /academic/interpreters/Sudancultures.htm (1197 words)

	Sudanese army overtakes rebel base
		The Sudanese army announced it has controlled Loronjo base which is considered the biggest base for the Southern Sudan rebels to the east of Nourit city in southern Sudan.
		Muhammad Bashir Suleiman said that great number of casualties were inflected on the rebels in both human losses and weapons during the overtaking of the base.
		Sudanese Umma party to be represented in Sudanese government
	www.arabicnews.com /ansub/Daily/Day/020718/2002071808.html (368 words)

	Find in a Library: Chadian and Sudanese Arabic in the light of comparative Arabic dialectology
		Chadian and Sudanese Arabic in the light of comparative Arabic dialectology
		Arabic language -- Dialects -- Sudan -- Bibliography.
		WorldCat is provided by OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. on behalf of its member libraries.
	www.worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/2dbd21f81fb79a57.html (69 words)

	Sudan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Uganda's army says LRA leader Joseph Kony is hiding in southern Sudan, and under a 2002 deal with Khartoum it can pursue him there.
		Ugandan troops are only allowed to roam south of the road between the Sudanese towns of Juba and Torit.
		Dr.Eric Reeves -Smith College -MA Sudanese Songs
	www.sudaneseonline.com /enews2005/sep7-07880.shtml (372 words)

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